Han Nong
In the early morning of November 24, the third year of the Kai Jubilee (1207), the Southern Song Dynasty was on the side of the Liubu Bridge in Lin'an, and a group of forbidden soldiers lurked on both sides.
This bridge is the only way for many officials of the six ministries of the three provinces to commute to work, so it is called the six bridges.
A group of people hurried in, surrounded by a prominent official.
At the order of the leader of the forbidden army, the soldiers roared up, killed the retinue, and took the official hostage.
Escorted to Yujin Garden, the soldiers pushed him into a sandwich wall, and the iron whip fell in unison, and after a roar, it gradually disappeared.
It was a coup d'état, known in history as the "Change of Yujin garden", and the assassinated person was the current taishi, the Pingzhang army state affairs, and the king of Pingyuan County, Han Nongxin.
He was honored as "Pingzhang Military state affairs", located above the prime minister, under a veritable one person, above ten thousand people, controlling the government for 13 years, but because of a careless and in vain, he died at the age of 55.
Present-day Rokubu Bridge
Han Nongxin was born on October 8, 1152, the twenty-second year of Emperor Gaozong's Reign of Emperor Shaoxing of Song, and was enyin as a young man.
Being able to enter the world with grace and shade shows that his life is extraordinary.
His great-grandfather was Han Qi, the great Song Dynasty minister, his grandfather was Han Jiayan, the duke of The Horse, and his grandmother was Princess Tang Guochang, the third daughter of Emperor Shenzong of Song. Her mother, Wu, was the younger sister of Empress Wu of Song Gaozong, her wife Wu was Empress Wu's niece, and her niece, Han, was Empress Ningzong of Song.
Although gui was a relative of the emperor and the state, Han Nongxin's career was not smooth, and it was not until the end of Chunxi (1189) at the age of 38 that he became an envoy to the defense of Ruzhou and zhihemen.
Defensive envoys are false titles, and they are only the sending officers of the military subjects. Zhihe was only a royal attendant.
Five years later, however, in 1194, Han was given the opportunity to soar and participate in a palace coup, Shaoxi Neichan.
This coup d'état began with the death of Emperor Xiaozong of Song and Zhao Xuan.
Zhao Yun's son Song Guangzong Zhao Huan was provoked by Empress Li for many years, and he had always been at odds with his father, and even had serious mental problems, and now that his father had died, Zhao Huan actually refused to preside over the funeral.
As a result, the political situation began to be turbulent, and a coup d'état was brewing.
In July of the fifth year of Shao Xi (1194), Zhao Ruyu, Guo Gao, Han Nongxu, and others, with the support of Empress Dowager Wu, supported Zhao Huan's second son Zhao Kuo the Prince of Jia, who ascended the throne, with the historical title of Emperor Ningzong of Song and Emperor Guangzong as Emperor Taishang.
Song Guangzong
A bloodless coup d'état was a complete success, ensuring the stability of the political situation in the Southern Song Dynasty.
In terms of merit, zhao ruyu, Guo Gao, and Han Nongxin were naturally the three largest.
At the time of the coup, Zhao Ruyu knew about the affairs of the Privy Council, that is, presided over the military affairs of the whole country; Guo Gao was the deputy commander of the palace and was in charge of the forbidden army of the palace; and Han Nongxin's role was to recruit Empress Gaozong of Song, the empress dowager Wu, to gain her support, so he was Wu's nephew.
The success of this coup d'état, Han Nong's credit is not small, his ambitions are not too big, and he can obtain a temperance to make him a position. However, he was blocked by Zhao Ruyu, who was known for his straightness, and Zhao Ruyu, who had been promoted to the right minister, thought that "foreign relatives cannot be said to be meritorious." In the end, Han Nongxin was only promoted one rank and was awarded the title of Yizhou Observation Envoy, which was another false title.
Disappointed, disappointed, too disappointed, "cutting off people's careers is like killing parents", since then Han Nongxin hated Zhao Ruyu, hated the kind in his bones. Therefore, he set a goal - to overthrow Zhao Ruyu, only in this way could he have a day to emerge.
How to bring down Zhao Ruyu? Step by step.
First of all, he wanted to gain Ning Zong's trust. He quickly achieved this goal. With the merit of support, his niece Han Shi was the empress, and he also served as the Privy Councillor and was responsible for conveying the edict. For these three reasons, Naturally, he and Emperor Ningzong were easy to get close to, and in October he was promoted to the envoy of the Baoning Army.
The second step is to strike at Zhu Xi, a person close to Zhao Ruyu, and knock on the mountain and shock the tiger.
Zhu Xi was a close friend of Zhao Ruyu and was recommended to NingZong as an attendant. At first, the emperor still had to dress up as a good student, but after a long time, he gradually became disgusted with Zhu Xi's theory, and after 46 days, at the instigation of Han Nongxin, he finally passed on the internal approval to depose Zhu Xi.
The third step is to control the way of speech and impeach Zhao Ruyu.
Through internal approval, Han Nongxin removed Yushi Wu Hunter from his post and appointed his close associates Liu Dexiu, Yang Dafa, and Liu Sanjie as Yushi.
In 1195, Han Nongxuan instructed Li Mu (李穆), the right official, to claim that Zhao Ruyu was making a relative of the clan as chancellor, which was not conducive to the stability of the society. Emperor Ningzong dismissed Zhao Ruyu from the post of chancellor and sent him to Fuzhou Zhizhou, and later demoted Yongzhou, where he was killed on the way.
Zhao Ruyu
After Zhao Ruyu's death, Han Nongxu's position gradually rose in the middle of the dynasty, and he was promoted to the post of envoy of the Baoning Army and promoted the Wanshou Temple, although he had not yet been an official to the prime minister, but his real power was enough to compete with it.
From 1195 onwards, all those who disagreed with Han Nongxu were called "Taoist people", and later denounced Taoism as "pseudo-science", and books such as the "Quotations" of the theoreticians were banned. The anti-counterfeiting campaign lasted for 6 years and was known in history as the "Qingyuan Party Ban".
In 1196, Zai Xiangliu was instructed by Han Nongxin to impeach his close associate Liu Dexiu for "quoting the pseudo-party" and deposing him from the imperial court.
Soon, Han Nongxin was also awarded the title of Kaifu Yi tongsan division, and finally officially succeeded in being promoted to prime minister and began to govern. In 1198, Han Nongxin paid homage to The Young Fu and was knighted the Duke of Yuguo. In the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200), he ascended the throne as Taifu.
During this period of time, Han Nongxin can be described as an infinite scenery, but unfortunately the good times are not long.
In 1200, the year in which Han Nongxu ascended the throne, his niece Empress Gongshu died of illness at the age of six Chinese New Year's Eve.
With the death of Empress Gongshu, Han Nongxu's power began to decline.
In order to consolidate his position, he began to plan the Northern Expedition against Jin.
Before the war, he made a lot of preparations, such as Chongyue degrading Qin, and preparing public opinion for the northward war of resistance.
In the fourth year of Jiatai (1204), at the suggestion of Han Nongxin, Emperor Ningzong posthumously made Yue Fei the King of E. In the second year of the Kai jubilee (1206), at the suggestion of Han Nongxu, Emperor Ningzong stripped Qin Juniper of his title and changed his title to Miao Ugly, which means absurd and ugly.
"One day to indulge the enemy, and to worry about several generations." Who is responsible for a hundred years of ruins?" The system of degrading Qin was recited for a while, and it was very pleasing to the heart.
Subsequently, Han Nongxin once again appointed the main battle officer. Chen Jia served as a military attendant. Wu Xi, the son of Wu Ting, the son of the famous anti-Jin Baoshu general, returned to Sichuan and served as the deputy envoy of Sichuan Xuanfu. The family's Xin abandoned disease also came out of Shaoxing Province and zhejiang to appease the envoy.
In the first year of the Kai Jubilee (1205), Han Nongxin sealed the military affairs of Pingzhang, took charge of military and political power, and ordered Wu Xi to train troops in Western Shu, and Zhao Chun and Huang Fubin were ready to send troops to take Tang Deng. The deputy commander of the palace made Guo Ni command Duhuai.
In April of the second year of the Kai Jubilee (1206), the Song army, led by Chen Xiaoqing and Bi Zaiyu, recaptured Sizhou, and the situation was very good. In May, Han Nongxin asked Emperor Ningzong to formally issue an edict and send troops to the Northern Expedition.
Yue Fei resisted gold
Han Nongxin's political and ideological preparations for sending troops to cut gold were sufficient, but the military preparations were very insufficient.
For example, before sending troops, Ning Zong and Han Nongxin dismissed the pseudo-academic anti-party membership and reappointed some officials who were listed in the party to win their unanimous external cooperation, but some of them did not cooperate sincerely.
What is even more fatal is that the Great Song has an internal traitor.
This traitor was Wu Xi. This was something that Han Nongxin could not have imagined.
Wu Jie, Wu Xuan, and Wu Ting were all heroes of the Shu Dynasty against Jin, who could have imagined that the third generation of Wu Xi would actually commit treason?
As early as a month before Emperor Ningzong issued an edict to cut down Jin, Wu Xi had secretly rebelled against the Song Dynasty and surrendered Jin, cutting off the four prefectures of Outer Rank, Cheng, He, and Feng, and begging the Jin Dynasty to make him the King of Shu, but both Han Nongxin and Emperor Ningzong were in the dark.
It was precisely because of Wu Xi's rebellion that the deployment of the Song army to cut gold was seriously damaged.
The Jin army had Wu Xi acting as an internal traitor in Sichuan and was able to concentrate its forces to fight on the Eastern Front.
Song Guo Ni's army was stationed in Yangzhou, and he sent Guo Zhuo and Li Ruyi to attack Tuzhou in the Northern Expedition of Su Han, but was defeated by Jin Bing and retreated to Pu Prefecture. Li Shuang, the capital of Jiankang, attacked Shouzhou and was also defeated. Huang Fubin was again defeated by TangZhou. The capital of Jiangzhou, Wang Dajie, attacked CaiZhou and did not fall. Only Bi Zaiyu continued to win, but it could not turn the tide of defeat.
The Jin army took advantage of the victory and went south, and Han Nongxin hoped day and night that Wu Xi, the deputy envoy of Sichuan Xuanfu, would enter the army in order to reverse the defeat.
The news that awaited was the news that Wu Xi had officially claimed the throne.
In the first month of the third year of the Kai Jubilee (1207), Wu Xi openly built a palace, called the King of Shu, placed hundreds of officials, invited Jin soldiers to enter Fengzhou, sacrificed four counties, and prepared to cut his hair (change her true braided hair) to Jin as a vassal.
Fortunately, 41 days after Wu Xi became king, he was killed by his subordinates Yang Juyuan, An Bing, and others, which was really gratifying. However, the western front of the Song army had lost its influence on the Jin state at this time, and the Jin army was able to concentrate its forces to attack the eastern front of the Southern Song Dynasty, and many places were occupied by the Jin state, and the northern expedition of the Southern Song Dynasty became the southern invasion of the Jin state.
At this point, the Kaixi Northern Expedition officially declared defeated.
Portrait of the brothers Wu Jie and Wu Xuan
After that, the Song and Jin sides fought while discussing peace, and the Jin people falsely intimidated and proposed to behead Han Nong and others before they could negotiate peace.
Han Nong was furious and decided to fight again, giving up 200,000 yuan to subsidize military supplies.
Therefore, Emperor Ningzong issued an edict, recruited new soldiers, and used Xin to command the military as the privy council capital.
However, after the appointment was made, the sixty-eight-year-old Xin abandoned his illness before he could take office, and he fell ill and died at home.
Han Nongxin planned to fight again, but he did not know that the undercurrent behind him was surging and a murder was in full swing.
Two people behind the murder were Shi Miyuan, the rebbe attendant, and Emperor Ningzong's new empress, Yang Shi.
Shi Miyuan was the main representative of the surrender faction in the DPRK and China, and had always been suppressed by Han Nongxin, and he had long held a grudge in his heart.
And why did the new empress want to put Han Nongxin to death?
Because of the matter of Li Hou, Han Nongxin offended her.
In the sixth year of The Qingyuan Dynasty (1200), Empress Han, the niece of Han Nongxu, died, and the position of Middle Palace was vacant.
Yang Guifei and Cao Meiren were very favored by the emperor at that time, but because Yang Guifei was good at power skills, Han Yuxin told Emperor Zhao Kuo that it was not a good thing for women to learn highly, know ancient and modern, and be alert, and suggested that Cao Meiren, who had a soft personality, be the queen.
However, Emperor Ningzong did not take his advice, and eventually established Yang as his successor in the second year of Jiatai (1202).
In this way, Empress Yang hated Han Nongji and was always looking for an opportunity to get rid of him.
Shi Miyuan
The failure of the Kaixi Northern Expedition this time greatly reduced Han Nongxin's reputation, and it was a good opportunity to get rid of him, how could they miss it?
First of all, they wanted to get rid of Han Nongxin by the emperor's hand. Shi Miyuan secretly wrote a letter asking him to kill Han Nongxin. Empress Yang also asked the crown prince Zhao to write a letter, saying that Han Nongxin would start a military campaign again, which would be detrimental to the country. But Song Ningzong ignored them.
Therefore, Empress Yang decided to take the risk and cut first and play later.
On November 23, 1207, in the name of Emperor Ningzong, she issued a secret edict to Shi Miyuan and Qian Xiangzu, the governor of the Senate , signaling them to call on the Forbidden Army to kill Han Nongxin.
That night, Qian Xiangzu found Xia Zhen, the official in charge of the palace (in charge of commanding the forbidden army), and showed him a secret edict, asking him to send soldiers to kill Han Nongxu.
Thus, there was the opening scene, and the unprepared generation of power ministers, Han Nongxin, was tragically assassinated.
Afterwards, the weak Ning Zong actually accepted the fait accompli.
After Han Nongxin was killed, at the request of the Jin people, Shi Miyuan packed his head in a box and sent it to the Jin Kingdom, and signed the Jiading Peace Agreement on this condition, all of which accepted the conditions proposed by the Jin Dynasty: 300,000 yuan of coins and 3 million taels of silver (indemnity) of the master. The Jin army withdrew from the occupied territory. The Southern Song Dynasty once again bent its knees and lowered the gold, which was regarded as the completion of the "peace talks".
This is the so-called "Hanshou Anbian".
How should Han Nongxin be evaluated fairly?
In the "History of Song" compiled by Yuan Ren, Han Nongxin was impressively placed in the "Biography of a Traitor". According to the "History of Jin", the Jin people buried him thickly after receiving the first rank of Han Tuoxin, and named him "Marquis of Zhongmu" - the word "Zhong" means that he has a heart for the country, and the word "Miao" shows that he was born at the wrong time, and he eventually ended up in a different place.
Whether loyal or adulterous, why is there such two extremes in the evaluation?
Let's quote a passage from the contemporary historian Cai Meibiao to explain:
In the fourteen years before and after Han Nongxu's reign, he was powerful and powerful, and he and Zhao Ruyu's party fell in love with each other, and finally adapted to the demands of the government and the opposition to resist Jin, launched the Northern Expedition War, and was killed by the capitulators because of his insistence on resisting the enemy. However, because Han Nongxu was anti-Taoist, he was cursed by Cheng and Zhu disciples for a long time. The Yuan Dynasty revised the "History of Song", the "Taoist Biography" chongcheng Zhu, and the Southern Song Dynasty "History of the State" to establish the "Biography of traitors", which was not included in Shi Miyuan, but instead ranked Han Nongxu and Qin Juniper, insulting him as "adulterous and evil", completely reversing the right and wrong of history. It is also unfair for later historians to make arguments, or to follow the old theories.
The benevolent see the benevolent, and the wise see the wise. And I am only shallow and shallow, and I will not evaluate it here.
Empress Yang