I. "The Crime of the East Window of the Jizo King's Certificate"
The old title of this play, written by Kong Wenqing, "Record ghost book" reads: "Sir quasi-intended the Holy Gate Sun, analyze the Pingyang leaf points." Eager to learn is not ashamed to ask questions, to be called a son, to get a tantric text, to discuss the outline is constant, and to have the way of Hongren. Twisting "East Window Offender" is an old book of the West Lake, which is clear and evil to persuade the people. [1] It is known that this book has been passed down from generation to generation, and Kong Wenqing wrote it with the help of this, which can be regarded as a literary transformation of the script.
"Tianyi Pavilion Lange Writing Book Is Continuing ghost book"
Today, there are "Thirty Kinds of Yuan Periodical Miscellaneous Dramas", the Republic of China's "Complete Collection of Yuanren Miscellaneous Dramas" and "World Library" are all typeset according to this, and Wang Jisi's "Quanyuan Opera" is included in the third volume, with the title "Jizo King's Certificate of the East Window Offender" [2].
The whole play is divided into four folds and two wedges, all of which are sung by the lead singer at the end and read the white, which is the so-called "last book".
Press: Wang Guowei's "History of Song and Yuan Opera" said: "For each singer of the Yuan opera, there is a limit of one, if the end, if dan; other colors have white and no singing." If it is sung, it is limited to the wedge; if it is sung in the four folds, it must be the end. [3] Among them, the lead singer of the Dan horn is "Dan Ben" and the lead singer of the end horn is the "Last Ben".
However, many of them are "waiting for the master of the clouds", "waiting for Mr. Gua Yun", etc. [4], and the obvious Qin Juniper and Mr. Gua Gua each sang lyrics or read white. In the second compromise, after singing a large paragraph, the walker suddenly said: "Taishi, you laugh at this torch"[5], the words before and after are not in harmony, here is noted as "cloud" instead of "with clouds" elsewhere, that is, it is not the recitation in the two singing voices, and it is reasonable to have Qin Juniper's lines interspersed. He also reads a fixed poem in the middle[6], showing that he reappears after the end. If it was only Qin Juniper who read the white, then the fate of the walker would be unnecessary.
History of Song and Yuan Opera
The "Record Ghost Book" notes in this play: "Two books, Yang Ju'er pressed, "He Zongli Gou West Mountain Walker, Jizo King Zheng East Window Offender". "Press" means "according to the line", that is, the meaning of the performance[7], And Yang Ju'er should be the last corner artist at that time.
The "Second Book" is considered to be "Jin Renjie's name also has the play "The East Window Offender", Jin Renjie's "Baozi Shi Chao" immediately after the "East Window Offender", it is likely that this annotation was originally noted after the "East Window Offender", in order to distinguish the different performance books of this repertoire of the same name, it was mistakenly copied behind the "Baozi Shi Chao" with only one line"[8], but the problem is that Guan Hanqing and Wuhan Chen have "Yutang Chun", and Wang Shifu, Liang Jinzhi, and Wang Zhongyuan all have "Yu Gong Gao Men", but they do not indicate "two books" or "three books".
At the same time, under Jin Renjie's "East Window Offender", it is noted that "the second book", "Dan Ben", and "Xi Chun Lai Press", this book is Xi Chun Lai performance book, sung by Dan Jiao, which is completely different from the last version of Kong Wenqing in existence, so it is probably inaccurate to understand the second book as "the meaning of the original abridged version and modified version", and believe that "Kong Wenqing's "East Window Offender" is the old version of the same titled work of Hangzhou Jin Renjie"[9].
Qing Kangxi Yangzhou Bookstore published a copy of the "Record Ghost Book"
Therefore, the so-called "two books" should refer to the original two books of Kong Wenqing's works, one of which is mainly based on the last corner, and the other is mainly based on danjiao. The title of this play is "Yue Shumi Eliminates troubles for the Song Kingdom, and Qin Taishi secretly colludes to rebel", and Qin Juniper uses the identity of the net horn as the title, and the role is not light.
However, in the play, not only does he not have his recitation, but even the field mouth of the speech is marked only twice, including the suspicious field mouth of this article, a total of four times. In the right name, the destination of the bid, Zao [10], only spoke once, and there was no recitation, which was in any case inconsistent with the logic of the plot.
In the play, it is said that "I did not believe in the wife of the Great Sage at that time, he tried to persuade you bitterly, don't you know it"[11], and also said that "if you are too abusive and bitter, you will incarnate as soon as you go to Qingshan, and show your wife Nine Spirits and Three Virgins"[12], and the Lady Qin Juniper in the play is obviously different from the images in "Yi Jianzhi" and "Relics of the Dynasty and the Wild", which may be the adjustment made to become the protagonist in danben, which should be regarded as a case," and its main image is still based on conspiring with Qin Juniper Yue Fei.
Qingqianlong Geng Tobacco Hall Towel Box Book "Yi Jian Zhi"
However, it is conceivable that in danben's "East Window Offender", Qin Junzhong still has no lyrics, but the proportion of reading and appearing will increase greatly, and Jin Renjie's "East Window Offender" is exactly the "this book" of this Dan ben, so Li Wenwei's "Xie An Dongshan High Lying" bets "Zhao Gongfu Sub-Ben", Zhao Gongfu's "Jin Xie An Dong Shan Gao Lie" notes "Sub-Ben"; Wuhan Chen's "Tiger Prison Pass Three Battles Lü Bu" bets: "Zheng Dehui Sub-Ben", Zheng Dehui's play bets "Sub-Ben", but Jin Renjie's play bet is "Sub-Ben", Kong Wenqing's work is not bet" Kim In-jae Tsurugi", precisely because it has two copies, and Kim In-jae only makes a sub-book for the Dan Ben.
Judging from only the last surviving texts, the drama "The East Window Crime" takes the death of Yue Fei and He Zongli's visit to Ye Shouyi, the walker, as the main line, retaining Yue Fei's surrender to Qi Fang, Li Cheng, the mud horse Du Kang Wang, Shi Quanxing's assassination and other guanmu.
The so-called thirteen gold medals in the play [13] are probably a fusion of the "Thirteen Dao of the Edict" of the "Compilation of the Northern League of the Three Dynasties" and the "Ten There Are Two Those Who Fengjin Shu Zi Tablets" in the "Chronicle of the Ewang Xingshi", Yue Fei said to himself before his death: "I do not support one person as the emperor, teach the people to be disappointed", directly rebuking the emperor Zhao Shuo, and appearing quite personal in the play with Yue Fei as the theme. Yue Fei used eleven "I am not compatible" and one "Yue Fei's son and father are not compatible" to complain to himself, probably inspired by the historical self-description of Li Si before his death, and later used a "he did not fit the warehouse Ao stole grain, and stole silver from the treasury." The vicious heart did not follow his duty, and even rebelled against the military power and killed the general Ofan. ”[14]
Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Edition of "The Complete Biography of Yue Yue"
As a sentence against Qin Juniper, the two are more shocking than each other, and Yue Fei's self-complaint in "The Complete Biography of Yue Yue" is completely a reproduction of these twelve "incompatibilities". And its narrative of He Li tracking down the mad monk Ye Shouyi is also completely in accordance with the narrative of this play, so among all the Yuanming miscellaneous dramas, "The Complete Biography of Yue Yue" is really the most influenced by this play.
II. "Song General Yue Fei Jingzhong"
This play is not written by the author, and there is a manuscript of the Pulse Lookout Museum. The book is inscribed "The Fifth Day of the First Month of June in the Forty-third Year of the Wanli Calendar, Qingchang Daoist", qingchang Daoist is the second owner of the Maiwangguan, that is, zhao Qimei's alias, and the Minchu Wang Jilie's "Lonely Yuanming Miscellaneous Drama" is typeset according to this manuscript. I do not know what the basis for this book is to be judged as a meta-drama[15].
In the book, both sticky and iron han are referred to as "surname sticky name Han character de zhong", "surname iron name han character knot"[16], naturally taking the harmonic sounds of "sticky middle" and "iron knot" to make a laugh, but the Yuan Dynasty Mongolian name is common, the author does not know the name of the clan, but split into names, which is definitely not what the Yuan Dynasty artists should do; in the book, there are "that face is lame, small ears and deaf, Bu Er red one eye, thorns open lips." [17] "Na Yan" means "adult" in Mongolian,[18] "Bu'er chi" means Mongolian cook,[19] and "Wu Thorn Chi" means coachman in Mongolian,[20] all three images are bad and funny, and if the author was born in the Yuan Dynasty, he must not use this to satirize the Mongolian people in power.
Mongolian in Yuanming Opera
It is also said that "those who won the victory hung the marshal's seal in the marshal's palace, and those who lost were punished to Shijia Hutong"[21], Shijia Hutong in present-day Dongcheng District, the earliest record is found in Ming Jiajing Zhang Jue's "Collection of Hutongs in The Five Cities of Jingshifang Lane", although the Yuan Dynasty had the name of hutong, the official name was called "Fire Lane"[22], and the Qing Dynasty Dou Guangnai's "Old Wen Kao under the Sun" quoted the Yuan Dynasty "Zhijin Zhi" to say that The Yuan Dadu "the street is twenty-four steps wide, the small street is twelve steps wide, the three hundred and eighty-four fire lanes, the twenty-nine hutongs, and the hutong dialect" is quoted."
Therefore, in the world of The Yuan, the hutong originally refers to the nameless fire alley, so it is possible to call a certain fire alley "hutong", and it is not to call it "Shijia Hutong". According to the convention of the Ming Dynasty manuscripts, the name of this hutong may also come from the scribe's supplement, but the play twice copied Han Shizhong as "Han Shigui" and once copied Yue Yun as "Bing Yun", which shows that the scribe is ignorant and the machinery lost when copying the book must not have this knowledge.
Therefore, judging from this, this drama is a Ming legend rather than a meta-drama. In addition to seeing the ignorance of the author, fanbang who fought with Yue Fei in the play was also known as Jurchen at that time, so this drama was still earlier than other works of similar themes in the Ming Dynasty before the rebellion of Wang Gao in the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing.
The play is divided into four folds, the first fold writes the war and differences between Yue Fei and Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun, Liu Guangshi and the marshal Li Gang and Qin Juniper, the second fold writes that Jin Wushu sent troops to invade the Song, the third fold writes the four generals who broke the Golden Wuzhuo, and the fourth fold writes that the four will return to the division to be rewarded. The whole drama has Yue Fei as the only protagonist, and Han Shizhong and others with the same name are regarded as generals dispatched by Yue Fei.
Comic strip "The Complete Biography of Yue Yue"
Although the story begins with the four generals and Yue Fei's loyal traitors, the whole drama is completely the comedy tone, in which the portrayal of Jin Wushu's main and deputy pioneers Sticky Han and Tie Han are the clowns of the gags of "soldiers will not be booked, bow horses are not familiar"[23], and the ugly and funny images such as Na Yan and Bu Erchi mentioned above are also all clown postures, which together constitute the comedy elements in the book.
Therefore, this drama is only based on Yue Fei Jingzhong, but it cannot be regarded as a serious historical drama, and it has no influential effect on the creation of Yue Fei's theme stories in later generations. For example, Zhang Xian and Yue Fei in the play did not have a friendship with Yue Fei, but instead called Yue Fei "brother"[24], and did not see any absorption of later works here.
III. "Yue Fei Breaks the East Window"
This play is not titled, the "Southern Word Narrative" notes for the Ming Dynasty that is, the Ming Dynasty miscellaneous drama, and now there is a Ming Dynasty Wanli Jinling Fuchun Hall publication, included in the "Guben Opera Series" in the first collection, compiled by Mr. Wang Jisi, included in the 11th volume of "Quanyuan Opera".
In the "Explanation of Repertoire", it is said that because the three lyrics in this play are the same as the three songs of the play "Qin Juniper East Window Offender" stored in the "Narrative of the Southern Words", it is believed that this play is a transformation of the Southern Opera of the Yuan Dynasty, which is naturally not published.
Commentary on the Narrative of the Southern Word
However, because of its simple language and the fact that the play is divided into "folds" instead of "out", there is the word "poetry" in the next scene, believing that "this is a sign that the new legendary form has not yet been finalized", and concluding that this play was completed in the early Ming Dynasty [25], it is too wrong.
Press: In the play, it is said that "as long as there are two tables, but how much silver is needed", "If you want such arrangements, you must use two or two pieces of silver"[26], and silver was banned in the early Ming Dynasty, and the "Daming Treasure Banknote" was used until the first year of Emperor Yingzong's orthodoxy (1436 AD) "Received the order of folding silver with rice and wheat, so as to reduce the number of banknotes, and use rice silver coins as banknotes, and the use of silver was forbidden." Both the government and the opposition used silver, and the younger ones used money"[27], and at the same time, the Narrative of the Southern Words was written in the thirty-eighth year of Sejong Jiajing (1559), so the completion of this play did not fall on the same night.
The whole play is 40 folds, divided into two volumes, the upper volume is counted as twenty-one folds, the lower volume is nineteen folds, and there are prints in the play as illustrations. There are many errors in the script when it is published, such as writing "Han Zhongxian" as "Fu Zhongxian" and "Daliao [Female Mane] Zi" as "Da Liang Dezi" [28], all of which are due to transliteration. When Shi Quanxing stabbed Chen", "Crouched under the bridge, and when he came here, he saw that he had come early to avenge my master's revenge" Yunyun [29], and the manifest system did not understand the language, and qin Juyan's doctor's monologue said that after the six characters of "the medicine was broken in the north", it should be a typographical error. Therefore, this book should be the first engraving of Fuchuntang, that is, the unedited version.
Codex "Yue Fei Breaks the East Window"
The play retains the stories of King Dukang of mud horses and Yue Fei's collection of Yang Yuan, among which the gold medal for recalling Yue Fei is thirteen, which is a continuation of the cheng theory in "The Crime of the East Window", the two vice generals under Jin Wushu and Ha Michi "attacked the city strategically and completely, and drank meat for the most, I am the most, I am the most"[30] Is undoubtedly a transformation of the image of sticky and iron Han in "Song General Yue Fei Jingzhong".
Lady Yue and Miss Silver Bottle invited the Taoist priest to interpret the dream are linked together in the lyrics of the song[31], which is the humorous way for the opera characters to create humor, and when writing about the wednesday fear of hanging the official, the historical He Zhu and the image of the wednesday fear are combined into one, which is the way to understand the creation of the drama, all of which can be seen that the play is based on the basis of mature theatrical performance.
However, the words used in the play are extremely elegant, taking only the twenty-third fold as an example, the play quotes the allusions of Confucius marrying his niece to Gongyechang in the Analects, and the Song people's sacrifice of qin and Huaxu's dream in "Liezi", which shows that the author is quite familiar with the zhuzi classics. In the second compromise, Yue Fei's lyrics "Man Jiang Hong" were transformed into "Female Crown", and "Hungry Eating Hu Yu Meat" and "Thirst for Xiongnu Blood" were embedded in the text[32], which showed considerable talent, so the play should also be transformed by traditional literati.
However, in the process of transformation, it is inevitable that it will be hasty, so some plots in the play are inconsistent with the history books, such as Yue Fei's wife should be Liu and Li instead of the so-called Zhang clan in this article, but this drama is widely circulated, and Zhang Xian is always designed as Yue Fei's son, so some later dramas such as "Capture the Autumn Championship" often name Yue Fei's wife after Zhang. Some of the plots in the play are quite contradictory, such as writing that after Lady Yue threw herself into a well, she used Zhang Baozhi's mouth to confess that Lady Yue "hit a stone and died".
Pan Zizi painted a portrait of Yue Fei
There are also some things that are not clearly explained, such as yue fei's second son, who has been mentioned repeatedly, and yue fei's daughter is not confessed to Yue Yun and Zhang Xian until the twenty-third compromise, and Yue Fei's daughter named Silver Bottle only appears in the twenty-seventh fold. The twenty-sixth fold writes that Lady Yue said to her daughter: "On that day, your father's codex took your two brothers to Beijing"[34], without saying that his husband and brother; and the thirty-third fold Zhang Xian mentioned that Yue Fei and Yue Yun were his "two father brothers", and Yue Yun called them brothers[35], which shows that Zhang Xian was Yue Fei's righteous son and was after Yue Yun, but this setting was completely the result of the audience's own speculation, and the author did not explain clearly. These are undoubtedly the result of the hasty collation of the final author of this play.
However, the portrayal of the characters in the play is quite remarkable, such as its writing that Yue Fei's reaction when he accepted two edicts and thirteen gold medals was divided into three times, layer by layer. After the first edict came, Yue Fei was extremely hesitant about the class master, and only when the second edict came did he make up his mind. At this time, Zhu Xianzhen's father and elder all came to dissuade him, and Yue Fei kept pulling in the edict and the father's request. It was not until he received thirteen gold medals at the same time that he returned to the dynasty in the regrettable "waste of my ten years of merit"[36], and these portrayals were inherited and continuously enriched by some later dramas such as Feng Menglong's "Jingzhongqi".
"Jing Zhongji"
Because this drama has been adapted into legends such as "Jing Zhongji" and "Jing Zhongqi", its story has a great influence, and many original plots have been directly or indirectly absorbed by novels such as "The Complete Biography of Yue Yue". For example, in the play, the links of "Qin Juniper Youhu - Ha Mi Chi Xia Shu - East Window Determination", the characters Fu Yueyun, Zhang Xian, and the silver bottle mother and daughter's fierce dream and questioning when Yue Fei was imprisoned were all used in the "Biography of Yue Quan", and the general Tian Shizhong who poisoned Niugao in history was written as "Tian Sizhong", which is the same as "The Complete Biography of Yue".
In the play, it is written that God sealed Yue Fei's father and son as Leibu, and the mother and daughter of the silver bottle were named Xian'e[37] which were also copied from the "Biography of Yue Quan", but the "Biography of Yue Quan" regarded Yue Fei as a bird that returned to the throne, and the functions of "rewarding good and punishing evil" granted to Yue Fei in this play were entrusted to Yue Yun and Zhang Xian respectively. At the same time, the plots of God's canonization of gods and the rehabilitation of the emperor on earth in this play are integrated in one place, first narrating the affairs of the human world, and then writing about the affairs of the heavens, in order to echo the plot of Dapeng Xiafan at the beginning of the book.
The play says that Yue Fei's family "died of loyalty, the son died of filial piety, and his wife and daughter died of jieyi." Morality is in one discipline, and good is commendable. [38] It is also for the "Biography of Yue Quan" that "our door has 'loyalty', 'filial piety', and 'festival', and only one word of 'righteousness' is missing." When he dies today, won't he have all the words 'loyalty and filial piety' in his entirety? "The foundation is laid.
The Biography of King Yue of the Great Song Dynasty
In addition, the foreshadowing of the dream of the Daoyue monk and Yue Fei before going to prison in this drama is also inherited by the "Zhongxing Yanyi" and the "Complete Biography of Yue Yue".
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exegesis:
[1] (Yuan) Zhong Sicheng and Jia Zhongming: "Fifty-six Legendary People Who Have Compiled Legends in the World" in the Book of Recorded Ghosts"
[2] Wang Jisi, editor-in-chief: Quanyuan Opera, vol. 3, People's Literature Publishing House, February 1999 edition, pp. 303-323, all of which are based on this book, with only page numbers indicated below.
[3] Wang Guowei: A History of Song and Yuan Opera, China Peace Publishing House, May 2014, p. 113.
[4] The Jizo King's Witness to the Eastern Window, pp. 310, 314.
[5] Ibid., p. 311.
[6] Ibid., p. 312.
[7] This theory can be found in Wang Jisi: "Preface", in The Complete Works of Wang Jisi, Vol. 2, Collected Papers on Classical Opera, Hebei Education Publishing House, December 2005 Edition, p. 27.
[8] Ibid., p. 28.
[9] Kang Baocheng, "The "Sub-Book" in The Meta-Miscellaneous Drama", Literary Review, No. 6, 2003, pp. 17 and 18.
[10] The play is titled "He Zongli Gou Xi Shan Walker Jizo King Zheng East Window Offender".
[11] The Jizo King's Witness to the Eastern Window, p. 311.
[12] Ibid., p. 321.
[13] Ibid.
[14] Ibid., p.
[15] For example, Qi Senhua et al., editors of the Great Dictionary of Chinese Quxue, define it as "Yuan Dynasty Miscellaneous Drama", Zhejiang Education Publishing House, December 1997 edition, p. 281; Feng Qiyong's article "On the Patriotic Thought in Ancient Yue Fei Dramas and Their Criticism of the CapitulationIsts" cuts it off as a miscellaneous drama of the Yuan Dynasty, see Feng Qiyong's Collected Works, Vol. 4, Chuncao Collection, Qingdao Publishing House, March 2013 edition, p. 21; Shi Changyu: The History of the Development of the Chinese Novel, Volume II, also known as "Yuan Miscellaneous Drama", Shanxi Education Publishing House, September 2019 edition, p. 609.
[16] Editorial Board of guben opera series: "Guben Opera Series Series 4-3 Maiwangguan Copied SchoolBook Ancient and Modern Miscellaneous Dramas", Commercial Press, December 1958 edition, the introduction is found in "Song General Yue Fei Jingzhong", page 23, all the following citations of this book are based on this version, only the number of pages is indicated, and all punctuation points are added by the citator.
[17] The Song General Yue Fei Jingzhong, pp. 3-4.
[18] See Note VIII of the Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty.
[19] Ibid., §124.
[20] (Qing) Fu Heng and Chen Dashou: Huayi Translation: "Ma Fu, Wu Thorn Chi." ”
[21] Song General Yue Fei Jingzhong, p. 22.
[22] (Qing) Zhu Yixin: "The Manuscript of jingshifang lane": "The Yuan Jing Shifu classic is called the fire lane, and the hutong is the turn of the fire lane." ”
[23] Song General Yue Fei Jingzhong, p. 2.
[24] Song General Yue Fei Jingzhong, p. 22.
[25] This play is found in Wang Jisi's editor-in-chief: Quanyuan Opera, vol. 11, People's Literature Publishing House, February 1999 edition, pp. 94-219, all the preceding articles are found on page 94, and the following are based on this book, only the page numbers are indicated, but the "folding" in the original work is changed to "out" in the collation book, and I don't know what the basis is, this article is "folded", changed from the "First Collection of Ancient Chinese Opera Series".
[26] "Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window", p.
[27] (Qing) Zhang Tingyu: Ming Shi And Food Chronicles V.
[28] For details, see Yue Fei's Notes on the Breaking of the East Window, pp. 101 and 104.
[29] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 192.
[30] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 104.
[31] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, pp. 138-139.
[32] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 100.
[33] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 192.
[34] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 172.
[35] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 196.
[36] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 131.
[37] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 198.
[38] Yue Fei's Record of Breaking the East Window, p. 197.