Fragments of green cloud-patterned bowls of the Qing Kangxi Yellow Land unearthed from the Yuanmingyuan Yuanyuan Collection
Fragments of the Qing Kangxi Yellow Land Green Cloud Pattern Bowl, with white glaze on the inside, the outer wall is painted with green color "壬" shaped cloud patterns on the outside, and the deformed lotus petal pattern is painted near the bottom for a week. The circle foot is glazed with white glaze, and the six-character calligraphy in the blue and white double circle is "The Great Qing Kangxi Year System". The glaze is thick and moist, and the color glaze is bright and even. The ornamental layout is dense and orderly, and the lines are slightly prominent, with a three-dimensional sense. In addition, fragments of purple cloud-patterned bowls with the same ornamentation and vessel shape as those of the Qing Kangxi GreenLand were also unearthed.
Fragments of Qing Kangxi yellow glaze darkly engraved dragon-patterned bowls excavated from the Yuanmingyuan Yuanyuan Collection
Qing Kangxi yellow glaze dark carved dragon pattern bowl fragments, yellow glaze inside and outside, the bowl heart is darkly carved with pearl dragon pattern, the outer wall near the bottom of the dark carved a week of lotus petals, other parts of the mutilation. The white glaze inside the circle foot, the blue and white double circle six-character calligraphy model "Great Qing Kangxi Year System". The tire quality is fine white and meticulous, the glaze layer is crystal clear, and the dark engraving pattern is clearly visible through the glaze layer. Yellow glaze throughout and decorated with a five-clawed dragon pattern, highlighting the majesty and richness of the royal style.
Qing Kangxi yellow glaze dark mite pattern double dragon ear holder unearthed from the Yuanmingyuan
Cup fragments Yuanmingyuan collection
Qing Kangxi yellow glaze dark mite pattern double dragon ear cup fragment, composed of two parts: ear cup and tray. The ear cups are white and yellow on the outside, and the abdomen is decorated with a molded dragon pattern, and there is a dragon-shaped ear on each side. Tray skimmer, shallow wall, circle foot, circular groove in the center, and a raised circumference to secure the ear cups. Along the inner dark carved sea water edge decoration, the inner heart is secretly engraved with double dragon play beads, and the outer wall is secretly carved with dragon patterns. Inside the white glaze at the bottom of the saucer and ear cups are blue and white double-circled six-character letters in letters "Great Qing Kangxi Year System". The record of this cup in the "Drinking Liuzhai Porcelain" says: "The cup of both ears, there are squares and circles. Kang kiln egg yellow intaglio dark flower, ear as a dragon shape, is the imperial kiln also. "The Palace Museum in Beijing has a complete vessel.
Qing Kangxi yellow glaze dark mite pattern double dragon ear cup
Collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing
Quoted from "Selected Porcelain of the Qing Dynasty". Forbidden City Press, 1994
Fragments of Qing Kangxi blue glazed lotus petal bowls unearthed from the Yuanmingyuan Yuanmingyuan collection
Fragments of qing kangxi blue glazed lotus petal bowl, fragments are relatively complete, the shape of the instrument is open, shallow abdomen, small circle foot. The carcass is white and delicate, and the inside and outside are glazed, lustrous and clear, the luster is soft and transparent, and it has a texture like glass. The outer wall is engraved with double lotus petals, arranged radially from the foot to the bottom of the mouth. The lotus petals are long, straight and powerful, and full of three-dimensional feeling. White glaze is applied inside the circle foot, and the six-character calligraphy inside the blue and white double circle is "Great Qing Kangxi Year System". The regular shape, elegant ornamentation and fresh glaze color are integrated, like a green lotus that "comes out of the mud without staining", which embodies the aesthetic taste of "natural nature" in traditional Chinese culture.
Figure 2 Qianlong Qingqianlong blue glazed cloud dragon pattern red fragment after restoration of the Yuanmingyuan collection
Figure 1 Fragment of Qianlong blue glazed cloud dragon pattern red unearthed from the Yuanmingyuan
The Qianlong Qinglong blue glazed cloud dragon pattern cylinder was originally broken into more than 90 pieces (Figure 1), and was basically intact after restoration (Figure 2). A blue glaze is applied throughout. Round mouth introverted, full shoulders and bulging abdomen, near the foot gradually, flat bottom. There is a ruyi cloud pattern on the edge of the outer wall near the mouth, and the main body is decorated with a seawater cloud dragon pattern. Above the waves and waves, the majestic and mighty dragon soared through the clouds. Bottom foot blue and white six-character seal book "Qianlong year system of the Great Qing Dynasty". The convex and concave undulations of the pattern change the thickness of the glaze layer, and after firing, the single glaze color produces a change in the depth and lightness of the layer, which increases the three-dimensional sense of the ornament. The dragon pattern is now hidden in the moist glaze layer, which contrasts with the mystery that people have given to the dragon. The shape, glaze color, and ornamentation are all excellent, and it is a fine product among the great utensils of the Qianlong Dynasty.
The Yuanmingyuan contains the Qianlong White Porcelain Elephant unearthed from the Scripture Hall
Fragments of qing Kangxi tiger skin three-color glazed bowl excavated from the Yuanmingyuan Yuanmingyuan collection
The White Porcelain Elephant of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty shapes the white porcelain elephant at a downward viewing angle. The tusks are protruding forward, the trunk is mostly hidden in the tusks, and the eyes are slender. One of the elephant ears is delicate, one is simple, and the large ear is carved with leaf vein-like decoration. The rounded and strong body, thick and lovely form, jumped in front of the eyes. Delicate elephant skin texture and brocade on the top of the head are depicted for a sense of realism and three-dimensionality. The top of the head and the eyeballs were supposed to be inlays, but they were unearthed. White porcelain is a mosaic component of furniture or eaves decoration. "Taiping has an image" is a symbol of human beings and virtues. From the ornate decoration of the head of the white elephant, it can be seen that this porcelain elephant is an image of the Qing Dynasty's halogen ceremony that stood in the court meeting.
Fragments of qing kangxi tiger skin three-color glazed bowl, carcass is light and thin, fine white and firm. Inside and out are full of glaze, yellow, green, purple, white and other irregular patches infiltrate each other, mottled and scattered, like tiger skin. The glaze is bright, the glaze is crystal clear, the three colors are gorgeous, and the patches are naturally haloed. White glaze inside the circle foot, blue and white Inside the double circle, the six-character letter "Great Qing Kangxi Year System". Tiger skin sancai is an unprecedented variety of Kangxi Su sancai porcelain. "Zaoya" says: "The three colors of eggplant, yellow, and green are haloed into colorful spots, and tiger skin spots are also."
Fragments of the Qing Kangxi Qinghua Colorful December Flower Cup unearthed from the Yuanmingyuan
Yuanmingyuan Collection
Although the fragments of the Qing Kangxi Qinghua Colorful December Flower Cup have become fragments, according to the analysis of the ornamentation and the inscription, it should have been a complete set of twelve. The outer walls are decorated with blue and white five-colored paintings to represent the seasonal flowers of twelve months. Next to it, a two-sentence five-word or seven-word poem is inscribed with a blue flower according to the meaning of the flower. The fragments are as thin as paper, and the glaze layer is crystal clear like jade. On the white plain ground, some branches, rocks and skins are first painted with blue and white flowers, and then the trunks and various flowers and animals are painted with red, green, yellow, purple, black and other colored glazes. The December Flower Pattern Cup, also known as the "December Flower God Cup," is a famous product of the Kangxi Imperial Kiln, and "Kuya" has a commentary: "Kang Xi's December Flower Cup, one cup and one flower, there are blue flowers, there are colorful, the texture is very thin, and the baht is light." The Henan Provincial Museum has a complete instrument that can be compared.
Fragments of a peony bowl of Qing Kangxi Doucai pheasant chicken
Fragment of the Peony Pattern Bowl of Qing Kangxi Doucai Pheasant, and the outer wall of the fragment is painted with flowers and birds in buckets. Two ornately feathered pheasants stand tall on the rocks, and a pair of round-bellied, short-necked birds fly up and down. It is surrounded by flowers such as peonies and magnolias. Circle foot white glazed blue and white double circle inside the six-character letter style "Great Qing Kangxi Year System". Combined with underglaze blue flowers, glazed red and glaze color, the colors are bright and the painting is realistic, reaching the artistic conception of flowers and birds. The Palace Museum in Beijing has a complete collection of complete vessels.
Fragments of the Qing Kangxi Doucai Tuanlong pattern cup, the inner wall is glazed with white glaze, and the outer wall is painted with flexible and changeable tuan-shaped dragon patterns. The dragon's mouth spits out the passion lotus, the dragon's head, and the dragon's claw are realistic, turning into rolled branches from the front foot. The dragon is a strange animal in ancient legends, resembling a dragon, with a lotus flower in its mouth, two wings, and a front foot without a hind foot. The dragons are painted with flowers and grass patterns corresponding to each other. The ornamentation is solemn and elegant, and the color is plain and elegant. The bottom circle foot is glazed with white glaze, blue and white double
The six-character calligraphy in the circle is "Great Qing Kangxi Year System".
Qingqianlong imitated the brother kiln elephant chess pieces, the tire color was gray and black, the glaze color was blue gray, and there were irregular small fragments of the open pieces on the surface, reproducing the quaint tire glaze characteristics of the Song Ge kiln and the wonderful opening decoration. The word "bing" is written in red on the front. There are small nail marks on the bottom. This is both a practical instrument and a craft item to be played on the desk. Unfortunately only one remains. Ge kiln is one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the style of Bogu prevailed, and the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties devoted themselves to the imitation of ancient porcelain glaze colors. Qianlong advocates "teaching the ancient instead of mud, imitating the old without forgetting the new"; although the Porcelain and song dynasties are charming, they also have a distinct style of the times. The Palace Museum in Beijing houses a similar set of Qianlong imitation kiln chess.
Fragments of the Golden Falun depicted in pastel paintings of the Qianlong Pastel unearthed in the Yuanmingyuan The Yuanmingyuan collection
Qingqianlong pastel depicts fragments of a golden Falun, and the wheel imitates the shape of a falun with copper gilded gems. The two pastel fragments depicting the golden Falun are hollow sculptures with double-sided symmetry. The glazed shape of the central axle is a treasure phase flower, which is connected to the wheel wall by a hollow diamond-shaped spoke. The walls are decorated with a raised curly grass pattern, and the edges are embellished with small beaded patterns. The whole body is applied with gold color, imitating the effect of copper gilding, and the ornamentation also seems to be made of hammering. It also specially imitates the inlay effect of ruby, sapphire and turquoise with rich color materials, which is richly decorated and has a realistic texture.
There are many shrines and Buddhist halls in the Yuanmingyuan, and the Qing Emperor often held activities here to worship ancestral gods and pray for blessings and disaster relief, and many of the various offerings, sacrifice vessels, and even idols of gods were also made of porcelain. The Qianlong Dynasty began firing three-dimensional single porcelain eight auspicious as offerings in the Buddhist hall. The Falun is a weapon of ancient India and one of the eight auspicious instruments of Tibetan Buddhist tantra. Tibetan Buddhism enshrines the wheel of Dharma, symbolizing the immortality of the Dharma, spinning like a wheel of Dharma, and indestructible. The Palace Museum in Beijing has a complete vessel.
Qingqianlong imitates vermilion lacquer chrysanthemum petal disc fragments, the disc is round, and the fine chrysanthemum petals are evenly distributed and arranged in a regular arrangement. The inner and outer walls and the center of the plate glaze imitate vermilion lacquer. Pan Xin with the golden color book Qianlong Yong out of the lacquerware seven words and laws of a poem. The outer bottom of the dish is glazed with black glaze, imitating the effect of black paint on the bottom of the disc, and most of it is now dark brown. At the bottom of the plate is the golden color book three vertical row "Great Qing Qianlong Antique" six-character calligraphy. The shape and glaze color are compared with the birth of the Qianlong period Vermilion lacquer chrysanthemum petal plate, which can be almost chaotic, showing the Qianlong bionic porcelain "Sudden view is not like porcelain, carefully discerning the glaze changes, and the magic is also the qi Chengde Mountain Resort Museum has a complete vessel."
The building of the Yuanmingyuan in the heyday is not only unique in appearance, but also the interior decoration is also very luxurious, even the details such as walls and floors are also perfect, and the floor is not only paved with gold bricks with excellent texture, but also porcelain floor tiles of different glaze colors in some buildings. The buildings have long since been destroyed, and the tiles on these floors are still shiny. At present, there are one kind of blue and white and pastel tiles of the same size and shape.
Pictured: 1 Yuanmingyuan Siyongzhai excavated from the Qing Dynasty Qianlong Qing ■ Hua Eight
Auspicious tiles
Yuanmingyuan Collection
Figure: 2 blue and white eight auspicious pattern tile excavations
Qingqianlong blue and white eight auspicious tiles, shaped like a square box, are supported by several porcelain strips to increase the load-bearing capacity of the brick surface. There are two small round holes in each of the four walls to facilitate the temperature permeability when burning. The front side is decorated with blue and white glaze, and the four sides and back are unglazed. The glaze is white and the tire quality is firm. In the center of the front is four bats surrounded by a "swastika", and on the periphery is a circle of ruyi cloud patterns, which means "all blessings and wishes". The four sides of the painted knot with eight auspicious patterns. The bricks here are the same as the porcelain floor tiles laid in the Sanxi Hall and the Bilin Hall of the Forbidden City.
Qingqianlong pastel pattern porcelain floor tile fragments, excavated when the front of the tile is many defects, according to the remaining parts, the porcelain bricks with light blue glaze as the ground, painted with a variety of colors lotus, chrysanthemums and other folded branches of the pattern, with a dry color pastel rich and gorgeous characteristics.
Pastel floral pattern porcelain floor tile excavation
On the basis of the three thousand years of kiln fire refining, the Imperial Kiln porcelain of the Qing Dynasty reached the extreme in the three generations of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. The Yuanmingyuan collection began in the late Kangxi Dynasty and flourished during the Qianlong Dynasty. Due to the decorative and practical nature of porcelain, the porcelain in the Yuanmingyuan at its peak is more abundant than other textured utensils, with colorful glazes and a variety of shapes, or daily use, or furnishings, or entertainment, or sacrifice. Both the grade and quantity of furnishings and daily utensils ranked first among the palaces of the Qing Dynasty, comparable to the Forbidden City in the Inner Court, as can be seen from these excavated porcelain fragments.