In 1409, the 7th year of Zhu Di's ascension to the throne, something happened on the border of the Ming Dynasty that made him furious: the Mongol Tatars killed the emissary Guo Ji. Ancient China has always had a tradition of not cutting off, even in times of war, not to mention the strong national strength of the Ming Dynasty under Zhu Di, and he would never give up on such a blatantly provocative act of Tatar.
Therefore, Zhu Di prepared to launch a war against the Tatars, this time he did not intend to go up on his own, but appointed Qiu Fu, a hero of the Jing Dynasty and the Duke of Qiguo, as commander and handed him an army of 100,000. Zhu Di did this for two reasons, one was that he believed that the Tatars were weak and did not need to be personally enlisted; second, after many years after the end of the Battle of Jingnan, there were not many old generals who were still alive, and Zhu Di hoped that they would be able to get another chance to make meritorious contributions in their lifetime.
Of course, Zhu Di kept a sober mind, and he specifically instructed Qiu Fu: "Our old brothers fought a lot of battles with the Mongols in Beiping, and they were much weaker than expected, but you can't take the enemy lightly." Unfortunately, Qiu Fu superficially patted his chest and said that he would be doubly careful, but after decades of military service and helping Zhu Di successfully seize the throne, he had long since become blind and did not pay attention to the Mongols at all.
In this way, in Zhu Di's eyes full of expectation, Qiu Fu led 100,000 Ming troops to conquer the Mongolian Tatars. In order to ensure that nothing goes wrong, Zhu Di also specially selected 4 cautious deputy generals to assist Qiu Fu, hoping that at the critical moment, they could prevent Qiu Fu from making mistakes.
The march went more smoothly than expected, and Qiu Fu entered the Mongolian hinterland with 100,000 horses and captured a Mongol official who directly revealed the location of the main Tatar force. Qiu Fu did not have any doubts after hearing this, and immediately led his army forward, hoping to complete his achievements in a battle. On the way, the Ming army encountered several small-scale resistances, but all of them collapsed and fled as soon as they were engaged.
However, everyone who has an understanding of military warfare should know very well that this is a typical strategy for luring the enemy to go deep, and bai qi used this method to lure 450,000 Zhao troops into the encirclement circle and thus won a great victory in Changping. However, Qiu Fu, who had experienced hundreds of battles, was full of dedication, completely ignoring these abnormal situations, blindly rushing forward, no matter how much the four vice generals dissuaded him, he was unwilling to listen.
Sure enough, when Qiu Fu led his army into the Tatar encirclement, under the order of the opposing leader Arutai, countless Mongol cavalry rushed out from all directions, and the 100,000 Ming army could not respond to the end, and was divided into several parts to break through, and finally the whole army was destroyed, and Qiu Fu and 4 deputy generals were killed. This was the most painful defeat of the Ming army in foreign wars since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, before the change of Tumu fort, and everything could have been avoided.