"Good and evil are in me, the reputation is ruined by people, and the coffin is determined", this sentence comes from an epitaph of a Ming Dynasty official, illustrating a very simple truth:
Only after a person dies in the ground can he make a conclusion about the merits and demerits of his life.
Life is like a white cloud dog, changing rapidly, time and yin have the most powerful spell in the world, can make a person become unrecognizable, in the history of our country, there are many people who have been virtuous, enough to flow through the ages, even in our current textbooks are also a glorious image, but what is little known is that in the second half of their lives, they have taken a wrong step and hated the ages.
Every historical figure is complex, can not simply be evaluated by good and evil, such as Kuang Heng, Cai Lun, Kong Rong, Li Shen these characters have appeared as positive characters in the textbook, however, in fact, their later life course is not so glorious, so when we evaluate a historical figure, we must fully understand and comprehensively judge.
So, what is the unknown side of these historical figures?
1. Kuang Heng: Monopolizing soil theft
For many readers, the chiseled wall stealing light is a very familiar inspirational story, whenever we are lazy and lazy, parents or teachers will move out of the story of the chiseled wall to steal light to encourage us, and the protagonist of this story is Kuang Heng.
In the Han Dynasty, candles were not affordable for every household, before Kuang Heng's family could not afford to buy, but Kuang Heng was very studious, and wanted to continue to study at night, so Kuang Heng secretly chiseled out a small hole in the wall of the neighbor's house, with the help of the faint light from the small hole to learn, this tireless learning attitude is indeed a model for readers.
With his own anger and hard work, Kuang Heng finally learned to be full of jinglun, and he had his own unique understanding of the poetry classics, and his talents were also appreciated by the emperor of the dynasty, and Kuang Heng was also very loyal to the monarchy at the beginning and cherished the people, so his career was also very smooth, and finally he became a minister, and was also named "Marquis of Le'an".
However, after becoming a prince of the party, Kuang Heng's ambitions were also expanded, his original fiefdom was 310,000 mu, which was already very vast, and then later Kuang Heng found a mistake in the county map, so under the domination of desire, Kuang Heng took advantage of this mistake and secretly expanded his fief to another 40,000 mu, and later it was found out, and the emperor was angry, deposed all the titles and official positions of Kuang Heng, and demoted him to a commoner.
In fact, the reason for Kuang Heng's final disgrace is very simple, that is, a "greedy" word, in fact, everyone can not avoid greed, just how to control the problem of greed, in his youth, Kuang Heng's greed is greed for knowledge, the means taken are also harmless, so it has become a good story, but later, Kuang Heng's greed has lost control, and even at the expense of the country, then naturally it is inevitable to be punished by the law of the land.
In addition to Kuang Heng, there was another Han Dynasty person who also ended up late due to fame and fortune, and this person was Cai Hou.
2. Cai Lun: Framing the Imperial Concubine
Among the four great inventions of ancient China, the invention that has the most extensive impact on the daily life of the people is undoubtedly papermaking and movable type printing, and one of the names that cannot be bypassed when papermaking is mentioned is Cai Lun.
Although papermaking was not invented by Cai Lun, it was only popularized after Cai Lun improved, although before Cai Lun, there was the emergence of paper, but the paper at that time was not promoted and used due to the high cost.
Later, Cai Lun improved the production method of paper and reduced the cost, so that papermaking can really play its role and make great contributions to the progress and exchange of civilization.
However, Cai Lun was a eunuch after all, he had great talent, but he still could not hide from the power struggle in the deep palace, the empress at that time Dou was childless, and the concubine Song Guiren gave birth to a dragon descendant, and was also crowned as a prince, Empress Dou was naturally unwilling, so she fed the emperor, not only let the emperor alienate the Song guiren, but also deposed the crown prince Liu Qing, who was born to the Song guiren.
At this time, Cai Lun was attached to Empress Dou, so under the direction of Empress Dou, he began to weave various crimes, preparing to cut down the grass and root out the Song Guiren who had fallen out of favor, and finally, because of the various crimes woven by Cai Lun, the emperor was furious and beat the Song Guiren into the violent room, and finally here the Song Guiren was forced to drink medicine and die.
However, although Song Guiren died, her son Liu Qing survived, and later the throne passed to Empress Dou's adopted son Han Hedi, but after Emperor He's death, only a baby in swaddling was left, and soon after the baby also died prematurely, and Emperor He's empress Dowager Deng had to choose a new monarch from the clan, and the person she chose was Liu Qing's son.
After Empress Deng drove Hexi to the west, the new emperor pro-government and began to purge the group of people who had framed the Song nobles, and Cai Lun bore the brunt of it, and the new emperor clearly ordered Cai Lun to turn himself in to the court and truthfully confess the fact that he had framed the Song nobles, Cai Lun knew that he was powerless to return to heaven, and did not want to be humiliated in prison, so he chose to commit suicide.
If Cai Lun's tragedy is caused by being deeply trapped in the palace and unable to be autonomous, then Kong Rong's ending is caused by too much debauchery.
3. Kong Rong: Died of filial piety
Kong Rong was a descendant of the Most Holy Ancestor Confucius, and in ancient times when Confucianism was respected, this status made Kong Rong naturally have a higher social status than others, but Kong Rong was eventually executed for the crime of "filial piety".
Although Kong Rong was a descendant of Confucius, his every move was not at all the same as the self-denial and retribution that Confucius admired, he was arrogant by nature, arrogant and arrogant, not only wrote articles to resist Cao Cao's prohibition of alcohol, but also ridiculed the courtiers, which made Kong Rong invisibly set up many enemies for himself.
Moreover, Kong Rong once said that parents giving birth to children is only the product of temporary desires, and the mother is only a container for a child's temporary residence, and after the child is born, it will no longer have anything to do with this container.
In the end, Kong Rong was killed by Cao Cao, connecting the whole family, and among the many crimes that Cao Cao listed for Kong Rong, the most obvious one was filial piety, and the crime of Confucius's descendants for "filial piety" was also a different kind of irony.
Fourth, Li Shen: Corrupt officials and cool officials
Now many canteens will be posted with a poem: "Who knows the plate of Chinese food, the grains are hard", and the author of this poem "Mercy Farmer" Li Shen is therefore regarded by many people as a good official who sympathizes with the people, but the truth is just the opposite.
Perhaps, Li Shen really sympathized with the miserable suffering of the peasants before he entered the career, but after he became an official, this bit of compassion was completely forgotten by him, and he not only lived in poverty and luxury, but also did his best to squeeze the people in his jurisdiction.
During his term of office, he created a large number of unjust, false and wrongly decided cases, and the people in his jurisdiction could not bear his violence and fled one after another, and Li Shen's approach finally attracted the attention of the imperial court, and the imperial court, after learning of the matter, severely punished Li Gentry, not only Li Shen himself cut his post and lost his official position, but also his descendants could not enter the dynasty for three generations.
Therefore, this great poet who has been passed down through the ages with a poem called "Mercy to the Peasants" is actually a corrupt official who has implicated his descendants because of the exploitation of peasants.
epilogue:
Human nature is the most complex and difficult thing in the world, even the most intelligent person has no way to figure out the nature of human nature, under the impetus of human nature, a person can change from evil to good, and can also change from good to evil, so when judging a person's good or bad, you must not easily draw conclusions.
Kuang Heng, Cai Lun, Kong Rong, Li Shen, these are all characters that we are all familiar with, and we have met them in books when we are very young, but as we grow up, we find that these people have another face in addition to books, which subverts our three views to a certain extent, but also enables us to reflect.
It is better to believe in books than to have no books, and the writing of any book has its own limitations, so we understand a person, and a thing must be widely understood before we can draw conclusions, rather than being confined to books.
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