Help you learn to make couplets

Elegant calligraphy Excellent words

——Nanjing Museum collection of Qing Dynasty couplet special exhibition

Learn these little things about couplets

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The couplet is the perfect crystallization of Chinese and Chinese chinese and chinese chinese literature and calligraphy art, and is a treasure of traditional Chinese culture.

1

What are the types and functions of couplets?

Couplets are generally hung or pasted on the gates, halls, walls, and columns, so they are also called "Yang Lian". Depending on the content, nature and timing of the order, couplets can have different types: for example, the Spring Festival sticker "Spring League", the birthday writes "Shou Lian", marriage, childbirth, beams, housewarming and other festive occasions use "Happy Union", and funerals and condolences use "Bang Lian". The role of the couplet is very extensive, or self-encouragement, or inscription, or praise, or satire; or placed in the courtyard of the study, or found in the loutang guanshou, or written in the ancestral temple office, or inscribed on scenic spots.

2

As a literary art form, what are the characteristics of couplets?

First, the number of words is equal and the sentences are neat. Couplets can be long or short, as short as two or three words, four or five words, as long as dozens of words, hundreds of words. However, regardless of the length, the number of words in the upper and lower links is required to be equal.

Second, the battle is neat and tidy, and the peace and servants are coordinated. The association requires "ping to 仄, 仄 to ping", and ping to harmonize, so that the tone is suppressed and pleasant, and the lang lang is catchy.

Third, the content is concise and cleverly conceived. Couplets must temper the ideological content, make the couplet ideas correct and profound, not only to meet different needs and objects, but also to adapt to the situation, and to cut the time and cut people.

Fourth, refining words and sentences, paying attention to rhetoric. The ancients wrote poems and poems, emphasizing the refining of words and sentences, and wrote implicitly and timelessly, and the widespread use of rhetorical techniques in the couplets is the most typical embodiment of the literary beauty and artistic beauty of the couplet.

3

How did couplets evolve?

The couplet has a long history, and it is said that it began five generations after the last emperor of Shu, Meng Chang (919-965). Later, Su Shi (1037-1101), Zhu Xi (1130-1200), Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322), Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398) and others have all written excellent works. By the late Ming Dynasty, couplet calligraphy gradually became popular, and after entering the Qing Dynasty, it was popular for a while, especially in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. There are three reasons for this: First, it is related to the changes in the architectural space of the Ming and Qing dynasties, coupled with the prosperity of the Ming and Qing gardens, the point scene role of the couplet is more prominent. Secondly, the small number of couplets and convenient writing are undoubtedly the best choice for the late Qing officials who were entangled in "elegant debts". Third, the late Ming Dynasty large character calligraphy gradually became popular, and the late Qing Dynasty epigraphical calligraphy was more famous for its large characters, seals, and calligraphy, and the couplet was one of its best forms of expression, so it was very popular.

Couplets are a kind of essence, a kind of sublimation, which can evoke people's most intense sense of beauty in the most concise and general form, give people the richest enlightenment, and make people receive great lessons. Based on this, this exhibition selects dozens of couplets of Qing Dynasty masters from the rich calligraphy collection of the Nanjing Museum, with excellent joint language and calligraphy, both the style of the thesis and the taste of epigraphy, and the five bodies are both available, in order to outline the development outline and artistic characteristics of the Qing Dynasty couplet calligraphy.

Appreciation of works

Green Pine White Crane Five Words Union

Zhu Daosun (1682-1760)

Paper

Length 116.9 cm Width 31.8 cm

Green pine has a nature, and the white crane has no vulgar face.

Zhu Daosun (1682-1760), zi jia weng, yi zi taro pi, late number entertainment village, Zhejiang Xiushui people. Cite the Erudite Hongzi Section, the official state judgment. Less lonely, its ancestors care. The calligraphy was initially asked by Wang Shixun, and later he took the willow and rice books himself. Xiao Kai is particularly fine, also works eight points, small seal. Good at words, good at words.

The Brahmanese are seven words

Liang Tongshu (1723-1815)

Books on paper

Length 124.1 cm Width 29.2 cm

In 1797

Fan Baiyin sang far away with the fishing, and the people were thick with water and clouds at night.

Liang Tongshu (1723-1815), ziyuanying, shanzhou, in his later years, he signed himself Bu Weng and Xinwu Changweng, a native of Qiantang, Zhejiang. Lift up people, give soldiers, and serve officials. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the calligraphy of "Thesis" was well known, and the calligraphy was very rich.

Four walls and one court and seven words

Bautinbo (1728-1814)

Paper

Length 170 cm Width 38.6 cm

In 1809

The four walls of the book sound small Zou Lu, a court of autumn color ancient Yellow Yu.

Bao Tingbo (1728-1814), also known as Yiwen (字文), was born in Shexian County, Anhui Province, and lived in Hangzhou with his father Bao Si, and later settled in Tongxiang, Jiaxing. Xiucai, Gong Poetry, author of "Hua YunXuan Small Manuscript", "Poetry of Yongwu" and so on.

Thousands of volumes and hundreds of cups of eight words

Hong Liangji (1746-1809)

Small seal on paper

Length 167.2 cm Width 29.2 cm

Guo Linzong had five thousand books, and Zheng Kangcheng drank three hundred cups.

Hong Liangji (1746-1809), originally known as Honglian, ZiJunzhi, Xiaozi Zhicun, alias Beijiang, Gengsheng Resident, a native of Yanghu, Jiangsu, whose ancestral home was Shexian County, Anhui. List eye, awarded hanlin academy editing. Good at writing and writing, academic good at public opinion. He is a pioneer of modern population theory.

Revisit the Hundred Lives Seven Words

Yi Bingshou (1754-1815)

Paper line grass

Length 156 cm Width 32.8 cm

When you travel again and meet the festival, Baishou should be attributed to the virtue.

Yi Bingshou (1754-1815), character group similar, number Moqing, late number Mo'an, Fujian Ninghua people. Jinshi , who successively served as the chief of the Punishment Department , the member of the Punishment Department , the prefect of Huizhou , the prefect of Yangzhou , etc., was known for his "honest officials and good governance". Gongshu, especially the seal.

Eight words of speech and lecture

Hu Lin Wing (1812-1861)

Paper line grass

Length 168.2 cm Width 37.5 cm

Speaking is the basis of the scriptures as the law, and lecturing is based on cultivation and cultivation.

Hu Linyi (1812-1861), zi Zhaosheng, ranzhi, a native of Yiyang, Hunan. Jinshi, official to Hubei cloth envoy, bureau inspector. 谥 "Wen Zhong". An important leader of the Xiang Army. Together with Zeng Guofan, he was said to be one of the "four famous ministers of the late Qing Dynasty".

Shiba grass flowing water twelve words

Yang Yisun (1813-1881)

Paper

Length 177.1 cm Width 22.9 cm

In 1881

Zhicao has no roots, no source of liquan, no source, and no self-reliance, and the flowing water does not rot the tiles and the people's livelihood is diligent.

Yang Yisun (1813-1881), Zi Zi You, Yi Zuo Zi He, Wing Chun, Late Hao Shu, Guan Hao Resident, Jiangsu Changshu. Raise people, officials to the prefect of Fengyang. Gong Zhong Ding, Stone Drum, Seal Li and Deng Shi Ru Are Like Jaws.

Ru Zhi Zenglu Eight Words

Zuo Zongtang (1812-1885)

Small seal on paper

Length 173.4 cm Width 42 cm

In 1885

Ruzhi bait Huang Changsheng Wuji, Zenglu Yishou Dafu Yunxing.

Zuo Zongtang (1812-1885), character Ji Gao, yizi Pu Cun, xiangshang farmer, Hunan Xiangyin people. He was promoted to the rank of a scholar of Dongge University, a minister of military aircraft, a second-class Marquis of Kejing, and posthumously awarded the title of Taifu (太傅), courtesy name "Wenxiang". One of the "Four Famous Ministers" of the Late Qing Dynasty.

Thirty-one spring eleven words

Yu Fan (1821-1907)

Paper

Length 144.7 cm Width 32 cm

In 1890

Thirty years ago, I loved to buy swords, books, and paintings, and when I was under the flowers of spring, I was sad and sad about the rain and the wind.

Yu Fan (1821-1907), Zi Yinfu, a resident of Quyuan, a native of Deqing, Zhejiang. Jinshi, official to Henan to study politics. After his dismissal, he moved to Suzhou and devoted himself to scholarship for more than 40 years. The academics are mainly based on scripture and are widely covered.

Seven words for the literary view

Li Hongzhang (1823-1901)

Books on paper

Length 169 cm Width 34.5 cm

For Wen deserves the first spring, and Guanhua can know all kinds of emotions.

Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), whose real name was Zhang Tong, the characters gradually Fu, Zi Di, and Shao Tsuen, in his later years, he called himself Yi Shu (宜叟), nicknamed Provincial Heart, and was a native of Hefei, Anhui. Jin Shi (進士), an official to the University of Mandarin, was awarded the title of First Class Su Yi Bo. After his death, he was given the title of Taifu (太傅), the Marquis of Suyi of the First Rank of jin, and the title of "Wen Zhong". One of the "Four Famous Ministers" of the Late Qing Dynasty.

Eight words of good deeds

Pan Zuyin (1830-1890)

Books on paper

Length 196.1 cm Width 43.8 cm

In 1872

The good deeds of the shangguan have not lost their reputation, and they have been heard in the collection of notes before the exploration.

Pan Zuyin (1830-1890), also known as Zhong Zhong, Fengsheng, Boyin, Shaotang, ZhengYi, wuxian, Jiangsu. Explore the flowers, teach editing. Guangxujian official to the Ministry of Works Shangshu. The history of the scriptures, the fine method, and the gold and stone are very rich.

Collect books to buy land seven words

Wu Dayi (1835-1902)

Small seal on paper

Length 137.6 cm Width 32.7 cm

The collection of ten thousand volumes can teach children, and ten acres of land can be planted with pine.

Wu Dayi (1835-1902), initially known as Dachun, zizhijing, also known as Qingqing, Hengxuan, and later Wu county, Jiangsu. Jinshi, official to Guangdong, Hunan inspector. Fine gold stone characters, good seal books, gong paintings, and xi jian collection.

Jia Dao sunset ten words

Wu Changshuo (1844-1927)

Stone Drum Text on Paper

Length 156 cm Width 32.8 cm

In 1901

Jia Dao Qing Xiu looked at the ancients as if they could not reach it, and the sunset rained and drove a small boat to travel.

Wu Changshuo (1844-1927), first name Jun, also known as Junqing, the word Changshuo, also signed Cangshi, Cangshi, alias many, Zhejiang Anji people. Poetry, books, paintings, and prints are all-powerful, and they are known as "the first person in the stone drum seal book" and "the last peak of literati painting".

Strategizing is full of seven words

Tao Maoxuan (1846-1912)

Paper in letters

Length 148.4 cm Width 40.5 cm

In 1903

Strategizing for a long time, the flowers are prosperous, and the wind and currents are three times ordered to be incensed.

Tao Maoxuan (1846-1912), formerly known as Zu Wang, Zi Wen Chong, No. Xinyun, alias Donghu Jushi, also known as Jishan Jushi, Shaoxing Taoyan people. Lift people, officials to Taoists, add three titles, and wear flowers. His book is in the form of a square pen stele.

Lone Bamboo Wild Cloud Seven Words

Wang Wan (1847-?) ）

Small seal on paper

Length 132.9 cm Width 31.5 cm

The lone bamboo is thinner than the venerable face, and the wild clouds are white like The Clothes of the Taoists.

Wang Wan (1847-?) ), the word Xiaoyu, the word Xiaoyu, the number 遯庵, Sichuan Tongliang people. Raise people, officials to Jiangsu Daoists. He was also the head of Deng Shiru, Zhao Zhiqian, and Yang Yisun.

Tongru Qingfeng Eight Words

Wang Renkan (1849-1893)

Paper line letters

Length 165.7 cm Width 35.4 cm

Confucian knowledge of heroic materials, clear wind and bright moon beautiful scenery.

Wang Renkan (1849-1893), also spelled Kezhuang, also spelled Ninjin, was a native of Minxian County, Fujian Province. Zhuangyuan, Zhidian Written, Official Suzhou Prefect. Shu Zong Ou, Chu, the name is temporary.

Source | Nanjing Museum