As an outstanding researcher of classical poetry, Mr. Ye Jiaying has been teaching for decades mainly male works, and rarely involves songwriters and their works who are also women. One of the reasons is that women's writing is in a disadvantageous position in traditional Chinese society, so the evaluation of women's works is also limited by the measurement of male works. This situation was broken because Mr. Ye realized in his later years that the volume of works left by ancient female writers was extremely disproportionate to the volume of current research.
Mr. Ye herself is a woman, coupled with such an academic reflection, she realized that women's works can no longer be interpreted in the traditional way, so it may never give a fair judgment, so Mr. Ye began to engage in the study of women's words, began to pay attention to women's words, and paid attention to the problem of word style itself.
Today is March 8th Women's Day, movable type Jun and book friends to share Mr. Ye Jiaying's new work "Xing Yu Wei Yan: The Cultivation of Scholars in Small Words" about the collection of the great success Mr. Shen Zudi and the "don't tune" female lyricist Shuangqing article. As Mr. Ye Jiaying wrote: "Female lyricists from the first works written with their own life blood and tears, to the evolution of male lyrics, from gentleness to boldness, to the awakening and liberation of women's consciousness, and then to the emergence of Mr. Shen, a master of the group, the works are completely like men, 'words of scholars', 'words of poets' and 'words of historians', and the styles are diverse, which is very worthy of our careful reading." ”
[The author is coming] Mr. Ye Jiaying talks about "XingYu Wei Yan"
Ye Jiaying Wen
This article was originally published in "Xingyu Weiyan: The Cultivation of Scholars in Small Words"
Sichuan People's Publishing House, 2021
The greatest integrator Shen Zudi
I really feel that Mr. Shen is a master of our female authors. Mr. Qian Zhonglian wrote "The Record of the Points of the Nearly Hundred Years of Lexicon", he said that Mr. Shen was "the third lady of the earth comet Yizhang Qinghuo", and he had a few comments: "In the past three hundred years, Lin Xia has composed, and Qiu Bo is still lost in his soul." "Three hundred years" refers to the Qing Dynasty, "Linxia" refers to women's works, and at the end of the "Autumn Wave Coming" fashion can make people lose their souls and write so movingly.
By the time of Mr. Shen, I think it was really different. We see the early "lyrics of the word", the man's lyrics are a departure from his poetry. The female word is inherited for her poetry. Starting from the Book of Poetry, the Gu Feng and The Hu in the Book of Poetry are all about the suffering of unfortunate women, and of course there are happy women.
All in all, the woman is writing about her true feelings, and the woman is writing about her own sorrows and joys, her true inner feelings. Words and poems are handed down from a system, but the concepts are different.
When Li Qingzhao thought that some passionate and generous sentences could not be written into those gentle small words, but after going from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, from the "words of the lyrics" to the "words of the poet", with the appearance of Su Xinzhi and then to Xu Can, this concept evolved, so she could write these passionate and generous feelings into it. Qiu Jin emphasized the ideas and consciousness of the female revolution. By the time of Mr. Shen, women and men were almost completely equal in education, work, and research, and she no longer needed to fight for women's equal and independent status like Qiu Jin. Moreover, Mr. Shen is not only a lyricist, but also a scholar, so she is not only a "word of a word person", but also a "word of a scholar".
Left: Portrait of Mr. Shen Zudi in 1946 Right: Portrait of Mr. Shen in 1977
These women have experienced some chaotic deaths, Li Qingzhao has passed through the chaotic death of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, Xu Can has gone through the chaotic death of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and Mr. Shen has also gone through a period of resistance. However, Mr. Shen's words are no longer words like Li Qingzhao's, nor are they words like Xu Can's, and the words she wrote are very worthy of our attention. Mr. Shen once wrote several small words of "Huan Xi Sha", and we take two out of ten. The preface to its "Words of wading in the river" is:
Sima Changqing has a saying: The heart of the family, the bud encompasses the universe. However, if you look at the facilities, if you put them, you will accumulate dust into a thousand, and if you roll them, you will be a mustard seed, and if you cover a big talk, you will have your own stakes. Yu Yuju is depressed, and he cares about carving insects. Every poem that loves the past is subtle, if it is obscure. Because of its system, the second time to hear the ten chapters of the order, see the wisdom of the people, and will be rewarded with high rewards.
Mr. Shen's group of words is very well written. As we all know, the ancient words not only had "lyric words" and "poet words", but at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were so-called "words of endowment", which were written in Bixing Yutuo. The Southern Song Dynasty words of Bixing Yutuo are often written in long tones, such as the "Lefu Supplement" chant "White Lotus", "Lettuce" and "Ambergris" are written in long tones. Mr. Shen used Xiao Ling to write the words of Bixing, which were written very elegantly and very deeply, which was a rare good word. Not only is it a rare good word in women's works, but it is also a rare good word in men's works.
The evolution of words is not only the evolution of words themselves, but also the concept of words. Originally, it was worthless and meaningless, it was originally just "lyric words", but Zhang Huiyan of the Changzhou School in the Qing Dynasty saw bixing changing wind from this small word, and saw that there was such a far-reaching meaning.
Zhou Ji, the successor of the Changzhou School of Words, went further than Zhang Huiyan, and he believed that either only writing about personal sorrows and joys is Bixing sustenance, and the so-called "Bixing sustenance" must be "sent with emotion, but prosperity and decline", and must be related to the country's peril and prosperity, which is a valuable and meaningful work. Zhou Ji also proposed that "poetry has a history, and words also have a history", like Du Fu's poems reflect the chaotic history of the Tianbao years, poetry can reflect history, and words can also reflect history. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, many of the works in the Qing Dynasty reflected the history of the time, so there were so-called "historical words", most of which were works of the early Qing Dynasty; and in the late Qing Dynasty, after the Opium War, the late Qing dynasty poets wrote small words that reflected the rise and fall of the country. So you see, this little word is very wonderful, from the lyrics written for the singer to the lyrics that reflect the rise and fall of the country to record the history of the rise and fall of the country. Mr. Shen saw so many evolutions of the words of the former dynasty, and she experienced the events of the Sino-Japanese War, so she really "has a history of poetry, and words have a history", she really wrote history into small words, and used such a deep Bixing sustenance, such elegant words, to write such beautiful words. Such as its first song:
Lan Xi Sansheng proved the cause of the cause, and the East Sea of the Underworld was dusty. Dragons and birds fanned the heavens. In the month, the mountains and rivers are missing overnight, and the ring in the clouds is smelled several times. The incense of the indigo swept through the thousand springs.
It's very beautifully written, it's really a word, such a hidden depth. What does she write? It is written about history, and it is written about Japan's war of aggression against China. Buddhism talks about the relationship between cause and effect, what cause and effect are sown, "those who want to know the things of the previous life, the recipient of this life, and those who want to know the things of the next life, the one who does it in this life is." If you plant a good cause, you should have a good fruit, if you plant a fragrant and beautiful lan yin, you should get the lan guo, if you have a very good relationship with this person, you should have a happy life.
But how can it be a fruit? Flying fluttering, like that willow, fluttering with the wind, can not be gathered together. Why is it that what is planted is Lan Yin and what is obtained is the fruit? What causes are planted and what results are not obtained? During the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent those students to study in China, and later Japan actually launched a war of aggression against China. The evolution of history, looking back, is really "Lan Xi Sansheng Proof Of Causes"
Japan is in the East, and "dust" is smoke and war dust, and war has risen again. When the Xi'an Incident occurred that year, Chiang Kai-shek originally did not advocate the War of Resistance, and after the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to jointly resist the War with the Communist Party. "Cross fan", the ancient emperor used the cross fan when he went to the dynasty. Du Fu's "Qiu Xing" wrote that "the cloud shifts the pheasant tail to open the palace fan", the emperor sits here first when he goes to the court and waits for the minister, which seems impolite, if the ministers have already stood there and watched the emperor walk over from the platform, this inevitably makes the emperor mortal, it is not mysterious enough, so it is covered with a lot of "pheasant tail", that is, a large fan made of pheasant feathers to cover it, like a barrier, the emperor comes up from behind, waiting for the emperor to sit down, the fan is withdrawn downwards, "the cloud shifts the pheasant tail to open the palace fan, and the sun goes around the dragon scales to recognize the holy face." The two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party embraced a heavenly man, that is, at that time, Chiang Kai-shek was allowed to lead the War of Resistance.
"The mountains and rivers in the moon are missing overnight", there is such a legend, there are some shadows in the moon that are the shadows of the mountains and rivers of the earth, she does not say that the steps of our land are lost, and the rapid defeat at that time is really a city and a city. "How many times will we hear about the beautiful news, the news of the victory of the war on the front line, when will we hear it? This means that the sorrow in our hearts is like a lotus flower, the lotus flower is miserable, we hold the lotus flower and wait, and one day we will win. My teacher, Mr. Gu Sui, also wrote a small poem "Partridge Heaven" in the occupied areas.
Not a newcomer to the cowardly fence, the little red building outside the ten thousand heavy mountains. Self-added sinking water burns the heart seal, and a luo cloth is cold through the body. Tearful eyes, thrush bending, more turning over the old spectrum for the king to see. The Yellow River still has a clarification day, and it is difficult not to believe that it will be difficult to meet each other.
He said, "It's not a new way to stand up for the fence," and I haven't been afraid to go near the railing lately because of timidity. "Ten thousand heavy mountains outside the little red chamber", because I was afraid of seeing the ten thousand heavy mountains outside the little red chamber. "Self-added sinking water burns the heart seal", "sinking water" is a kind of incense, he said that I myself want to preserve my fragrance, my zhijie my feelings are not changed. These are all works from the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, my teacher wrote them in the Occupied Areas, and Mr. Shen wrote them in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Mr. Shen is really "poetry has a history, words also have a history", and such an elegant writing, such a deep concealment, is inherited from the Concept of Word History in the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, Mr. Shen is also very good at using new words. Look at another song called "Huan Xi Sha":
In the moon shadow of the Bizhan Qionglang, a cup of fragrant snow jelly lemon. New songs compete for current empty. The fan is cool and the waves are green, and the neon lights are sparkling and red. I was so sorry I was in a hurry.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, there was a saying circulating: "The front is tight, the rear is tight", how is life in the rear? "In the shadow of the moon in the Bizhan Qiong corridor", in the rear of Chongqing, it is still spending days and drinking, singing and dancing, or corrupt and perverting the law. "A glass of fragrant snow frozen lemon", ice cream was still a very modern thing at that time. "New songs compete to broadcast current and empty", the broadcast is electricity, you see Mr. Shen uses new imagery, new words. "The fan is cool and the waves are green", and the hair is curled like a wave, fluttering under the blowing of the hair dryer. "The neon lights are sparkling wine. At that time, I really regretted it too hurriedly", I just said that Mr. Shen's very elegant and traditional works are better written than Xingyutuo's works, and her new love affairs with new terms are also written so lively and emotionally. Similarly, Mr. Shen has written a lot of things that are not easy to write out just right. There is a poem "Feast Qingdu", whose word order is cloudy:
In April, Yu yi had a tumor in his abdomen and moved from Yazhou to Chengdu for treatment, but he did not recover and the hospital was careless at midnight. The run is endangered, only spared. Qian Fan fang rushed from the hotel to the fire site, found nothing, Xiao Xiao knew that Yu was still there, saw each other and wept, after a dream, it was not without words.
Such a complicated and special affair, Mr. Shen wrote very appropriately. Some people say that we have to write about our current life, unless we don't write words, if we write words, we have to be like a word, some people are realistic, but it really doesn't look like words. Mr. Shen really wrote well!
No sad words. The cloister turns, and the green clouds are deeply separated by Zhuhu. Luo Qiao is more snowy, and the knife is like water, and the plain yarn is lightly protected. Cut the soft intestines by teaching, and cut a wisp of acacia. Even more fighting, inch-by-inch affection, attentive to the soul to live. Confused dream back to the pearl hall, who supports the sick bone, sad to recognize the way back. Smoke across the brocade, Xia Fei painting building, robbery gray red dance. The long street is dark and windy, the green sleeves are thin, and it is difficult to prohibit night dew. Happy dawn window, tearful eyes looking at each other, curtains at first encounter.
This is the hospital, you see she wrote the hospital so beautifully, she said "Luo" is snow white, very elegant, completely the language of words; "and knife" is a scalpel, she used Zhou Bangyan's sentence "and knife like water, Wu salt like snow"; "plain yarn light protection", white silk yarn is so hazy, although she is wrapped in gauze, but the image is very beautiful.
"Cut the soft intestines by teaching, cut a wisp of love", although my intestines are broken, my feelings are still there. "Even more fighting, inch by inch, attentive to the soul to live", because I have so much affection, so this inch of love will keep me.
"Confused dream back to the pearl hall, who supports the sick bone, sad to recognize the way back." Smoke crosses the Jinxie, Xia Fei paints the building, robs the gray red dance", she is written on fire, "smoke horizontal" is thick smoke, "Xia" is a red fire like sunset. "The long street is heavy and windy, the green sleeves are thin, and it is difficult to prevent night dew", she escaped from the ward in the middle of the night.
"Happy dawn window, tearful eyes, curtain first encounter" This sentence is really well written! The next morning, in front of the window, she and Mr. Cheng Qianfan and his wife "looked at each other with tears", opened the curtain and suddenly saw, "the curtain was first encountered", writing so much affection, so like a turn. Mr. Shen is indeed a well-written author, and she writes a very good variety of asanas.
Don't tune in to He Shuangqing
Now I want to talk about a "don't tune" again. We say that these women's lyrics, whether it is Li Qingzhao, whether it is Xu Can, or Mr. Shen Zudi, are very well educated and high intellectuals. Now I want to talk about a "different" female lyricist, a rural woman in the countryside, this woman is a legendary woman, and we still don't know her name, whether there is really this person or not. I thought that this Shuangqing had such a thing, but shi Zhenlin, a Qing dynasty, wrote about the true and false, false and false in the "Xiqing Scattered Records", so people felt that some places in it were fake. However, I think some of them are true, because some of her words and phrases cannot be made by falsification. You said that you can imitate counterfeiting, Su Dongpo is so high in learning, he wrote so many poems of Tao Yuanming, he has the heart to imitate Tao Yuanming, but it is still not like it. With Su Dongpo's high talent imitating Tao Yuanming, but not like Tao Yuanming in the end, I think that words like Shuangqing cannot be imitated.
Shuangqing is a peasant woman, married to a farmer as a wife, "husband evil aunt violence", husband has no education, very rude. Although this woman is not a eunuch's family, different from Li Qingzhao, Xu Can, Qiu Jin, and of course more different from Mr. Shen, how can she write lyrics? Her uncle was a village teacher, and her uncle taught his students every day, and she listened to it. What is good about Shuang Qing is that her senses are very sharp. The advantage of Mr. Shen Zudi is that every word has a history, and Du Fu's poems are also "no word and no place". But Shuangqing, a woman, she barely learned to write words, did not "read ten thousand volumes", may not have a history of words, but she is her own unique, using her own unique language, saying her own words. And look at her "Phoenix Stage Memories blowing flutes to the neighbor's daughter Han Xi".
Every inch of the clouds, the slightest remnant of the light, there is no confusion to extinguish. The soul is broken, and the sparkle is shaking. Looking at the mountains and rivers, people go and faintly detour. From now on, the bitterness is like tonight. Qing Yao, ask the sky should not be, look at the little double Qing, bored. Who to see, who to see, who to be bitter? Who wants to rejoice, steal from the powder, write and write sketches? Who cares, life and death, night and night dynasty.
There is a woman in her neighborhood named Han Xi, this Han Xi is actually illiterate and does not fill in words, but Han Xi appreciates Shuangqing and likes to listen to Shuangqing read words. Later, the neighbor's daughter Han Xi xu hired someone to marry and leave, so Shuangqing no longer had anyone to talk to in the environment of "gu evil husband violence", so she wrote this poem. Reading more than 10,000 volumes has the advantage of reading 10,000 volumes, and not reading 10,000 volumes and completely creating a language that is completely self-made also has the advantage of creating a unique language. "Inch by inch", the faint cloud in the sky, "the slightest remnant", a trace of sunset; "there is no confusion to disappear", there is no allusion, no provenance, it is really well written! Between the light and shadow, there was none, all of a sudden, all of a sudden bright, all of a sudden dimmed. "Breaking the soul of the soul, flashing and shaking", we say "the one who eclipses the soul, only the other is enough" (Jiang Yan), the only female companion she can talk to and sympathize with her is married, "the broken soul is broken", I was originally a broken soul, my broken soul is broken today, how about my broken soul? My broken soul floating in the air was "glittering and shaking". "Looking at the mountains and rivers, people go, hidden and roundabout", go so far, "hidden" is invisible, "circuitous" is so far away. "From now on, it will be sour, only like tonight", since you left today, the sour life is like tonight, and no one will talk to me anymore. "Qingyao, ask the sky should not be", "Qingyao" two words are really the stroke of God, "Qing" is the color of the sky, "remote" is the distance of the sky, you can't see it, the sky you see is "Qingyao", a blue so high and far; "Ask the sky should not be", I want to ask the sky why I am so unfortunate? "Qing Yao, ask the heavens should not, look at the little Shuangqing, Yuanyuan is bored", such a slender, so thin Shuangqing, "Yuanyuan" is her figure, she is so lonely, bored. "Who sees me more, who hurts the flowers", who do I see more, who sees me, who is pitying these flowers and plants like me? "Whoever wants to rejoice, steal the powder, write and write the description", I also hope that someone will be with me, we often do not have a pen and paper, we will wipe the white powder on the face with water and write it on the green leaves. "Who cares, life and death, night and night dynasty", who cares about me anymore, life and death, from night to day.
This article is based on a lecture at Nanjing University in 2003
Bai Jing sorted out
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