Sister Jiang's lover Peng Yongwu: When searching for his body in the 1960s, a red snake was found
Perhaps the only thing we can do about martyrs is to better remember them and let them live in people's hearts forever for generations to come. This is our respect for the martyrs, our compensation for the martyrs, what we should do, and what we must do.
Peng Yongwu, born in 1915 in yunyang County, Chongqing, was married to Jiang Zhujun in 1945 during an underground struggle. In 1948, he was killed in battle when he was a member of the Provisional Committee of Chuandong and deputy secretary of the Xiachuandong Prefectural Committee, and Jiang Zhujun took over his work. Formerly known as Peng Qingbang, he is the prototype of Peng Songtao in the novel "Red Rock" and the lover of Sister Jiang.
Peng Yongwu was born in a poor peasant family, his father died when he was very young, his mother widow pulled a doll is not easy, with hard work, thrifty sent him to the primary school in his hometown to study, he is very sensible, immersed in hard reading, good grades, the villagers also said that he is a good child, will definitely have a career in the future.
1. Look for Party organizations
In the autumn of 1931, peng Yongwu was 16 years old, admitted to Yunyang County Middle School, under the influence of the school's teachers, began to contact and accept progressive books and ideas, actively participated in the anti-Japanese salvation movement, boycotted Japanese goods, questioned the reactionary authorities, and did not expect to be expelled from the school. How can a good child not go to school? The mother had no way to go to her grandmother, and the grandmother begged for someone everywhere, and the school reluctantly agreed to let Peng Yongwu return to school to continue her studies. However, Peng Yongwu still refused to give up the pursuit of progress, on the one hand, he publicized the truth of resisting Japan and saving the country to his classmates, and on the other hand, he actively sought out party organizations.
In the autumn of 1937, Peng Yongwu was 22 years old and was admitted to the Liwan County Normal School in Sichuan Province. At that time, the progressive atmosphere of wanxian normal school was very active, and Peng Yongwu joined the "Reading Club", "Anti-Japanese Support Association" and other progressive organizations, actively participated in the anti-Japanese rescue activities, and at the end of the same year, joined the "Chinese National Liberation Vanguard". In October 1938, Peng Yongwu joined the Communist Party of China, truly embarked on the road of revolution, and successively served as the general secretary of the branch of the Provincial Wanxian Normal School of the Communist Party of China.
In 1940, the Kuomintang reactionaries set off an anti-communist upsurge, and the Kuomintang reactionaries arrested many Communists and progressive students at Wanxian Normal School for a time. Under such circumstances, the party organization decided that Peng Yongwu would leave Wanxian Normal School and return to Yunyang, where he would serve as secretary of the Yunyang Central County CPC Committee and deputy secretary of the Yunyang County CPC Committee, secretary of the Yunyang Xiaojiang District CPC Committee, and lead the work of Yunyang (Yang), Feng (Jie) Wu (Xi), and Kai (Jiang).
Since then, on the road between Yunyang, Fengjie and Wuxi, there will always be such a person: sometimes dressed himself as a big businessman, wearing a straight suit; sometimes he disguised himself as a tramp, a shoemaker, a poor teacher, etc., dressed in sills. This person was Peng Yongwu, who shuttled through the rural towns of the three places, constantly changing his name and surname, on the one hand, trying to rescue comrades, on the other hand, preaching the revolutionary principles to the local masses, never caring about personal safety, and also laying the foundation for him to carry out armed struggle in eastern Sichuan in the future.
2. Pretend to be a revolutionary couple
In 1941, Peng Yongwu arrived in Chongqing on the orders of the Chuandong Special Committee and served as a member of the Chongqing Municipal Party Committee, responsible for leading the work of Chongqing's Shaci District and the new urban area. Under the cover of being a clerk in the Kuomintang's Entrustment Bureau's Products Insurance Department, he carried out his work, and in 1943 he and Jiang Zhujun pretended to be husband and wife, and the "small family" they established immediately became a secret organ of the Chongqing Municipal Party Committee and a guidance center for the rectification study of underground party organizations. Peng Yongwu often went to various social occasions, united a large number of progressive people in the industrial and commercial circles, mobilized, educated and encouraged the majority of industrialists and businessmen to unite as one, oppose the four major families, and jointly resist Japan. Jiang Zhujun was Peng Yongwu's assistant, and in addition to assisting Peng Yongwu in his work, he was also responsible for handling party affairs and internal and external liaison work. The deep friendship established in the revolutionary work began to accumulate little by little until 1945, when the two were officially married with the approval of the party organization.
In March 1946, the Southern Bureau decided to establish a new Chongqing Municipal Party Committee, with Peng Yongwu as a member of the Municipal Party Committee and Director of Propaganda, leading the student movement in Chongqing. In April, Jiang Zhujun gave birth to her son Peng Yun at Chengdu Huaxi Hospital, and due to difficult childbirth and the absence of her husband Peng Yongwu, Jiang Zhujun decided to undergo both caesarean section and sterilization at the same time.
In January 1947, students throughout the country set off a patriotic movement to protest the rape and atrocity of shen Chong by the US military, and Peng Yongwu organized students in Chongqing to actively respond to the anti-riot movement, launching teachers and students to strike and strike classes, rescue those arrested, and also set up a peripheral party organization "Liu Yi Society" to organize the activists in the movement to continue to persist in the revolutionary struggle. Jiang Zhujun worked with his children while being responsible for proofreading, sorting, transmitting telegrams and distributing them. In just a few months, the circulation of "Advance Newspaper" reached 1600 copies, which caused great panic among the enemy, and the affectionate title of "Sister Jiang" was also very loud by comrades at this time.
In October 1947, the Chuandong Provisional Working Committee was established, with Peng Yongwu as a member and deputy secretary of the Xiachuandong Working Committee, responsible for the armed struggle in Xiachuandong. In late November, Peng Yongwu and Sister Jiang left their son Peng Yun, who was only more than 1 year old, and both left Chongqing along the east side of the river, passing through Wanxian county to Yunyang Tangxi, and then arriving at Fengjie Qinglian Township. The rushing Jiang Shui remembered the figures of the two revolutionaries, and also remembered the entrustment of Sister Jiang as a mother to her son Peng Yun--before leaving, Sister Jiang wrote to Peng Yongwu's wife Tan Zhenglun and asked Tan Zhenglun to go to Chongqing to take care of the young Peng Yun. After receiving the letter, Tan Zhenglun rushed to Chongqing to raise Peng Yun, and accompanied Peng Yun as a mother when Sister Jiang was not with Peng Yun.
3. The martyr's head is in a different place
After Peng Yongwu arrived in Yunyang, he quickly restored and established the party organization, mobilized the masses, and made preparations for armed struggle; in mid-December, the Chuandong guerrilla feng (jie) da (ning, that is, Wuxi) Wu (shan) detachment of the Chuandong guerrilla group was set up in Tanhua Township, Fengjie County, as the political commissar, and decided to hold an uprising on January 8, 1948 in Yunyang Yun'an Salt Field and Wuxi Daning Salt Field, expanding the armed forces and opening up the Feng, Da, and Wu guerrilla base areas. Although they were detected by the enemy due to leaked information, the guerrillas still won the first battle, destroyed two nearby township offices, captured 2 machine guns, more than 40 rifles, 4 pistols and a number of supplies, and when they returned to Qinglian Township, they beat the Fengjie security team to the point of daze and abandoned their weapons and fled.
Seeing that the guerrillas were in a great way, the Kuomintang reactionaries immediately dispatched regular troops to encircle and suppress them in an attempt to eliminate the guerrillas in the areas of Qinglian, Tanhua, Gongping, and Dazhai in Fengjie. Faced with the situation in which the enemy was outnumbered, Peng Yongwu and other guerrilla leaders decided to move to the outside world to fight. On the afternoon of the 15th, when Peng Yongwu led the guerrillas to move in the direction of Wuxi, due to the unfamiliar road, they were surrounded by the 581st Regiment of the Kuomintang troops who were chasing after them. Peng Yongwu calmly responded to the battle and commanded the guerrillas to break through, but due to the disparity in strength between the enemy and us, he was unfortunately and heroically killed in the Battle of Anzi Mountain in Wuxi on January 16.
After Peng Yongwu's sacrifice, the enemy brutally cut off his head and hung it on the city tower of the Fengjie Bamboo Garden Pingchang to show the public, in a vain attempt to frighten the revolutionary forces. Sister Jiang endured her grief and resolutely took over her husband's work. She told the party organization: "The relationship between this line is only familiar to me, and it is difficult for others to replace it, and I should continue to fight where Old Peng fell." "The local people risked their lives to take off Peng Yongwu's head, but due to the harsh environment, they did not succeed. Therefore, there is also a picture of the later movie "Eternal Life in the Fire" based on the novel "Red Rock": on the upper floor of the Fengjie City Gate in the rain and fog, there are bloody human heads hanging... As a martyr, Peng Yongwu could only be in a different place for more than ten years.
4. Comrades-in-arms are struggling to find
After the founding of New China, the state issued the Certificate of Martyr Peng Yongwu. In 1953, two of Peng Yongwu's comrades-in-arms, Chen Zhunan and Shen Kai, became the leaders of the local local government of Wuxi County and began to use their spare time and winter leisure time to search for the remains of martyrs. The two comrades went deep into the countryside and after visiting many places, they finally got a clue - after Peng Yongwu's sacrifice, his head was hung on the wooden gate of a middle arch bridge in a town near the bamboo park, and then slowly decayed and fell into the paddy dam. An old man named Tao Shipin in the town saw it, and his heart was really too unwilling to go, so one night, he secretly packed the head with a dustpan, and then quietly buried it on the red sand beam behind the town.
When Chen Zhunan and Shen Kai came to him, the old man Tao Shipin was still alive, and under his guidance, Chen Zhunan and Shen Kai quickly found Peng Yongwu's skull and made a special wooden box for the skull, which was installed and buried near the Liang Pagoda in the cattle farm.
However, where is the body of the martyr Peng Yongwu? Chen Zhunan and Shen Kai did not get relevant clues, so they focused on the black ditch area of Anzi Mountain, the sacrificial place of martyr Peng Yongwu, and thus launched a long search for 5 years. In 1958, Chen Zhunan inspected the work in Shuangdian Township around Anzishan, which was in the area where Fengwu bordered. Climbing the Anzi Mountain, Chen Zhunan once again thought of his former comrades-in-arms and was very emotional, and then he came to a family surnamed Yang on the mountain beam. Unexpectedly, the old man surnamed Yang was the one who quietly buried the remains of Peng Yongwu and other martyrs.
Because of the local closure, the old man surnamed Yang initially did not want to pay attention to Chen Zhunan, Chen Zhunan took the initiative to chat with the old man, talk, and pull home, and found that there were still gun holes from the war years behind the door of the old man surnamed Yang, and there were also traces of guns being strafed on the back wall. The sensitivity of the military origin made Chen Zhunan immediately realize that the old man surnamed Yang must know something, perhaps related to the battle that year. In this way, Chen Zhunan stayed behind and took the initiative to talk with the old man, and finally made the old man tell the experience of that year.
It turned out that in the battle of Anzishan that year, because there were traitors informing, the 581st Regiment learned of the guerrillas' transfer route and news in advance, and when the guerrillas arrived at Anzishan, they had laid a large net for the guerrillas, and when the guerrillas approached, they suddenly opened fire, and many people fell down before they could react. During the battle, Peng Yongwu was seriously wounded, and in order not to let the organizational and liaison relations of the comrades he carried with him fall into the hands of the enemy, he quickly took them out, swallowed them in his stomach, and then covered the other guerrillas to break through quickly.
After the gunfire stopped, the old man in hiding walked out of the house, saw the Nationalist army placing two corpses on the edge of a ditch, and told the old man and others very frighteningly that the two bodies were "communist leaders" and that they were not allowed to collect them. The nationalist army not only cut off the corpse's head, but also stripped the corpse's clothes, leaving the corpse bloodied and naked. On the night after the nationalist army left, the old man could not sleep, thinking that he should do a good deed. So, quietly got up, hugged the bundle of corn stalks, wrapped the body up, and buried it happily. Fearing that others would find trouble for themselves after they found out, the old man never told others about it, nor did he admit that he had collected the corpse for the "leader of the Communist Party."
5. The people have not forgotten
Under the leadership of the old man surnamed Yang, Chen Zhunan and others quickly found the place where the martyrs were buried. Everyone began to dig down little by little, but after digging more than a meter deep, the remains of the martyrs were still missing. Chen Zhunan asked the old man if he had misremembered the place, and the old man replied very firmly, saying that he would not remember wrong. Everyone dug down further, and suddenly saw the corn stalks that the old man had wrapped in the remains of the martyrs, and they couldn't help but get excited. It was also at this time that people saw a small red snake, unhurriedly drilled out of the straw, someone was ready to fight, but was stopped by the old man, because according to the locals, the place where the red snake lived is generally buried with bones, which also means auspicious.
Watching the red snake leave, everyone unveiled the straw and saw two headless corpses. One is slightly longer and the other is slightly shorter. Everyone worked together and picked up the two bones one by one and put them into a wooden box prepared in advance to bring them back. However, which skeleton was Peng Yongwu's? Chen Zhunan, Shen Kai, and others, after sufficient information and argumentation work, concluded that Peng Yongwu and a guerrilla named Liu Jingtai had died together that year, and Peng Yongwu was taller, so it was determined that the bones would be slightly longer. A few days later, the remains of the two martyrs were buried in Beimenpo, Fengjie County, Chongqing.
In 1961, the publication of "Red Rock" shocked the people of Fengjie, and the broad masses of the people strongly demanded to pay tribute to the martyr Peng Yongwu. The county party committee accepted the suggestion of the masses and moved the head of the martyr Peng Yongwu to be buried together to comfort the martyr's loyal soul. In 1962, the body and head of the martyr Peng Yongwu were united and they were able to rest in peace. Subsequently, people built a monument for the heroes in Beimenpo, modeled on the Monument to the People's Heroes in Beijing, and inscribed on the monument: "Revolutionary heroes are immortal"
In the 1980s, the county government allocated special funds to repair and expand the martyrs, built a bust bronze statue in front of the tomb of Martyr Peng Yongwu, and also built a gallery to pay respects to the martyrs, preserving some relics of Martyr Peng Yongwu and the inscriptions of well-known personalities, as well as the photos of martyrs. In 2004, because the state built the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, the whole city of Fengjie County was relocated, at this time, people still did not forget the martyr Peng Yongwu, in the center of the Baidi City Scenic Area Yufupu Baotaping, invested 2.6 million yuan to build an area of about 15 acres of "Yongwu Garden" for the martyr Peng Yongwu, and completed the relocation with the martyrs. Since the relocation, some people have been sweeping the tomb of the martyr Peng Yongwu and revisiting the party's oath in front of the martyr's tomb and swearing an oath to the party.
What is even more gratifying is that the "Yi Clan Studies" that martyr Peng Yongwu studied in the primary school was also named after Peng Yongwu Primary School, and while taking "red school establishment, characteristic education" as the school running concept, carrying forward the connotation of the Hongyan spirit of "self-improvement, courage, enterprising, and responsibility", and consistently carrying out patriotic education activities with the theme of "learning the spirit of Hongyan and passing on the red rock to the people". In April 2011, the Fengjie County government approved the renaming of Anzi Village, the sacrificial land of the martyr Peng Yongwu, to Yongwu Village, meticulously building a red town while also striving to trace the red memories of its ancestors.
Heroes, not forgotten! And what we have to say is that martyrs are always strong-hearted, and the land of remembering heroes is bound to be heroic at all times.
The pictures in this article are from the network, thanks to the original author!