Southern Song Dynasty
Empress Xie
, in history the controversy is relatively large. On the eighteenth day of the first month of the second year of Deyou (1276), the Southern Song Dynasty sent envoys to hand over the Jade Seal of chuanguo and the descending table to the Yuan army. The Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time
Zhao
(xiǎn) was only a 6-year-old child, so it was Lizong, who had become the empress dowager at that time, who decided to surrender
。
The Song lord sent his Baokang army to proclaim Yin Fu and Ji Fu to defend the prefecture, and to pass on the national jade seal and surrender the army.
- "Yuan Shi, Volume IX, 9th Book of The 9th Century"
Author of the Popular Interpretation of the History of the Song Dynasty
Cai Dong Fan
, commenting that Empress Lizong Xie is a "
Mediocre woman
": Only for the place"
The Life of Chengping
"If encountered"
Strong neighbor pressure
", does not have the ability to bow the curtain to the government.
Empress Dowager Song, and Empress Dowager Xie, a weak woman, who is a peaceful world, is still no one to discuss, quiet in the palace, if the country is difficult, strong neighbors and oppress the situation, how can a mediocre concubine let this happen? Judging from his initial belief in Jia Xiangdao and his successor Chen Yizhong, it is already known that Xie Shi's unruly government is not enough.
——" The Popular Interpretation of song history: The Ninety-ninth Time"
The reason why This Empress Xie of Emperor Lizong was able to become an empress was entirely because of Song Lizong's concubine
Empress Yang
Empress Yang, yes
Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo
The second empress. On the seventh day of November in the sixth year of the Qingyuan Dynasty (1200), Empress Han, the wife of Emperor Ningzong of Song, died. At that time, yang shi, who was still a noble concubine, was very promising to become a successor. But Empress Han's contemporaries, Quan Chen
Han Nong
(tuō zhòu), however, supported Cao Meiren as his successor, because Han Nongxu felt that Cao Shi was easier to control, while Yang Shi was a very thoughtful person.
Empress Gongshu collapsed, the middle palace did not belong, and the noble concubines and Cao Meiren were favored. Han Nong saw that concubine Ren Quanshu, while Cao Meiren was supple in nature, and persuaded Emperor Li Cao. The noble concubine is quite involved in the history of books, knows the ancient and modern, is sexually vigilant, and the emperor is established.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 243, Liechuan II"
But in the end, on the eighth day of december in the first year of Jiatai (1201), Emperor Ningzong of Song still made the noble concubine Yang Shi empress, including those who served as right ministers at that time
Xie Shenfu
Credit.
When Yang was honored as empress dowager in the seventeenth year of Jiading (1224), Xie Shenfu had already passed away for many years, but Empress Yang did not forget that more than 20 years ago, Xie Shenfu helped her, and by giving Song Lizong the opportunity to choose an empress, Empress Yang let the girls of the Xie family enter the palace.
In the beginning, Shen Fu was the prime minister, and there was a support for Empress Yang, and empress dowager Dezhi. Emperor Lizong ascended the throne, and the empress dowager chose the daughters of the Xie clan.
Empress Xie's situation was similar to that of Empress Guo of Song Renzong. The appointment of Guo as empress was the decision of Empress Liu, the adoptive mother of Emperor Renzong of Song.
But the difference is that more than 7 months after Empress Liu's death, Song Renzong found a reason to depose Empress Guo. And Song Lizong, although he had successive favored noble concubines, did not think of deposing Empress Xie.
01
Empress Lizong Xie
Although she was from a family of eunuchs and eunuchs, her family environment was still very different.
Empress Xie's grandfather Xie Shenfu, although during the Song Ningzong period, was an official to the right chancellor, but Empress Xie's father Xie Qubo died early, and there was no family property in the family, so Empress Xie did not live a life of a big lady from a young age, but had to do housework herself.
Qu Bo died early, the family property was destroyed, and then he tried to collect food.
According to the Ming Dynasty Tian Rucheng's "West Lake Tour Zhiyu", Empress Xie was born of a concubine, and Empress Xie's concubine was not very kind. It is said that Empress Xie's birth mother
Mao's
When pregnant with Empress Xie, she often dreamed that she was shrouded in five-colored xia. One day, Mao Shi served the main room to wash his feet, and by the way, he told the main room about this strange thing. When Masamune heard this, he was not happy, and he raised his feet and stepped on the back of Mao's neck, and scolded in his mouth: "Can you still have a queen?" ”
Mother Mao's huaizhi, concubine mother makes Mao's mao foot, Mao's name: The night's tired dreams of the five-colored Xia's hood. Furious, with his feet on his feet, he said: "Birth Queen Yes? Will give birth, dispatch to the bathroom.
- "West Lake Tour Zhiyu Vol. 2"
On April 19, 1227, in the third year of Baoqing (1227), Xie was summoned by Empress Yang at the Ciming Palace, but she was not immediately made empress.
In the fourth month of Xia, he introduced xie shi, the granddaughter of the former chancellor Xie Shenfu, and entered the temple of Ci Ming.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 41, Benji 41"
On the fourth day of the third month of Baoqing (1227), Xie shi was first enfeoffed
Lady of Tongyi County
。 More than a year later, on June 21, 1229, the second year of Shaoding (1229), Xie Shi was promoted to the rank of Emperor
beauty
On September 18, 1230, the third year of Shaoding
, Xie shi was named
Chaise
。 After more than 2 months,
10 in December
Xie Shi was only registered
empress
And Song Renzong
Empress Guo
Although her father
Guo Yungong
The official position was only to Chongyi's deputy envoy, but Empress Guo's ancestor was born as the daibei chieftain. Empress Guo's great-grandfather
Guo Chong
(formerly known as Guo Chongwei), in the later Zhou Dynasty, was added as Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi. Zhao Kuangyin, the taizu of the Song Dynasty, was proclaimed empress dowager, and Guo Chong, who was also a Zhongshu Ling. In the third year of Qiande (965), Guo Chong, who was then the envoy of Pinglu Jiedu, died, and Song Taizu posthumously gave him the title of Taishi. Empress Guo's grandfather
Guo Shouxuan
The official position was only to Luo Yuan's deputy envoy, but Empress Guo's grandmother was the sister of Empress Li of Song Taizong's Mingde.
(Guo Chong) Zi Shouxuan (郭崇) (郭
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 255, Liechuan XIV"
By the way, because the "Biography of the Later Concubines of the Song Dynasty" records that Empress Guo was "
Pinglu Junjie made Chong's grandson also
This has led many people to believe that Guo Chong was Empress Guo's grandfather. However, in the "Song Huijiao", Guo Chong's is Empress Guo's
great-grandfather
Guo Shouxuan was Empress Guo's grandfather.
On the twenty-eighth day of the first month of the third year of The Divine Providence, Zhaojia gave empress dowagers to The Great-Grandfather of the Zhongshu Ling Guo Chong, Shangshu Ling and Zhongshu Ling; Zuo Qianniu to the Great General Shou Xuan, ningguo junjiedu envoy and taiwei; father Chongyi's deputy envoy Yun Gong, an anjun jiedushi envoy, and Taifu; great-grandmother posthumously honored Lady Zheng of the Yanguo state, grandmother Jiangxia County's Taijun Li Clan Qiguo, mother Chang'an County's Jundu clan Anguo, and mrs. He's wife.
—— "Song Hui to Compile Manuscripts , Ritual System 12 "
The History of song is used to "
great-grandson
(Female) "also recorded"
grandchild
(Female)". For example, Empress Meng of Song Zhezong was recorded as "The Defensive Envoy of Meizhou, the Ma Jundu Yu Hou, and the Gift of Tai Wei (Meng) Yuanzhi."
granddaughter
Also", but in fact, Meng Yuan was Empress Meng's
Empress Great-grandfather gave the eunuch Meng Yuan the posthumous title of Duke of Wen.
—— "Continuation of the Zhizhi TongjianChang, Vol. 479"
At that time, like Empress Guo, who entered the palace to run for election, there were also "
Great-granddaughter of Captain Xiao's general Zhang Mei
”——
Zhang Shi
(This was not the later Concubine Zhang Guifei, Emperor Renzong's favorite concubine.) The young Renzong took a fancy to this Zhang clan and wanted to make her empress, but in desperation, Empress Liu did not agree.
The 21st of November 1024
Guo was made empress. This year, Empress Guo was only 13 (virtual) years old, and Song Renzong was 15 (virtual) years old. Renzong's sweetheart, Zhang Shi, can only be a talented person.
At the beginning of the Heavenly Saint, the great-granddaughter of the general Zhang Mei of the Xiao Cavalry, entered the palace with Guo Hou, and the empress dowager was chosen as the queen, and the empress dowager wanted to establish Guo Hou, so she took Zhang Shi as a talented person.
——" Continuation of the Zhizhi TongjianChang, Vol. 14
On September 22, the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028), Zhang Cairen was named a beauty, and this was because Zhang Was seriously ill at that time. Within a few days, Zhang shi died.
Ugly, with the talented Zhang Shi as a beauty. When Zhang Shi was ill, he died five days later.
——" Continuation of the Zhizhi TongjianChang, Vol. 16
When Zhang Meiren died, Empress Liu was still alive, so Song Renzong could not posthumously honor Zhang Meiren according to his own wishes. It's here
The second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033) was the third day of the first month of November
After the pro-government of Emperor Renzong of Song, he posthumously crowned Zhang Meiren as empress. But strangely, the Biography of The Later Concubines of song does not include this Empress Zhang.
(November of the second year of the Ming Dynasty) B ugly, posthumously registered the beauty Zhang Shi as empress.
- "Song Shi, Volume 10, Benji 10"
Although in the "Continuation of the Zizhi Tongjian Long Edition", Zhang Shi is recorded as Zhang Mei
great-granddaughter
However, it is also recorded in the "Long Edition" that this father of the Zhang clan was Zhang Shouying, the envoy of the supply library. Zhang Shouying is Zhang Mei's son, so Zhang Shi may be Zhang Mei
That's right.
He gave his father the envoy Shou Ying for the storage of the treasury, and was the observation envoy of Dengzhou.
—— "Continuation of the Zhizhi TongjianChang, Vol. 113"
02
Sima Guang's "Records of Shuishui" mentions that empress Guo's
jealous
His heart was relatively strong, and he was unwilling to let Song Renzong approach other palace people. Emperor Renzong of Song was hindered by Empress Liu's pressure on the top and did not dare to fall out with Empress Guo.
In the beginning, After Zhang Xian married Guo, Hou Gong Zhangxian was jealous, and the harem was not able to enter, and the upper trouble did not dare to cross-
- "The Tale of Shui Shui, Volume VIII"
Still, Song Renzong's relationship with Empress Guo may not have been as bad as some people thought. Sima Guang recorded a past incident he had heard in his "Records of Shuishui": After Empress Liu's death, Song Renzong consulted with Lü Yijian to remove all the ministers who had helped Empress Liu. Emperor Renzong of Song told Empress Guo which people would be removed. Empress Guo casually replied:
Didn't Lü Yijian rely on the empress dowager in the first place? He's just a guy who meets the wind and steers the helm.
When Song Renzong heard it, he felt that it was quite reasonable, so he added Lü Yijian's name to the list of dismissals.
Or: Zhuang Xian's initial collapse, Shang's conspiracy with Lü Yi, Xia Zhen, etc., all zhuang xian's party of empress dowager, all of them were dismissed. After retiring to Guo, Guo Hou said: "Yi Jian alone is not attached to the empress dowager? But it's clever and responsive. "It is up to the right and the other to be reduced.
- "The Tale of Shui Shui, Volume 5"
If this story written by Sima Guang is true, it proves that even if Empress Liu was gone, Song Renzong would take the official affairs of the court as a topic of small talk with Empress Guo, and for Empress Guo's suggestion, Song Renzong would also adopt it.
but
In the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033), on the fourth day of the first month of December
Emperor Renzong of Song deposed Empress Guo as a concubine and made her live in Changning Palace.
Yi Di (乙卯), the deposed Empress Guo (郭氏) was made a pure concubine and a Jade Jing Chong Miao Immortal Master, who lived in Changning Palace.
There is more than one version of the reason for Empress Guo's depose.
According to the official account recorded in the Song Hui Zhi Manuscript, Empress Guo was "
Invite yourself into the road
”。
And another way of saying it is that Emperor Renzong favored it
Shang Meiren
In front of Emperor Renzong, he said something disrespectful to Empress Guo, especially in front of Empress Guo, who had a fiery temper and was about to slap Shang Meiren, and as a result, he accidentally injured Emperor Renzong. Emperor Renzong felt very faceless and was about to depose Empress Guo. It happens to be the inner servant in the palace
Yan Wenying
and
Lu Yijian
Good relationship. Previously, Lü Yijian was dismissed from office because of a sentence from Empress Guo, and yan Wenying and Lü Yijian both supported Song Renzong's abolition.
Yi Jiansu and the internal attendant deputy Zhi Yan Wenying were equally formed, making him the middle eunuch (xiòng), and for a long time, it was the governor of Guo Hou. Yi Jian yu is the queen of evil Guo.
However, that beautiful person is not innocent. She favored her with Song Renzong, and not only ran rampant in the palace, but also extended her hand outside the palace. Shang Meiren once asked the inner attendant to go outside the palace to pass on the story."
Doctrine
", to exempt workers from municipal rent. Pang Yuan, who was serving as the judge of Kaifeng Province at that time, said that the Great Song dynasty had never dared to call a beautiful person."
", to interfere with the work of the government.
Shang Meiren fang has favors, and the eunuchs are called religious will, and workers are exempted from the city. The public said that since the ancestors, no beautiful person dared to call the teachings and interfere with the government.
- "Tomb Inscription of Prince Taibao Pang Cemetery"
According to Yue Fei's grandson Yue Ke (岳珂), who wrote the Records of Shame (tán), the will of empress dowager Zhonggong (empress dowager) was called "
”。 This beautiful person obviously regarded herself as an empress.
The public opinion is called the Holy Will, the Middle Palace is called the Teaching Purpose, and the Chu Min is called the Order.
- "The Book of Shame, Volume II"
Song Renzong only scolded Shang Meiren a few times, pulled the internal attendant who had passed on the order to the staff to be reprimanded, and also issued a special edict, saying that in the future, if you encounter anyone who claims to be an internal servant in the palace and goes to various departments to give orders, do not listen to them.
The emperor is the internal servant of the staff, and he still has a command, and from now on in the palace, he will not have to accept it.
On August 15, 1034, in the first year of the Jing Dynasty (1034), the Guo clan could no longer live in the palace and had to move outside the palace. At the same time, Shang Meiren was also forced to become a female Taoist priest; Yang Meiren was also expelled from the palace.
Nongshen, Concubine Guo of zhaojing lived outside. The beauty Shang clan entered the road, and the Yang clan settled in another house.
In September of the second year of Emperor You's reign (1050), Shang Meiren died, and Emperor Renzong of Song posthumously honored her as her
Charger
Yang Meiren
In October of the first year of Jingyou (1034), he was forced to enter the Yaohua Palace and became a female Taoist monk, but in October of the second year of Emperor You (1050), he was reinstated as a Taoist
Jelly
In March of the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), he was promoted to the throne
Repair
。 Yang Xiuyi died in December of the fifth year of emperor Xining of the Song Dynasty (1072 AD) and was posthumously honored as a concubine. In April of the third year (1100) of emperor Huizong of Song, Princess Yang Xianfei was posthumously honored as a concubine.
03
In the "History of Song", it is recorded that Zhao Yun, the Emperor of Song, preferred Jia Shi's daughter Jia Shi because Jia Shi was beautiful.
When Jia shi was involved in women with special colors, he was selected and entered the palace, and Li Zong intended to establish Jia.
This Jia clan was only named Lady Wen'anJun on July 13, the fourth year of Shaoding (1231), at that time, Xie had been empress for 7 months.
Ding You, Jia Shi's waitress harem, and the lady of Wen'an County.
Jia Shi was only one month after she was made a county lady, and on August 18, the fourth year of Shaoding (1231), Song Lizong again named her a talent. On the first day of December in the fifth year of Shaoding (1232), Jia Cairen once again became a man
A few days after Jia became a noble concubine, that is, on the fifth day of the first month of December in the fifth year of Shaoding (1232), Empress Xie's patron,
Collapse. But Empress Xie's treatment has not changed much.
In the first year of Chunyou (1241), Concubine Jia gave birth to a daughter, the later Princess ruiguo. This is also the only child of Song Lizong who lives to adulthood.
February 15, 1247
Jia Guifei died of illness. Although Emperor Lizong of Song favored Concubine Jia Guifei, he did not posthumously make her empress like Emperor Renzong of Song.
September 27, 1249
Song Lizong put one more person in the palace
Yan Wanrong
She is a noble concubine and is very fond of her. On the sixth day of the first month of July in the first year of Jingding (1260), this Concubine Yan guifei also died of illness.
The history books do not record that Empress Xie was dissatisfied with the favor of Concubine Jia guifei or Yan Guifei. Empress Xie had always been very generous, and for this reason, Song Lizong was very satisfied with Empress Xie.
After the establishment, Jia Guifei was favored; Guifei Xue, Yan Guifei and Yiserjin. The back of the room is as good as it is, slightly unconcerned. The empress dowager was deeply virtuous, and the emperor was courteous.
There was another reason why Song Lizong did not go to Find Empress Xie's stubble, that is, Lizong had always been grateful to Empress Yang. If it weren't for Empress Yang, he wouldn't have been able to sit on this throne at all.
Emperor Lizong of Song, Zhao Yun, was originally passed on to Emperor Ningzong of Song's cousin Zhao Yun as his heir. And the adopted son that Song Ningzong picked for himself was the son of the sect
Zhao Hun
。 Zhao Hu hated the powerful ministers at that time
Shi Miyuan
He also threatened that when he ascended the throne, he would send Shi Miyuan to Hainan Island. In the seventeenth year of Jiading (1224), on the third day of the first month of the leap month, Song Ningzong died at the age of 57. Of course, Shi Miyuan did not want Zhao Hu, who was at odds with him, to take the throne, so he managed to persuade Empress Yang to use a forged edict of Emperor Ningzong to make Emperor Lizong emperor.
Ding You, the emperor collapsed in the Funing Hall, at the age of fifty-seven. Shi Miyuan passed on the edict and made his nephew Guicheng the crown prince, changing his name to Yun, that is, the emperor's throne. Empress Zun was made empress dowager and bowed to the government. Crown Prince Jin was made the Prince of Jiyang Commandery and lived in Huzhou.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 40, 40th Book of the Book"
More than 20 years after Empress Yang's death, Song Lizong still did not forget Empress Yang's kindness and married his precious daughter Princess Ruiguo (born to Concubine Jia Guifei) to Yang Zhen, The nephew of Empress Yang.
In April of the second year of Jingding, the emperor supported Empress Yang for meritorious service, and chose empress dowager's nephew Zhen Shang.
- History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 248, Liechuan VII
Conclusion
The deposed Empress Guo suddenly fell ill and died at the age of 24 (virtual) on the eighth day of November in the second year of Jingyou (1035). Many people suspected that it was yan Wenying, the internal servant, who deliberately killed Guo. Because Guo Shi was not a serious disease, it was Yan Wenying who took the Tai Doctor to see Guo Shi's illness. But Song Renzong did not delve into this matter.
It is a minor disease, sent wen ying, coerced by the doctor, a few days, but after the words of the violent. Chinese and foreign doubts yan wen should be poisoned, but not in fact.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 242, Column Biography No. 1"
On the nineteenth day of the first month of the third year of Jingyou (1036), Emperor Renzong of Song restored the late Guo's empress title and buried him as empress.
In the spring of the third year, he posthumously restored Guo as empress. Ding You, buried Empress Guo.
Although Empress Xie was not deposed like Empress Guo, her final outcome was no better than that of Empress Guo.
On October 26, 1264, the fifth year of Jingding(1264), Song Lizong died at the age of 60 (virtual). The 25-year-old crown prince Zhao Yu (qí) ascended the throne as Emperor Duzong of Song. Empress Xie was honored as empress dowager as a concubine.
Emperor Duzong of Song was the son of Emperor Lizong's half-brother Zhao and Rui. Although the Song Shi Duzong Benji praised Zhao Yu"
Resourcefulness
", but did not dare to erase the fact that Zhao Yu was 7 years old before he began to speak.
And raw, the room has a red light. Knowledge of inner wisdom, seven years old began to speak, words will be consistent, Rational Zongqizhi.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 46, Benji 46"
On the ninth day of The first month of July in the tenth year of the Xianchun Dynasty (1274), Song Duzong died, only 35 years old, leaving a mess. Empress Dowager Duzong's concubine Zhao (xiǎn), succeeded to the throne. Zhao was only 4 years old at the time, so his grandmother, Empress Xie, was born."
Pro-Dynasty edict
”。 On July 12, Empress Xie was honored as "
Empress Dowager Shou and Shengfu
Empress Xie was 65 years old at the time and was in poor health, and the ministers asked her to bow to the government, that is, to be a decoration.
The empress dowager was old and sick, and the chancellor repeatedly asked the curtain to listen to the government, and the strong one was allowed.
On March 12, 1276, the Yuan army sent Zhao, Empress Quan, and others, who had already claimed to be vassals, to the north to meet Kublai Khan. Empress Dowager Xie, who was 67 years old at the time, was temporarily allowed to stay in Hangzhou because she was old and sick and could not travel long distances.
The Duke of Yingguo and Quanhou entered the dynasty, and the empress dowager stayed in Hangzhou with illness.
In August of the same year, Empress Dowager Xie was also taken to the Capital of Yuan, and along with her bed, she was carried all the way north. Kublai Khan demoted Empress Dowager Xie to "
Mrs. Jushun County
In the end, he sent people from the palace (yú) to his bed, and with seventy-two guards, he went north to Dadu and demoted lady Shouchun County.
- "Continuation of the Zhizhi Tongjian, Vol. 183"
In the end, the last empress dowager in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty died of illness in 1283 at the age of 74.
(Note: This article is written by [Toutiao.)
@ Love slimming fish
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