Then, in our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, this lesson talks about the three Chinese characters of the "Ge" Department: "靼, 鞼, 鞶". These three Chinese characters are not commonly used in modern Chinese, and the more common word in history books is "Tatar", in which the word "tatar" is used. Because of the habit of morphological characters, "tatar" here is often mispronounced as "dàn", which is a wrong pronunciation. This is one of the key points you need to know about in this lesson. The details of the three words are as follows:
1. Tatar. Read dá. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Tatar, RouGe also." From the leather, from the dan sound. (Ge Qi), ancient Wen Jing from Qi. "There is no word "from" in front of the "Dansheng" in the "Biography of the Interpretation of The Character System". Morphological words. The original meaning is soft leather.
(soft leather)
Duan Yujie's "Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text": "This cloud soft leather is also the soft person of the leather." "Huainanzi Fen": "It is for the sake of jing and more than a thousand miles, shouldering the diligence of Danye." Wang Niansun's "Reading Magazine": "The martingale should be the tatar, the word is from dan, not from the and." "The tassel here refers to soft leather shoes. People made soft leather shoes thousands of miles away, because shoulder-to-shoulder driving was very tiring.
In addition to the original meaning, "tatar" has other uses:
(1) Cure the leather and make it soft. This usage is the same as the word "tanned" mentioned in the previous lesson.
(2) Tatar. Pronounced dádá. Many people reading the word "tatar" are prone to make the mistake of "reading half of the shape of the word", reading it as "dàn", which is actually a transliteration of (Tartars). The ancient Han Chinese collective name for the nomadic peoples in the north was later used as another name for the Mongols. Also refers to one of the ethnic groups of the Russian Federation, mainly distributed in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan).
(Location of Tatarstan)
(3) Leather rope. "Six Books, Animal II": "Tatar, Shuowen: 'Rou Ge Ye.' 'Wei Sheng is called a tassel. We know: "Wei", that is, the leather rope.
In addition, "Tatar" also passes through "怛", which is frightening. Zhu Junsheng's "Speaking of Wen TongXun Dingsheng Cadres": "Tatar, pretending to be a thief." "Zhuangzi Grand Master": "And he has a terrifying form and no damage to the heart, and he has a house and dies mercilessly." Lu Deming explained: "Li Ben is a house, cloud: the appearance of regret." Choi Ben as a tatar house. Tadya, yawn. "Those who have died disturb their own skeletons but do not harm their spirits, just as the spirit is frightened but not the real death of the spirit.
The small seal of "Tatar" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Small seal writing of tatar characters)
2. Hail. There are two pronunciations:
(a) guì. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "鞼, Wei Xiuye, Congge, Guisheng." "Shape sound word. The original meaning is leather with a pattern.
(Leather with pattern)
Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen Family": "ChenKai Press: "Chinese": Punish the misdemeanor, and the shield is a sword, and the embroidery is used as a shield. "Those who commit misdemeanors may atone for their sins with a shovel shield and a halberd. The whip shield here refers to a leather shield with a pattern. "Mozi Jiezhong": "All the people in the world are hundreds of workers, wheelbills and shovels, potters and craftsmen, so that each can do what he can." Bi Yuan's "School Notes": "Leap, Shuowen Yun: Wei Xiuye." ”
In addition to the original meaning, there are other uses of the leap:
(1) Horse reins. "Class Editor Gebu": "Hail, reins also." ”
(2) Strong. Guangya Shiju IV: "Hail, Qiangye." Qian Dazhao's "Shuyi": "The one who is a shovel, Wei Zhiqiang is also." ”
(3) Broken. "Zihui Supplement Gebu": "Leap, fold also." "Huainanzi Yuandao": "Loose but not contradictory, strong but not cloudy." High temptation: "Whip, fold." "Well-connected without being obedient, strong without breaking."
In fact, the two components of "hail" are enough to understand most of its meanings. Because there is a pattern, the cost is high, so "expensive"; because it is strong, the quality is good, so "expensive"; because it is fragile and easy to break, it is "expensive". Therefore, the principle of "leap" also has an element of intentionality.
(ii) huì. This pronunciation comes from "Collection rhymes". Embroidered vesicle. "Ji Yun Team Rhyme": "Hail, embroidered Wei sac." ”
The small seal of "hail" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Small seal of the whip is written)
3. 鞶. Read pán. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "鞶, the big belt also." Yi says: 'Or tin belt.' 'The man wears the sand, and the woman wears the silk. From leather, like sound. Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen System": "To revolution is also for it." Zhu Junsheng's "Sayings of The Passage of Literature and The Precepts of the Sayings" says: "Press the belt two: the large belt is used for the corset, and the su ruosi is used; the leather belt is used for peiyu, and the wei is used." The word from the leather, when the leather belt is positive. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is a large belt (i.e. a belt).
(Belt of the ancients)
"Zuo Chuan Huan Gong 2nd Year": "Algae, rate, whip, whip, 鞛, 鞶, 鞶, Li, You, Miao, Zhao Qi's number also." "Dresses, top hats, sacrificial dresses, large gui, belts, underwear, leggings, wooden shoes, horizontal wood, hat belts, hat pendants, jade belts, etc., should show their strength. "Etiquette And Inner Rules": "Male leather, female silk." This means that the boy's belt is made of leather, indicating that he will engage in bravery when he grows up; the girl's is made of silk, indicating that he will grow up to do the things of female red.
It also refers to the small sac worn by the ancients on the belt to hold the fine objects of the hand towel, called "鞶囊", also a single "鞶". "Ritual Rituals and Rituals": "Night and Night, Seeing the Dragons" The "衿鞶" here refers to the small sac of this kind of possession.
(Cyst)
In addition to the original meaning, "鞶" has other uses:
(1) Horse belly large belt. Zhou Li Chunguan Towel Car: "Xi FanYun. Zheng Xuan's note: "Fan reads like the whip of the belt, which is called the present Ma Da Belt." Duan Yujue's "Han Reading Examination": "The Great People's Belt is called 鞶, so the Ma Da Belt is also called 鞶." ”
(Horse belly belt)
(2) A leather ring tied (leather lead) on the axle. This is actually the meaning that comes from the original yisheng, which is the belt of the car.
The small seal of "鞶" is written as shown in the figure
(Small seal writing)
([Explanation of words] no. 516, some pictures from the Internet)