If your child's urine is dark, foam is so much that even water can't be washed clean, and it is accompanied by symptoms such as slow growth, be careful of chronic kidney disease. The reporter learned at the recent "With cute children, transparent life" large-scale World Kidney Day public welfare activities learned that compared with adult chronic kidney disease, children's chronic kidney disease is mostly congenital causes, pediatric and kidney experts remind that if the child is found to have congenital renal urinary system malformations in the womb, it is necessary to actively carry out urine screening after birth, early prevention and early treatment, so as not to eventually develop into uremia.
Children who develop these symptoms should be concerned
This event is a public welfare activity initiated by Fresenius Medical with its famous "Kidney Superman" and many hospitals in many places. The event was held in many hospitals across the country, and invited nephrology and pediatric related medical staff to popularize the relevant knowledge and prevention methods of chronic kidney disease.
According to the 2012 China Epidemiological Survey, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in adults in China is as high as 10.8%, and the number of people affected is about 130 million. It is worth noting that more than 2 million of the more than 300 million children in the mainland have kidney disease, and chronic kidney failure is increasing at a rate of 13% per year. "In fact, many adult patients also start to have the disease from childhood, but they are not aware of it, and eventually the disease is very serious when it is found, so it is very necessary to screen from childhood." Zhang Jun, chief physician of the Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, said that a considerable number of pediatric patients are chronic kidney disease caused by congenital factors, and a high proportion has entered the stage of renal failure, if abnormalities are found in the uterus in the early fetal period, an early screening should be carried out after the fetus is born, such as urine screening, once diagnosed, it can be intervened as soon as possible, from diet or other aspects of complication prevention and treatment, to avoid him from the end of chronic kidney disease - uremia.
Zhang Jun, chief physician of the Department of Nephrology, Pearl River Hospital, Southern Medical University
So what are the symptoms of a child that may be a sign of chronic kidney disease? Sun Liangzhong, director of the Department of Pediatrics of Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University, gave the answer: First, growth retardation. Some children seem to be in good physical condition, not short stature, but not tall; second, changes in urine. This is also the most intuitive, if parents find that there is a lot of foam in the child's urine, so much that it cannot be washed with water, it needs attention. Third, white urine marks. Some parents who are very careful may find that after the child's urine is dried, there will be white things on the ground, which is obvious abnormality. Fourth, the color of the urine. If the color of the urine is very dark, it is also abnormal.
Sun Liangzhong, chief physician of the Department of Pediatrics, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University
"In fact, the anemia of children also needs the attention of parents." Yang Fang, director of the Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, pointed out that anemia and kidney disease are closely linked, and patients with serious anemia should also quickly check the urine to see if there is chronic kidney disease. "Many parents who find that their children are not long may first go to see the nutrition department, growth and development department, health care department, and here also remind these doctors that they can actually test their children with a urine test and do a B ultrasound, so that some children with chronic kidney disease can be found earlier." Yang Fang reminded that because children's chronic kidney disease is still hereditary and congenital, children with a family history of chronic kidney disease should also pay attention to screening.
Yang Fang, Director of the Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
Doing so can slow the premature arrival of uremia
How to delay the progression of slow nephropathy from the first stage to the end stage? Director Zhang Jun believes that children have more congenital kidney disease, once it is found that the child has congenital renal urinary system malformations, it should be controlled from the diet and reduce the nephrotoxicity of the drug in the future when he is sick, Zhang Jun also stressed the importance of regular follow-up, "can not wait until the disease develops very seriously, the entire kidney is necrotic, there is no function and then go to surgery, earlier detection, earlier intervention in this part of the patient, you can save the kidneys." In addition, for some urinary tract infections, do not let go easily, be sure to see if there is any structural abnormality behind it. ”
Tang Xun, deputy director of the Department of Nephrology at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, stressed that early intervention in chronic kidney disease can reduce the risk of developing kidney disease to 80% in the affected population. She recommends screening patients with diabetes, hypertension, excessive obesity, hyperuric acid and kidney stones, if there is no evidence found, at least 3 to 6 months for these high-risk groups to carry out a urine test and other kidney function examinations, if chronic kidney disease has been diagnosed, early prevention and intervention is very important, to maintain regular, healthy living habits, quit smoking and alcohol, do not stay up late, to strictly control blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipids, and weight.
Tang Xun, deputy director of the Department of Nephrology, Pearl River Hospital, Southern Medical University
Under the epidemic, home diarrhea has advantages
The reporter learned from the meeting that patients with end-stage kidney disease can choose kidney replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplantation. In addition, with the continuous maturity of kidney replacement therapy technology, more and more patients choose flexible and convenient home dialysis, and arrange dialysis treatment according to daily life habits. To this end, experts remind that as a parent of children, enhancing basic nephrology-related health cognition and knowledge reserves can better help children.
"Under the COVID-19 pandemic, peritoneal dialysis is a great advantage because it can be done at home, which reduces traffic restrictions and avoids cross-infection caused by traveling to and from hospitals during the epidemic." Tang Xun said that the current APD machine (automated peritoneal dialysis machine) has been operated from a simple machine to the form of "Internet +". It can automatically upload the patient's dialysis treatment data to the hospital's monitoring platform, and the medical staff can see the patient's treatment and adjust the patient's treatment prescription directly online. "Using the APD machine, patients can go to bed at night, get off the machine after getting up, and go to school and work as usual during the day and re-enter society."
For children undergoing peritoneal dialysis at home, what should parents pay attention to in nursing? Yang Qixuan, chief nurse of the Department of Nephrology of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, believes that for home dialysis treatment, it is very important to ensure standardized operation and adhere to standard procedures. At the same time, we must do a good job of self-prevention and self-control, and wash our hands and ventilate frequently at home. In addition, the child's diet is also very important, especially boys with kidney disease to supplement with sufficient protein, at least more than half is high-quality protein, such as lean meat, eggs, milk and so on. Of course, it is also necessary to maintain some moderate exercise, and work and rest should be healthy to avoid fatigue. Finally, it should be reminded that if there is an unwell situation, you should seek the help of medical personnel as soon as possible.
Yang Qixuan, chief nurse of the Department of Nephrology, Pearl River Hospital, Southern Medical University
Written by: Nandu reporter Zeng Wenqiong
Intern: Tang Jingyang