After Zhu Yuanzhang established Daming, he divided the sons, of which Zhu Di was crowned as the King of Yan to sit in Beiping, and Zhu Yuanzhang's purpose was self-evident. But Zhu Di was not very peaceful, and eventually snatched the throne of his nephew.
Although through Zhu Yuanzhang's several Northern Expeditions, the Mongols split into Tatars, Wala, and Wuliangha, they were still very powerful, often attacking the borders of Daming. Zhu Di, who became emperor, of course, had greater responsibilities, and he was less likely to give up his vigilance against the Mongols in the north. In order to completely solve the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, he had many Northern Expeditions, or even five pro-expeditions, so what was the result of these Northern Expeditions?
Zhu Di had just launched a "Battle of Jingnan" to seize his nephew's throne. In Mongolia, a major event also occurred, the Great Khan of the Mongols was killed by Briat Ugzi, who wanted to get the support of Daming and advocated friendship with Ming, but this caused dissatisfaction among the Mongol tribes. The Mongol eunuch Arutai then killed Ughzi and welcomed back Boerjin Benyauri.
Ben Ya lost li was the great-grandson of Emperor Yuanshun and was a hard-liner, but at this time, Zhu Di sent an emissary to send an envoy, originally Zhu Di wanted to release goodwill, but the emissary was killed, which made Zhu Di resentful.
In this case, Qiu Fu's Northern Expedition began. Qiu Fu was a close confidant of Zhu Di and made great achievements in the Jing Dynasty. In July 1409, Qiu Fu was made the commander-in-chief and the general of the Conquest, leading a 100,000 cavalry expedition to the north, and there were four marquises in the bold army of the Northern Expedition. As a result, Qiu Fu took the enemy lightly, trusted the prisoners' words, did not listen to the advice of the generals, and finally encountered an ambush, and Qiu Fu and the three marquises were killed in battle with Hou Huozhen of An, Wang Zhong of Marquis of Jing'an, and Li Yuan, Marquis of Anping.
This made Zhu Di feel so embarrassed, so the next year, he mobilized half a million troops to personally march, and when he left the division, he found that the Tatar leaders had fled separately, the Khan Ben yali fled west to the Wallab, and the Taishi Arutai fled east. Zhu Di pursued and defeated the Tatar Khan Benjauri and Taishi Arutai on the banks of the ChuNan River and east of Lake Bell, and Benjamin was killed after defecting to Wala, and Arutai sent envoys to pay tribute.
The Tatars had just ceased, and the Wallachians had risen again. Of course, Zhu Di still had self-confidence, so he began the second personal conquest, the Ming army defeated a group of rangers at the mouth of the Three Gorges, and then encountered 30,000 people of the Wallachian army, Zhu Di personally led the iron horse into the enemy position, and the Wallachians fled one after another, and did not dare to attack the border for many years thereafter.
After that, the border was suspended for several years, but the infighting among the Mongol tribes did not stop, and the Tatar Arutai gained the upper hand, began to attack the Ming frontier, and insulted or directly detained Daming's envoys. In 1421, the Tatars invaded the border and killed the Ming commander Wang Xiang, for which Zhu Di decided to carry out the Third Northern Expedition. However, Arutai did not dare to fight with the Ming army and fled directly, and Zhu Di could only return, but also defeated Wuliang Habu with him. Although this time it hit the Tatars to some extent, but with little success.
In 1423, Arutai invaded the border, Zhu Di's fourth personal conquest, Arutai's subordinate Arutai led his troops to surrender to the Ming army, and Arutai was defeated by The Wallachians, but the Ming army still defeated the western Tatar army north of the Yellow River, and the Tatar prince also led the troops to surrender to the Ming, and the Ming army returned to Beijing.
The next year, it was still this Arutai that made another comeback and attacked the big and important town, and the elderly Zhu Di also started the last Northern Expedition. This time, he did not capture Arutai, and did not find anything, so he once again marched eastward to attack Wuliangha, and died of illness when he returned to the division.
Several Northern Expeditions and five pro-expeditions, although Daming has never completely solved the northern border problems, but Zhu Di's behavior is still worthy of affirmation, and does not affect the merits of Ming Chengzu himself.