Avocado scientific name avocado, avocado, this "crumpled appearance, cut greasy" fruit, although the taste is light, not as good as other fruits moist and crisp, but relying on the marketing means against the sky, these years in the country quickly became popular, selling is not cheap.
I have eaten avocado raw. To be honest, it is not very tasty, it feels like a piece of cold fat meat, but there are friends around who still like this flavor, maybe radish greens have their own love for it
Recently, some fans asked whether there are any prospects for the development of avocados? Good or bad? Today, I would like to take this opportunity to talk about it.
<h1>About avocados</h1>
Growth characteristics
Avocado is a tree tree native to tropical rainforest conditions, growing in competitive sunlight, the root system is shallow, most of them are distributed in the soil layer within 30 cm, no root hair, absorbed by mycorrhizal instead of fertilizer water; most varieties have a thick and obvious trunk, more branches, new shoots are easy to break; the leaves are larger, leathery, single-leaf alternate, spiral-like arrangement; young trees are put into production after 3 to 4 years, the flowers are conical inflorescences, there are two flower types A and B, the flowering period is 3 to 4 months, and the blooming period is 20 to 30 days The marketing period of fresh fruits is from late August to the end of February of the following year, and the fruit of the pear is a fleshy stone fruit, and the fruit shape is mainly pear-shaped.
Main species
Mainly including plateau Mexico, tropical highland Guatemala, tropical lowland West Indies three horticultural species, China is mainly based on the Guatemalan system, the fruit quality of this strain is the best, the main cultivar is Hass (Hass) and Guiken series.
The main cultivars of edible avocados at home and abroad (G stands for Guatemalan horticultural species, M stands for Mexican horticultural species), and the data comes from the | Research Progress of Avocados" Ge Yu》
Environmental requirements
Temperature: The most suitable growth temperature is 25 ~ 30 °C, more than 44 °C, the leaves are easy to be burned, and the high temperature in the young fruit stage will also cause fruit fall. The cold resistance of individual strains is different, roughly the Mexican > Guatemalan > West Indies, generally speaking, the Guatemalan -2 °C will have frost damage, late-ripening varieties such as Haas, before fruit picking encounter low temperature frost weather, the fruit is susceptible to frost shedding.
Moisture: In areas where the annual rainfall is generally above 1000mm and the distribution of the rainy season is relatively uniform, the avocado can grow normally.
Light: more resistant to shade, not tolerant to the sun exposure, but after hanging fruit needs to have certain light conditions, to help into flowers and puffed fruit.
Soil: It is not suitable for growing in areas with high soil salinity, poor soil and low water level, this environment will cause root rot, root oxygen demand is high, soil oxygen content needs to reach more than 17% of the total volume of soil air, and pH value is between 5 and 7.
Development prospects and risk points
Prospects: Avocado has high nutritional value, is a high-grade fruit, strong demand for fresh food at home and abroad, the demand for the processing market has not been deeply excavated, coupled with the lack of domestic production capacity, you can consider the appropriate development.
Risk points: (1) Although the avocado has been hot in The country in recent years, it is not excluded that some consumers are holding the mentality of trying it out, and in the later stage or subject to dietary habits and deheating and cooling; (2) although the foreign market is relatively mature, but the domestic avocado planting is still in the promotion stage, the fruit is lacking, and the market competition is insufficient; (3) the heat of a fruit product will generally attract a large number of people to plant, and after large-scale follow-up, I am afraid that it is a chicken feather.
<h1>Introduction to avocado cultivation techniques</h1>
Establishment of the park
Orchards should be built on low hilly slopes with good drainage, deep soil, low water table and no typhoons.
Colonization
Reasonable dense planting, favorable for windproof, but also shade, plant row spacing to 5m× 6 ~ 7m is appropriate, variety mixed planting can ensure pollination, but also can extend the supply period of fresh fruit.
Generally, spring planting is suitable for March to April, and autumn planting should be from October to November. Before colonization, apply 30 to 40 kg of soil fertilizer, 1.5 to 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer and cake fertilizer, and make the root system naturally stretch when colonizing, so that the root system is in full contact with the soil; after colonization, water the root water or thin sea spirit biological stimulant.
Pay attention to the cover of the tree tray, which can increase the organic matter of the topsoil, form a rain forest rhizosphere environment similar to the place of origin, stabilize the rhizosphere ecological conditions, and promote the reproduction of microorganisms that can inhibit the activity of root rot.
Shaping trimming
Young trees: 80 ~ 100cm when the fixed dry, when the new shoots are withdrawn after the selection of 2 to 3 evenly distributed, robust branches of the main branch, the main branch after 100cm short to promote branching, cultivate a good tree type, pay attention to the removal of drooping branches, long branches and shade branches.
Fruit trees: mainly light shearing, mainly cutting off diseased and insect branches, drooping weak branches, overlapping shaded branches and dry dead branches. The tree body is well ventilated and light-transmitting, which is conducive to flowering and fruiting.
Fertilizer water management
Young trees: generally do not fertilize within 2 months of initial colonization, seedling growth is weak and can be thinly drenched with sea elf biological irritants, etc., to promote root growth and alleviate the decline; after the emergence of new leaves, thin water fertilizer can be started, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, colonization is recommended to drizzle 2 to 3 times organic fertilizer such as peanut bran, sea elf biological stimulant, etc.; increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before wintering. In the 2nd to 3rd year, appropriately increase fertilizer water input, in addition to nitrogen fertilizer should also be equipped with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, once every 2 months, fertilizer should not be too close to the root and hurt the root.
Fruit trees: about 4 times a year, the main fertilizer, respectively postharvest fertilizer, pre-flower fertilizer, flower fertilizer, stable fruit fertilizer. Post-harvest fertilizer is mainly composed of decomposing organic fertilizer, with calcium superphosphate and medium and micro fertilizer; pre-flower fertilizer, pay attention to supplementing phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc, magnesium and other elements; flower fertilizer, at this time, some nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately used to make up for the consumption of flowering period; strong fruit fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, pay attention to supplementing calcium, magnesium and other trace elements, and varieties with long fruit periods can be applied in batches.
The most water-sensitive periods of avocado are the flower bud differentiation period, the flowering and leaf change period and the fruit expansion period, which cannot be dehydrated. In addition, in the rainy season, orchard drainage work should be done well, and soil water damages the root system and induces root rot.
Pest control
Diseases: root rot, stem ulcer disease, anthrax, scab disease, rotifer wilt disease, etc.
Insect pests: reticulated bugs, blind bugs, thrips, pear leopard beetle moths, mesozoans, lepidoptera larvae, etc.
Root rot is frequent, it is necessary to focus on the prevention and treatment, pay attention to soil moisture management, select resistant rootstock, apply biological irritants, increase bacterial fertilizer, etc. to reduce its occurrence, and can be treated with irrigation such as methyl frost xyrrheptin, copper complexa, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and so on.
Other diseases and insect pests should be prevented mainly, and the prevention and control should be carried out in the appropriate period, and the specific control methods can be found in other professional materials.
This article is written and sorted by the agricultural assistant team, please be sure to indicate the source of the agricultural assistant, and do not modify the content of the article, the modification must be investigated!
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