Author: Zhao Xinfang
Zhu Xi was a famous theologian of the Southern Song Dynasty, known as Zhu Zi, confucius, an outstanding master figure who promoted Confucianism after Mencius, who had quite a political achievement during his reign, and his evaluation of it was remarkable: to establish a rational foundation for the people, to care about the fate of the people in the world, to inherit the academic achievements of his predecessors, and to show the people a bright road to a better future.
But what is jaw-dropping is that in the second year of Qingyuan (1196), he was charged with "pseudo-learning and rebellion against the party" and beaten to a bad reputation, of course, the hat was taken off as a matter of course, and even his protégés were also ruthlessly beaten by the brutal struggle. This article is dedicated to this matter.
(1) Supervise the impeachment of Zhu Xi by imperial history
In December of the second year (1196) of the second year (1196) of the Southern Song Dynasty, the superintendent Shen Jizu listed Zhu Xi's ten major crimes and wrote a letter of impeachment. The ten major crimes include disrespecting the emperor, disloyalty to the state, contempt for the imperial court, corrupting the social atmosphere, and embezzling the property of friends. Some of the crimes are too big hats, and some are hearsay, all of which are due to the fact that there is no solid evidence, so the impact is not large. The most disgraceful crime was that Zhu Xi took two nuns as concubines, and the eldest daughter-in-law of her deceased husband became pregnant (alluding to the ashes of the father-in-law).
The Song Dynasty's Inspector Yushi was subordinate to the Qipin official rank, which was not high in rank and had great power. The imperial court clearly stipulated that those who had not served two county orders could not hold this position. When bad information is collected, it has the right to impeach people, and they must be impeached once within 100 days after taking office, and they must be impeached once a month in the future, otherwise they will be punished and affect their careers.
Impeached by the supervision of the imperial history, it is a small or big thing, after the emperor read it, the imperial pen commented "stay in the middle", that is, there was no rain after the thunder. If you comment on "Imperial History", it will be troublesome. Unfortunately, Zhu Xi's impeachment was handed over by Emperor Ningzong of Song to Yushitai for investigation.
According to the regulations at that time, the impeached party was required to give a written explanation. In addition to the fact that in his report of his own guilt, he did not give a positive explanation for the pregnancy of his eldest daughter-in-law, who had already become a widow, and all the other charges raised, including taking two nuns as pet concubines, all admitted that they were committed by himself, and also expressed that he would repent and rehabilitate, "deeply reflecting on yesterday's wrongs and searching for the present." For a time, it was made smelly and discredited.
(2) Analyze in detail the origin of the "Qingyuan Party Case."
According to the analysis of the historical data at hand, the "Qingyuan Party Case" was actually a struggle between the two major groups in the official arena.
In general, Zhu Xi was quite a decent official, and his personality was relatively stubborn and upright. He has always advocated the need to be diligent in government and seek government, resist foreign invasions, and recover the lost territory of the Central Plains. It is also believed that lin'an is a remote corner of the city, and the capital should be moved to Nanjing, so as to strengthen border defense and help recover the Central Plains. Of course, zhu Xi's proposals were opposed by those bureaucrats who advocated compromise, land division, and peace. Of course, Zhu Xi, who was upright by nature, was not convinced by the anger of these people and looked for an opportunity to find a reason to play them.
"Preserving Heavenly Reason and Destroying Human Desire" is an important proposition of Zhu Xi's theory, and "human desire" is actually the physiological needs of human beings. In that era, to tell the truth, it was a matter of personal cultivation and private morality. Zhu Xi used to use the issue of private morality to impeach dissidents. For example, tang Zhongyou, the governor of Taizhou, was impeached, accusing him of fooling around with Yan Rui, a woman in the Qinglou Building, and so on, and harming the common people. It was hard to "get Tang Zhongyou and others out of class"!
His foreign relative Han Nongxu controlled the power of the government, which was opposed by Zhao Ruyu, the then prime minister. In order to arbitrarily assert the program, Han Nongxu wanted to attack Zhao Ruyu and his party and friends. Zhu Xi was a friend of Zhao Ruyu, and since many of Zhu Xi's words and deeds had long offended Han Nongxu and his party and friends, under Han Nongxu's planning, he used the pretext of attacking Zhu Xi to actually attack Zhao Ruyu.
There is an interesting phenomenon in ancient China, in order to overthrow a person in public morality, as long as it is found that his private morality is not good, that is, some problems in the "human desire", you can completely negate his public morality. Han Nongxin, his fellow party members, and friends followed Zhu Xi's example and adopted the method of treating his body in the same way as a person, so as to impeach people for the crime of disdain, and really asked Zhu Xi to "enter the urn" so that Old Master Zhu was already in a passive beating in the direction of public opinion.
(3) The emperor was the promoter of the "Qingyuan Party Case"
As the old saying goes, under the whole world, there is no royal land; the coast of the land, there can be no royal subjects. In feudal society, who else but the emperor has the final say? The person who provoked the "Qingyuan Party case" was actually Song Ningzong himself.
According to historical records, after Emperor Ningzong of Song succeeded to the throne, he was recommended by the chancellor Zhao Ruyu, and Zhu Xi was appointed as a waiter and attendant of Huan Zhangge, in short, as an imperial master. Zhu Xi had a straight personality and worked seriously, often educating the emperor to do this and not that, and even openly accusing the emperor of not being. If the emperor craned his neck and did not listen to the greeting, he would use his resignation as a threat. Accumulating over time, the young Song Ningzong gritted his teeth darkly: He had to find an opportunity to repair this boss stool. Isn't that? After Song Ningzong saw Shen Jizu's impeachment of Zhu Xi, he was very happy to approve the "handing over to the Imperial Shitai for investigation."
There is another way of saying it. Emperor Ningzong of Song wanted to create two opposing forces to achieve a balance of power, one was the courtiers, such as Zhao Ruyu and Zhu Xi, and the other was foreign relatives, such as Han Nongxu. They were hostile to each other and impeached, leaving the emperor to balance left and right. Zhu Xi's protégés were increasing, and his influence was getting bigger and bigger, and Song Ningzong felt a crisis. Poor Zhu Xi was in his sixties, and when he was about to raise his family, he was repaired by Song Ningzong so fiercely.
In the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200), Zhu Xi died unjustly. In the third year of the Kai Jubilee (1207), Emperor Ningzong of Song restored Zhu Xi's honor and posthumously granted him an official title, advocating the study of his Notes on the Four Books. Those lies were broken without attack.
Zhu Xi was a man of strong will, and in the last years of his life, he sorted out and annotated the four books without distraction. In his eulogy at his funeral, Xin highly praised his academic level and historical status.
【About the author】Zhao Xinfang, pen name Zhao Shi, is a director of the Chongqing Miscellaneous Literature Association and a director of the Chongqing Nan'an District Writers Association.
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