As we all know, the Eastern Han Dynasty died as a result of the alternating dictatorship of foreign relatives and eunuchs. So, how did this tumor form, Dapeng to tell you.
In fact, at the beginning, the Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu and the Hanming Emperor Liu Zhuang were still relatively wary of foreign forces. If you want money, you can; if you want to be in power, you can't!
The problem was that the han zhang emperor Liu Zhuo (dá) promoted his three uncles Ma Liao, Ma Guang, and Ma Fang as soon as he came to power, and even wanted to give them the title of marquis.
As a result, she was dissuaded by Empress Ma on the grounds that she could not be crowned a marquis without merit. Later, under the deliberate arrangement of Emperor Zhang of Han, his three uncles made meritorious contributions and were given the title of Marquis.
Soon after, Empress Ma died, and Empress Dou became the lord of the six palaces. Empress Dou had no sons, so she adopted Liu Zhao, the son of Xiao Liang Guiren, as her own child.
The son was there, but Empress Dou still had a knot in her heart, and the prince of the dynasty was not her own son, but Liu Qing, the son of the Great Song nobleman.
However, the patron horse empress dowager of the Song guiren has already hung up. Therefore, Empress Dou and her mother, Princess Xiangyang, conspired to frame Song Guiren, and the palace fight drama began.
On the one hand, Empress Dou asked her brother Dou Xian and others to do everything possible outside the palace to find the fault of Song Guiren's father, Song Yang, and take the opportunity to attack Song Guiren.
On the other hand, Empress Dou bribed Cai Lun, a eunuch who was close to Song Guiren, and asked him to keep a close watch on the Song sisters and report to her as soon as there was any disturbance.
See here, you are not a bright eye, yes! Yes, this Cai Lun is no one else, but one of the four great inventions of ancient China, the inventor of papermaking.
However, at this time, Cai Lun did not have time to study papermaking, he had just entered the palace, his eyes were black, and he had just mixed with Song Guiren with the help of Zheng Zhong.
Speaking of this, I have to introduce Zheng Zhong, who is a confidant of Emperor Zhang of Han. When Liu Ju was just one year old, Zheng Zhong served him at him.
After Cai Lun entered the palace, he had a special eye power and was deeply appreciated by Zheng Zhong. Therefore, Zheng Zhong arranged Cai Lun to the side of the Great Song Guiren and wanted to find a birth for Cai Lun.
However, Zheng Zhongwan did not expect that Cai Lun could not withstand the coercion and inducement, and then turned to Empress Dou, acting as an eyeliner to monitor the Great Song Nobles, and failing zheng Zhong's painstaking efforts.
In 82 AD, the Great Song Dynasty was ill and needed to use a Chinese medicine raw medicine as a medicinal introduction, so she wrote a letter to her family: Quick survival, enter the palace as a guide.
When Cai Lun handed the letter to Empress Dou, Empress Dou, if she had obtained the treasure, took the opportunity to frame the Song nobles for preparing to perform witchcraft with raw incense and curse Emperor Zhang of Han.
The ancients often used the metaphor of the raw sustenance of a couple entangled in tiredness and eternal knots. It is the so-called "king is a female rose grass, and a concubine is a silk flower". So Emperor Han Zhangdi was a little convinced.
He ordered the Great and Great Song Nobles to be imprisoned in the Bing She, and had Cai Lun interrogate them whether they intended to commit adultery in the harem. The two sisters could not bear the humiliation, and committed suicide by taking poison,
Under the nest, there are finished eggs. Crown Prince Liu Qing was thus forced to move out of the Imperial Palace. Soon, Emperor Zhang of Han issued an edict deposing Liu Qing as the King of Qinghe and making liu Zhao the crown prince.
After Liu Zhao was made crown prince, the family of his birth mother Liang Guiren secretly played the crown to celebrate each other, and when Empress Dou learned of it, she was very dissatisfied with the Liang clan and deeply resented it.
In order to make the Dou family enjoy the exclusive favor, Empress Dou tried every means to frame the liang nobles, and repeatedly said bad things about them in front of Emperor Zhang of Han, and the Liang sisters gradually fell out of favor.
In 83 AD, the Dou family wrote an anonymous letter falsely accusing the Liang family of plotting rebellion. As a result, Liang's father died in prison, his family was exiled, and the Liang sisters died.
Since then, the Dou clan has gradually become prominent. Empress Dou's older brother, Shizhong (侍中) and Tiger Benzhonglang (虎贲中郎), who was the empress dowager of the dynasty, held Dou Xian's sister in charge.
Once, he took a fancy to the Qinyuan garden of Princess Bishui, the sister of Emperor Zhangdi of Han, and had to buy it with three thousand taels of silver, and Princess Bishui did not dare to worry about him, so she had to endure the pain and sell it cheaply.
One day, Emperor Han Zhang, idle, came out to Qinyuan, and found that something was wrong, so he asked Dou Xian what was going on, and no one dared to answer truthfully.
Later, the fifth lun wrote a recital and informed Emperor Zhang of the truth. Emperor Zhang of Han couldn't help but be furious. He summoned Dou Xian and severely reprimanded him:
"Even you dare to occupy my sister's countryside, and you dare to deceive me like Zhao Gao by referring to deer as a horse!" The more you think about it, the more frightening and even terrifying it becomes!
Noble as a princess has been plundered, not to mention helpless little people! If the imperial court wants to abandon you Dou Xian, it is like throwing away a small bird and a rotten rat! ”
Dou Xian saw that the matter was exposed and was frightened and scattered. Empress Dou quickly removed the empress's attire and pleaded with Emperor Zhang of Han barefoot. This made Emperor Han Zhang's anger dissipate.
Afterwards, Dou Xian quickly returned the garden to Princess Bishui, and Emperor Zhang of Han did not punish him. However, after that, Emperor Zhang of Han no longer reused Dou Xian.
So is the Dou family cold? Of course not. In 88 AD, emperor Zhang of Han, who was only 31 years old, died, Liu Zhao was young and ignorant, and Empress Dou was in charge of the dynasty.
The Dou family suddenly became hot. As a servant, Dou Xian entered the palace to participate in confidential affairs, and left the palace to announce the empress dowager's commandments, and the other brothers were also in prominent positions.
In order to hide the eyes and ears of the people, Empress Dou specially issued an edict, appointing the former lieutenant Deng Biao as the Taifu, giving him the title of Marquis of Guannei, in charge of Shang Shu's confidentiality, and all the officials must obey the orders of Taifu.
In fact, Deng Biao is a shield. If Dou Xian wanted to do something, he asked Deng Biao to play the newspaper outside, and he persuaded the empress dowager inside, and nothing could be done.
Liu Chang, the Marquis of Fengdu, came to Luoyang to attend the funeral of Emperor Zhang of Han, and was appreciated by Empress Dou, and several times in a row, the two had an adulterous affair, which caused Dou Xian to worry.
Fearing that Liu Chang would divide his power after he was favored, he found someone to assassinate Liu Chang and married Liu Chang's younger brother Liu Cyan the Marquis of Liu Chang and Cai Lun, the Zhongchang attendant.
After a close investigation, He Chang of the Taiwei Mansion found that this was Dou Xian's doing, so he reported it to the imperial court. Empress Dowager Dou was furious when she learned the truth and ordered Dou Xian to be imprisoned.
After all, he is his own brother! In order to allow Dou Xian to break the crime, Empress Dou, against the opposition of the Three Dukes and Nine Secretaries, decided to let Dou Xian lead the army to conquer the Northern Xiongnu.
Fortunately, Dou Xian's luck was much better than Li Guangli's. After a bitter and decisive battle, the Han army won a complete victory, all the way to Yanran Mountain, and carved a stone Legong.
Empress Dowager Dou was overjoyed and appointed Dou Xian as a general, breaking with the customs of the dynasty and elevating the status of the great general Dou Xian to that of the Three Dukes below Taifu and the Three Dukes.
At this time, the Dou brothers were more arrogant and indulgent, and gradually controlled the government. The civil and military officials dared to be angry and did not dare to speak, fearing that Sooner or later Dou Xian would do something reckless.
The hardcore royalist Zheng Zhong and the opportunist Cai Lun, together with Situ Dinghong and other ministers, took advantage of Dou Xianban's return to the dynasty to trick him into entering the city and received his great general seal.
After the incident, Dou Xian, Dou Du, Dou Jing and others were forced to commit suicide. Anyone who became an official because of the Dou family's ties was also dismissed from office. Empress Dowager Dou also handed over power.
Although Emperor Han and Emperor were pro-government, after all, they were still young, and when dealing with major state affairs, they still needed help from others, and this person was the Grand Eunuch Zheng Zhong.
The atmosphere of the Eunuchs of the Eastern Han Dynasty began in this way, who was after Zheng Zhong, Cai Lun! However, while Zheng Zhong was alive, Cai Lun had been engaged in scientific research.
In 105 AD, after repeated experiments, Cai Lun produced a paper that was both thin and flexible, but also inexpensive. Emperor Han and Emperor Daxi, issued an edict to promote it to the world, and a few years later, Cai Lun was enfeoffed.
Here, Dapeng wants to correct a concept for everyone, many people think that the closure of the country during the Ming and Qing dynasties led to China's backwardness, in fact, at the beginning China also lagged behind the West.
It was Cai Lun who made the spread of knowledge easier, which enabled China to occupy a leading position in the world for a long period of history.
Later, Cai Lun's papermaking technology spread to the whole world along the Silk Road through Central Asia and Western Europe, making indelible contributions to the inheritance and development of world civilization.
With this in mind, In 1978' book Mike Hart's List of 100 People Influencing the Course of Human History, Cai Lun was ranked seventh.
In December of the same year, The Han and Emperor Liu Zhaoying died prematurely, and was succeeded by his son Liu Long, who had just been born for 100 days, and Empress Deng took over the throne. Unfortunately, Liu Long also died soon after.
Empress Dowager Deng also succeeded Liu Hu, the son of Liu Qing, the Prince of Qinghe, as Emperor An of Han. Who is Liu Qing? He is the son of Song Guiren, who was betrayed by Cai Lun 24 years ago.
In March 121, Empress Deng, who had been sheltering Cai Lun, died, and the 27-year-old Emperor Liu Hu of Han'an finally took the throne, and Cai Lun's end followed.
When a courtier exposed Cai Lun's old case of framing the Song nobles before, Emperor Han An only coldly said to Cai Lun: "You yourself go to the court lieutenant and confess your guilt!" ”
Cai Lun, who has gone to the general trend, of course understands what this means? So he went back to the residence, bathed and changed clothes, and took out a bottle of poison and drank it very calmly.
Although Cai Lun died, Pandora's box had been opened, the empress dowager was in charge, foreign relatives interfered in politics, the young emperor pro-government, eunuchs seized power, and day by day, the Eastern Han Dynasty gradually went to extinction.
References 《Zizhi Tongjian》