The Eight Banners and the Green Camp are not good, nor can the Manchu and Mongolian nobles, but it does not mean that no one in the Great Qing Dynasty can do it, and the gang that can do it is the local Han elite and the "Yong Camp" they have organized and trained (unlike the Eight Banners and green camps, they belong to the private army, similar to the militia), Jiang Zhongyuan "Chu Yong", Zeng Guofan "Xiang Army", Li Hongzhang "Huai Army", Zuo Zongtang "Chu Army" are the most typical representatives. Facts have proved that these Han private armed forces are quite powerful, and after countless bloody battles, they finally put an end to the "Fa Twist Rebellion" and stabilized the ruling order of the Qing Dynasty. In July 1864, the Ninth Marshal Zeng Guo Tsuen Ji Zi Battalion attacked Tianjing and destroyed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; in August 1868, the legendary hero Liu Mingchuan annihilated the Eastern Twister Army in Yangzhou's Wayaopu and captured Lai Wenguang. At this point, the "Twisting Rebellion" ended, and the Qing Dynasty temporarily got rid of the crisis.
In the process of pacifying the Taiping Army and the Twist Army, the Manchu and Mongolian nobles have proved to be completely useless, the only one who is still a talented Su Shun died at the hands of Cixi, two famous generals, Duolong'a and Senggelinqin, were killed, and the Manchu Qing court can be described as "talent withering" and "no one in the country". To this end, the Manchu Qing Dynasty had to rely on the new Han forces to maintain its rule, allowing Zeng Guofan, Hu Linyi, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang, Peng Yulin, Zhang Zhidong and other Han elites to hold power, these people were what later generations called "Zhongxing Famous Ministers". After the rise of the Han elite, they began to emulate the changes in the West, set off a "foreign affairs movement", established a modern chemical industry, founded a school, and formed a navy, bringing China into modern society, and to a certain extent, continuing the national rule of the Qing Dynasty.
However, even if the "Twisting Rebellion" has been quelled and a number of "ZTE famous ministers" have risen, the Qing Empire is still inevitably in decline, although there was a brief "Tongguang ZTE" situation, but it was soon reduced to ashes and became a bubble in the Sino-Japanese War. In 1901, the Qing court signed the "Xinugu Treaty" with 11 countries, prohibiting the people's anti-imperialist struggle and completely becoming a tool of foreign rule; from 1904 to 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War, the Qing government had no ability to stop the war launched by the two great powers on the national territory, and sat back and watched the people of northeast China struggle in the fires of war. In October 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, the southern provinces declared independence, and the Qing Dynasty rule was on the verge of collapse. In February of the following year, the peace between the North and the South was successful, and Empress Longyu announced that she accepted the republic, which decently ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty and china entered the Republic of China era.
This is interesting, the huge scale of the "Twisting Rebellion" has been put down, and there are Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong and other "Zhongxing famous ministers" in the DPRK, and the "Foreign Affairs Movement" is also in full swing.
First, the great powers are eyeing the tiger and repeatedly violating China, and there is no good international environment in the Qing Dynasty
In Chinese history, the threats faced by the Central Plains Dynasty mainly came from ethnic minorities in the north, such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turks, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and so on. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, due to proper policy, the threat from the nomadic peoples in the north has been basically lifted, and even the Great Wall has not been repaired. After the Great Clearance, European countries have slowly come out of the "feudal society", and Britain has carried out a "bourgeois" revolution, followed by an industrial revolution, relying on its own strong strength to expand abroad and carry out colonial activities. Under the wave of industrialization, globalization, and colonization, the "closed country" of the Qing Dynasty has become one of the key "concerns" of the great powers. After the Opium War, the great powers came from time to time to bully the Qing Dynasty and demanded rights and interests from it, and even Japan, which came later, came to share a piece of the pie. It can be said that although the Qing Dynasty solved the traditional border problems, due to the invasion of the great powers, its international environment was quite harsh, which was also one of the main reasons why the Qing Dynasty failed to truly prosper. It should be known that just when the "foreign affairs movement" achieved certain results, Japan launched the "Sino-Japanese War", which interrupted the process of China's modernization; the great powers seized the opportunity to set off a frenzy of dividing up China, and the national crisis intensified.
Second, the Qing Dynasty pursued a policy of "external demand and peace" and made concessions to foreign aggressive forces, which aggravated the crisis
Among the eight unified dynasties of The Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Yuan, Ming, and Qing, the Manchu Qing were undoubtedly the most unpopular, and one of the important reasons for this was the poor performance of the "foreign war", and repeatedly compromised with the outside world, openly declaring that it pursued a policy of "external demand and rong", currying favor with the Western powers, and even making compromises with Japan, which was once regarded as a "barbarian". In 1874, japan invaded Taiwan under the pretext of "fishermen killed", the Qing court compromised and gave in, and also compensated 500,000 taels of silver; in 1879, Japan openly annexed Ryukyu, although the Qing government did not recognize it, but did not take tough measures against it; in 1884, korea broke out the "Koshin Coup", the Qing Dynasty once again compromised with Japan, agreeing that both countries have the responsibility to manage the affairs of the Korean Peninsula. The Qing government's compromise and concessions made the Western powers see that China was weak and deceitful, and that it was a "sick cat" among the foreign powers, so they all wanted to try and wanted to slaughter a piece of meat, which aggravated the social crisis in modern China. Just imagine, if the Qing Dynasty had adopted Liu Changyou's suggestion of sending troops in two ways when Japan was emerging, and had used its national strength to wipe out the Wokou and let the great powers see the domineering side of China, would they have dared to bully China so brazenly? It should be known that Japan is also a semi-colonial country and is also bullied by the great powers, but after Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty, the Western powers immediately established good relations with Japan and abolished unequal treaties.
Third, the strong rise of local forces and the decline of central authority have made it impossible to concentrate all efforts on responding to the crisis situation
For the demise of the Ming Dynasty, there is now a popular saying on the Internet: "If China does not toss blindly and kill itself, the enemy will never be able to fight in", indeed, if the Ming Dynasty itself does not toss blindly and unite internally, the Jurchens outside guanxi and the peasant army in Guannei are not a problem, and it is not a matter of continuing to live for hundreds of years. This phrase is also appropriate for the Qing Dynasty, "If the Great Qing Dynasty is united internally, the whole country is united, and the country is in difficulty together", he worries that the great powers will not perish, and he will not be able to prosper. Unfortunately, the Qing Dynasty was unable to unite as one, and with the strong rise of local forces, the decline of central authority, the struggle between the central and local governments, and the struggle between local forces were so fierce that daqing could not concentrate all its efforts to deal with the crisis situation. For example, during the Sino-French War, the Hunan And fujian naval division was destroyed, and the Huaibei Ocean Fleet sat idly by; during the Sino-Japanese War, the Beiyang Fleet fought against the Japanese combined fleet, and the Fujian And Nanyang Naval Division did not take action. When the Huai army was defeated and the Japanese invaded the northeast, Liu Kunyi, the governor of Liangjiang, asked the Qing court to let the Xiang army participate in the war. Although the Xiang army performed well in the Battle of Niuzhuang, it inevitably failed in the end, after all, it was also a lone soldier and lacked the cooperation of teammates.
Fourth, the sincerity of the Reform of the Great Qing Dynasty was insufficient, and there was no determination to completely change, and they wanted to take the opportunity to deprive the Han people of their power, and eventually they were abandoned by the Han elite
As the saying goes, "what can't be supported is Ah Dou", no matter how powerful Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wei, etc., the master of Liu Chan is powerless. I have to say that the impact of leadership on the team is indeed very large, a good leader can lead the team to become bigger and stronger, and an unqualified leader can play a good hand of cards and make a listed company into a street stall. The Qing Dynasty did not lack zhongxing famous ministers, what was lacking was a strong core leadership, and there was no king or ruler in the central government who had a broad vision and great talent. When Zhao Liewen talked with Zeng Guofan, he made one comments on Cixi, Prince Gong, Guiliang, Wenxiang, and other important members of the central government, believing that they were not the lords of ZTE, that they had too many shortcomings, and that it was impossible for them to lead the Qing dynasty toward rejuvenation; they were small in wisdom, not great in wisdom, and did not have a big view of the overall situation. It is precisely for this reason that the Great Qing Dynasty has made small troubles in many reforms, and without the determination and courage to carry out thorough reforms, the sincerity of its reforms is worrying, and the effects of its reforms are limited. In addition, the Manchu Qing also wanted to take advantage of the "New Deal" and "constitutional" reforms to deprive the Han landlord clique of its power and re-strengthen the centralization of power, yuan shikai was removed from the post of directly subordinate governor at this time, and the Beiyang New Army was also taken over by the Manchus. As a result, the Han elite was extremely disappointed in the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and during the Wuchang Uprising, they supported the revolution and the republic, and abandoned the Qing Dynasty. Without the support of the Han elite, the Great Qing could not play, and Longyu had to announce Puyi's abdication, accept the republic, and end the Great Qing.
In summary, the "twisting chaos" has been flattened, and there are many famous ministers in ZTE, but the Qing Dynasty is still inevitably in decline. The reason for this is that, against the background of the sinister international environment and the rise of local forces, the Great Qing dynasty not only pursued a policy of foreign compromise, but also did not have the courage and determination to make thorough changes, could not grasp the fundamentals of the trend of modernization, and was doomed to its demise.