Recently, a TV series called "Daming Fenghua" set off a "viewing frenzy", in the play "Old Zhu Family" several "iron han" fighting wits and courage for us to present a visual feast, in addition, the drama Zhu Di descendants of the three generations of northern conquest of The War Scenes of Mongolian tribes such as Wala, Wuliangha, Tatar and other Mongolian tribes are also a major attraction, many viewers can't help but sigh after watching the TV series: Mongolia's strength is really not to be underestimated!
Indeed, throughout the entire Ming Dynasty, the Mongol ministries have always been a serious problem, even if the Hongwu Emperor attacked the Yuan Capital, after the destruction of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia still had millions of strong soldiers, so why didn't these people fight back to Beijing during the "Battle of Jingnan"?
Let's find out!
The Hongwu Emperor attacked northern Mobei eight times and set the foundation of the Ming Dynasty
According to the "Ming Shilu" record: In 1368 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself emperor in Nanjing, established the Ming Dynasty, and then sent the generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to send troops to the Northern Expedition, and the "Northern Expeditionary Army" went all the way north, breaking through the bamboo, and finally attacked the Yuan Capital, the Yuan Shun Emperor led the people to flee north, and the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed!
Although the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed, it did not completely "cut off its vitality", and after Emperor Yuan Shun fled back to Mongolia, he established the Northern Yuan and supported millions of troops, so Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to the north of the desert eight times after the Western Expedition to attack the Northern Yuan.
The war against the Northern Yuan began in 1368 AD, and two of the eight wars were crucial, one was the "Battle of Liaodong" in 1381 AD, after which Naha, who was stationed at Jinshan, led his troops to surrender, Liaodong was returned to the Ming Dynasty, and the connection between Northern Mongolia and Goryeo was also blocked.
The other time was the "Battle of the Fishing Sea" that broke out in 1388 AD, after which the "golden family" of Mongolia, the Kublai Khan family, lost its supreme position, and the Mongol tribes "were leaderless" and began to fall apart, going their own way, and their strength was greatly weakened!
After understanding Zhu Yuanzhang's military actions against the Mongols, let's look at why the Northern Yuan did not take advantage of the "Battle of Jing" to attack.
The outbreak of the "Battle of Jingnan"
In 1398, the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang died, the crown prince Zhu Biao died early, and was succeeded by the emperor's grandson Zhu Yunjiao, who was succeeded by Emperor Jianwen, who began to cut the domain in order to strengthen the centralization of power after Emperor Jianwen succeeded to the throne, and the various princes of the domain were deposed one after another, which deepened the contradiction between the king of the domain and the emperor of Jianwen.
In the first year of Jianwen, Zhu Di, the King of Yan, rebelled under the slogan of "Qing Jun's Side, JingGuo Difficulty", known in history as the "Battle of Jing Difficulty", Zhu Di's old strategizing and lying dormant for a long time, Zhu Yunjiao's seniority was still shallow and lacked strategy, and it was soon difficult to resist.
In 1402, Zhu Di led an army to attack Nanjing, ascended the throne as emperor, and changed his era name to "Yongle" for Emperor Taizong of Ming.
According to the "Those Things of the Ming Dynasty", this coup lasted for four years, during which the war continued, the internal friction was not stopped, affecting the entire north and east China, and the repeated tug-of-war caused great damage to the social economy north of the Huai River, which was a good time for the Northern Yuan to fight back to Beijing, but the expected "Northern Yuan counterattack" did not appear, for two reasons:
First, Zhu Yuanzhang used troops against northern Mobei eight times, which greatly weakened the strength of northern Yuan, especially after the "Battle of Yu'erhai", all parts of Mongolia fell apart, went their own way, had frequent contradictions with each other, attacked each other, and it was difficult to gather together to launch an effective counteroffensive against the Ming Dynasty.
Second: Zhu Yuanzhang's use of troops against the Northern Yuan caused the "Walla" to take the opportunity to rise up and compete with the Tatars, here is a point of knowledge for everyone, according to the "History of Ming": the Ming Dynasty will genghis Khan's northern Yuan regime and the eastern steppe tribes of the Mongolian plateau under his rule collectively called the Tatars, the tribes in the western part of the Mongolian plateau called the Wallachians, the Tatars and the Wallachians had confronted each other, the Tatars and the Wallachians were constantly weakening under the attack of the Ming Dynasty, and the strength of the Tatars was constantly weakening, and the Wara took advantage of the growth of the Ming Dynasty, the two sides fought non-stop, and the Northern Yuan still had extra energy to counterattack Beijing!
It can be seen from this that the reason why Beiyuan did not counterattack Beijing during the "Battle of Jingnan" was not that he did not want to, but that he could not, and the root cause was Zhu Yuanzhang's military action against Mobei.
After Zhu Di ascended the throne, the name was "Yongle", the martial arts were more prosperous during the Yongle period, the Yongle Emperor personally marched, the five conquests of the desert north, so that the strength of the Mongol departments was greatly damaged, there was no time to counterattack Beijing, it was the large-scale use of troops during the Yongle years, to ensure the stability of the two dynasties during the Hongxi years and the Xuande years, Ming Renzong Zhu Gaozi and Ming Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji worked hard to govern, rested with the people, so that the Ming Dynasty's national strength developed rapidly during this period, creating a prosperous era of "the rule of Ren Xuan"!
brief summary:
Although both the Hongwu Emperor and the Yongle Emperor used large-scale troops against the north of the desert, making it difficult for the Mongol departments to go south, but throughout the entire Ming Dynasty, Mongolia was always a serious problem, even if it was a temporary submission, it was also "oral disobedience", always harboring evil intentions, plotting revenge, and recreating the glory of the Yuan Dynasty.
It was Mongolia's wolf ambitions that finally triggered the "Tumu Fort Change", after which the Ming Dynasty's national strength turned from prosperity to decline, stagnated, and slowly came to the end!
References: "Ming Dynasty", "Ming Shilu", "History of Ming"