Wu Jing, a famous historian of the Tang Dynasty, once wrote in "Zhenguan Politicians and Officials on the Selection of Officials": "The internal truth is dangerous, the appearance is small, the clever words are colored, and the concubines are good and jealous; if you want to advance, you know its beauty, hide its evil, and if you want to retreat, you will know its faults and hide its beauty, so that the Lord's reward and punishment are improper, and the orders are not good, so that the traitors are also." It can be seen from this that since ancient times, the traitors and traitors have been the object of criticism and criticism by historians, because the power of the traitors will often weaken the national strength, the people will be resentful, and bring great pain to the people of the world. What's more, they formed parties to corrupt the imperial program for personal gain, blackmailed the Son of Heaven to order the princes, and framed the loyal to the unrighteous land.
In the more than two thousand years of China's feudal history, it can be said that the traitors have never been interrupted, and those who are far away, such as Qin Xiang Zhao Gao, and those who are close, such as the Qing Dynasty's courtiers, are all people who have brought calamity to the country and the people. But to say that the dynasty was full of traitors, I am afraid that people's first reaction was the "poor and weak" two Song Dynasties, such as Cai Jing, Gao Li, Qin Ju and others in history can be described as infamous. However, in addition to these "well-known" traitors, there was another special person in the Song Dynasty, who posthumously awarded Yue Fei the title of Qin Juniper and vigorously advocated the Northern Expedition against Jin, but was finally regarded as a traitor by posterity! It is the last iron-blooded prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, Han Zhaoxin!
According to the "Biography of Song Shi Han Nongxu", "Han Nongxin was the great-grandson of Wang Qi of Wei Zhongxian. Father Cheng, married empress dowager Gaozongxian Shengcilie, and was envoy to baoning jun. He was appointed as an official by his father, and he waited at the gate of the cabinet, praised the people, and brought imperial instruments. Through historical records, we can know that the chancellor Han Nongxin was not only born into a famous family, but also a relative of the Song Dynasty, and his great-grandfather Han Qi was a major minister of the three dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, and Shenzong, and his father Han Chengguan zhi Baoning juncheng envoy. And because of his family background, the young Han Nongxin entered the army with grace and began his legendary life.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song, Han Was promoted to zhiyun (知閤門事), responsible for conveying edicts and holy decrees, and although the rank was not too high, it created favorable conditions for his further promotion. In the fifth year of Shaoxi (1194), Song Xiaozong fell ill and died, but the successor refused to preside over the funeral on the grounds of illness due to discord with his father. Eventually, zhao ruyu was forced to join forces with Han Nongxu to launch a coup d'état, and issued an edict in the name of empress dowager Wu (Han Nongxu's aunt), announcing the abdication of Emperor Guangzong and the progenitor of crown prince Zhao Kuo, known in history as Song Ningzong.
As a meritorious servant of Emperor Ningzong of Song, Han Nongxu originally wanted to use this as a meritorious strategy to obtain the position of jiedushi, but afterwards he was appointed as an observer envoy of Yizhou on the grounds that zhao ruyu was a foreign relative. The Biography of Song Shi Han Nongxu records: "The nongshi wanted to infer The grace of the nongchen, Ru Yu said: 'Wu Zongchen ye, Ru foreign relatives also, how can they say meritorious deeds?' ’...... And the nongxual but moved to Yizhou to observe the envoy and the privy councillor all undertook the will, and the nongxual began to look forward to it. Han Nongxin, who had a strong desire for power, was very dissatisfied with this matter and began to wait for an opportunity to attack Zhao Ruyu.
Therefore, Han Nongxin used the harem Empress Han to manipulate right and wrong, saying that it was rumored that Zhao Ruyu had the appearance of a monarch and could not stay for long. At the same time, Han Nongxin took advantage of his political superiority to take control of the Taiwan Advisory Organ and instructed the Taiwan Counselor to attack Zhao Ruyu. Shi Zai "Quoted Li Mu as the Right Righteous Speaker. Mu Yu has a desire for Ru Yu and does not get it, that is, playing Ru Yu with the same surname will not be conducive to the community. Ru Yu resigned. In the end, zhao ruyu, the chancellor, was dismissed and exiled by Emperor Ningzong of Song because he was from a clan and was likely to threaten the imperial power. Afterwards, Han Nongxu gained the trust of Emperor Ningzong of Song, and from then on, he was promoted to the rank of Taishi (太師) step by step, and later served as the prime minister, until he achieved a more senior pingzhang military state affair than the prime minister.
In order to eliminate the influence of Zhao Ruyu, Han Nongxin followed up with the Qingyuan Party ban and declared the science of science to be "pseudo-science"—at that time, Zhao Ruyu's supporters were mostly the scholars, such as Zhu Xi, Peng Guinian and other great Confucians of the time. The Qingyuan Party ban was imposed for 6 years, during which the classic books of science were banned and burned, and the rationalists who were listed as "pseudo-academic and rebellious party members" were attacked to varying degrees, and even those related to them could not become officials or participate in the imperial examination. Through the Qingyuan Party ban, Han Nongxin greatly maintained his position in the DPRK, but he did not expect that after his death, the influence of the Zhu Xi School among the Chinese intellectual community was increasing, and Han Nongxin's reputation was greatly discredited, and he was classified as a traitor by later theorists.
The Qingyuan Party ban made Han Nongxu a powerful vassal of the Southern Song Dynasty court, and then he did two major things during his 13 years in power, one was Chongyue's depreciation of Qin to fight against the capitulation faction, and the other was the famous "Kaixi Northern Expedition" in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty. Under the auspices of Han Nongxu, yue fei was posthumously awarded the title of King of E, and the title of King of Qin Jushen was posthumously taken, changing his title to Miao Ugly, and calling him "a day of indulgence in the enemy, and the worries of several generations." Who is responsible for a hundred years of ruins? "A momentary recitation, a great pleasure. Han Nong's debasement of Qin Juniper was actually a heavy blow to the forces of surrender and compromise. And Chongyue's depreciation of Qin can be said to have made public opinion preparations for the Northern Expedition.
In the first year of the Kai jubilee (1205), that is, in the second year of Han Nongxuan's depreciation of Qin, under the situation of the growing voice of the military and the people in the country, Song Ningzong issued an edict to the Northern Expedition to the Jin Dynasty, known in history as the "Kaixi Northern Expedition". At the same time, the iron-blooded prime minister Han Nongxin also actively prepared for the war, and a large number of anti-Jin people were used, such as the famous Xin Zhiyi, Lu You and others were appointed.
At the beginning of the war, the Song army's offensive achieved certain results and recovered many fields. Soon, however, the Jin army began a tenacious counterattack. At this time, Wu Xi, the deputy envoy of Sichuan Xuanfu, betrayed the Song Dynasty and surrendered to the Jin army, giving the Song army a knife in the back. Faced with the overall unfavorable strategic situation, Han Nongxin tried to make peace with the Jin people, but because the Jin people demanded that Han Nongxin be killed, the peace talks were unsuccessful. As soon as Han Nongxu saw that there was no way to seek peace, he continued to resist, and even used his family wealth of 200,000 yuan to resist the gold, and he bet all his wealth into it.
However, in this situation, the lords and factions in the imperial court formed another force, with Shi Miyuan and Empress Yang as the main representatives, and Empress Yang was even more resentful because Han Nongxin was not inclined to her on the issue of Song Ningzong's election of empress. Finally, in the third year of the Kai Jubilee (1207), Han Nongxuan was joined by the chancellor Shi Miyuan to unite with empress Yang and his cousin Yang Cishan, and when Han Nongyuan ascended to the throne, he launched an attack, blocked it inside the yujin garden wall, and then killed him. Han Nongxin was assassinated, and all military and political power was under the control of Yang Hou and Shi Miyuan. After Han Nongxin was killed, Shi Miyuan, at the request of the Jin people, packed his head in a box and sent it to the Jin Kingdom, on the condition that the Jiading Peace Agreement was signed. After that, Under the official rendering of the Southern Song Dynasty, Han Nongxin became a traitorous minister like Qin Juniper.
The failure of the Kaixi Northern Expedition further deteriorated the relations between Song and Jin, and also deprived the Southern Song Dynasty of an excellent opportunity to recover its homeland, and even more caused the hearts of the people in the world who were eager to restore the territory and open up the territory. Finally, we would like to say that during the reign of Han Nongxu, although it cannot be said that it was politically clear, it was not useless, and it should be affirmed that he devoted his life's efforts to recover his homeland. As the last iron-blooded prime minister in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty, he posthumously awarded Yue Fei and vigorously advocated the Northern Expedition, but in the end he was regarded as a traitor by posterity, in fact, it was due to the surrender of the Song Dynasty at that time. Therefore, Han Nongxin suffered injustice for nearly a thousand years, and after the founding of New China, he also rehabilitated Han Nongxu for a time. Mr. Cai Meibiao, a famous modern historian, has publicly stated: "The Yuan Dynasty revised the History of the Song Dynasty... Instead of including Shi Miyuan, han nongxin was juxtaposed with Qin Juniper, insulting him as "adulterous and evil," and completely reversing the right and wrong of history. It is also unfair for later historians to make arguments, or to follow the old theories. ”