Green river grass, long thinking about the distance. The long way is inconceivable, and suede dreamed of it. Dreaming of being in my side, I suddenly felt that I was in another country. He is different from one county in his hometown, and the exhibition is not visible. Dry mulberry knows the wind, and the sea knows the cold. The entrance is each flattering, who is willing to talk to each other. The guest came from afar and left me a double carp. Hu'er cooks carp, and there is a ruler book. Long kneeling to read a plain book, the book is like this. There are meals on the top and memories on the bottom. I am the Narrator of the Imperial Archives - Speaking of the Son of Heaven, today we continue with the seventeenth lecture of the Great Wind Song series, Han and Emperor Liu Zhao zhào.
Liu Zhao's grandfather was Liu Zhuang, the Emperor of Hanming, his father was Emperor Liu Zhuo of Hanzhang, and his mother was Liang Guiren, who was later posthumously honored as Empress Gonghuai. Liu Zhao married two concubines in his lifetime, a total of four wives, the two empresses were Empress Yin and Empress Deng Sui. Liu Zhao had two sons and four daughters in his lifetime, a total of six children. The eldest son was Liu Sheng, the Prince of Huai of the Plains, and the second son was Liu Long, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, the youngest and shortest-lived Son of Heaven in Chinese history.
In the fourth year of the founding, Liu Zhao was born in the Deep Palace of Luoyang. His mother Liang Guiren was framed by Empress Dou and died of depression. Since then, Liu Zhao has been personally raised by his mother's enemy, Empress Dou. On June 18 of the seventh year of the founding of the first year, his father Liu Qi, the Emperor of Han Zhang, deposed the crown prince Liu Qing as the Prince of Qinghe and replaced Liu Zhao with the title of crown prince.
On February 30 of the second year of Zhang He, The Emperor Liu Zhao of Han died, and the crown prince Liu Zhao was able to inherit the throne, which was Emperor Han He. Empress Dowager Dou was the empress dowager, and because Liu Zhao was young, she was ruled by Empress Dowager Dou.
In order to consolidate her ruling position, Empress Dowager Dou began to promote and appoint her own relatives:
His brother Dou Xian was promoted from Tiger Ben Zhonglang to Shizhong (侍中), in charge of imperial court secrets, and responsible for issuing edicts.
He made his brother Dou Du the General of the Tiger Ben Zhonglang and commanded the royal guards.
He appointed his brothers Dou Jing and Dou Huan as constant attendants, responsible for conveying edicts and unifying documents.
As a result, the Dou clan, as foreign relatives, that is, Liu Zhao's uncles, completely controlled the center of the imperial court. Empress Dowager Dou tightly kept the government in her own hands, arbitrarily and arbitrarily, and forced decision-making.
Soon after, on the issue of the crusade against the Northern Xiongnu, Shangshu, Shi Yushi, Qidu Wei, Yi Lang and other ministers all vigorously opposed it, and the heavy minister Lu Gong openly accused Empress Dou of abandoning the lives of ten thousand people with one person's plan. Even so, the Qunchen still did not stop Empress Dou's determination to exhaust the army, so she sent Dou Xian to lead a large army to attack the Northern Xiongnu.
After four battles, the Han army severely damaged the Northern Xiongnu after four battles: the Battle of Jiluoshan, the Battle of Yiwu, the Battle of HeyunBei, and the Battle of Jinweishan. Beidan Yu was shocked, holding his breath and felt, and fled in the land of Wusun, while the desert north was empty. The Northern Xiongnu Shan Yu disappeared, and his brother King Li of the Right Valley Established himself as the Northern Xiongnu Shan Yu and surrendered at the Gate of the Pu Dynasty.
Dou Xian wanted to take the opportunity to "restore the Northern Guards, oppose his old court, and protect the two sides." Dou Xian asked for the establishment of the Xiongnu Zhonglang general DuBei Shan Yu, and Empress Dou finally granted the edict despite the opposition of her subjects.
The imperial court took Geng Kui and Ren Shang as the Xiongnu generals, helping to eliminate Shan Shan and return to the homeland of the Northern Xiongnu, and the Eastern Han Court, while protecting the Southern Xiongnu and the Western Regions, also served as the northern Xiongnu.
At the same time, Empress Dowager Dou appointed a large number of dou family members and their relatives and friends as imperial officials or local officials, thus colluding from top to bottom, monopolizing power, retaliating, and doing whatever they wanted. Her younger brother Dou Jing indulged in slave misconduct, and even openly blocked the road and robbed in the daytime, insulting the women of the good family, and "you si mo dare to play."
Liu Zhao summoned Dou Xian to Chang'an, and the courtiers actually talked about calling it "long live", and Shangshu Han Ling angrily accused "the system of etiquette without subjects calling it long live". On the one hand, it shows that the power of the Dou clan is so great that even the Son of Heaven does not pay attention to it. On the other hand, it also shows that the trend of inflaming and clinging to the power of the dprk and the Chinese courtiers prevails.
The first thing Liu Zhao did when he came to power was to immediately clean up the Dou clan's henchmen, and all those who had been elected by relying on the Dou clan must be removed, without exception.
Let's talk about this Dou Xian again, this guy is also dead, in order to exclude dissidents and suppress political enemies, he actually privately raised soldiers and assassins, and once the political enemies wanted to be unfavorable to Dou, he sent assassins to assassinate them.
During the reign of Emperor Yongping of The Han Dynasty, Dou Xian and his father Dou Xun had been convicted and imprisoned, and Han Lun yū, who was the presiding judge at the time, was just not a child, and after examining Dou Xun's guilt, he beheaded him and showed it to the public. When the Dou clan was in charge of the imperial government, the enemy Han Xun was dead, and Dou Xian sent assassins to assassinate Han Hong's son and take his head to Dou Xun's tomb to pay tribute.
Empress Dowager Dou's indulgence and monopoly on imperial politics had already aroused the dissatisfaction of many upright courtiers. The Korean and Chinese officials continued to write letters and advise, and even used death as a clear example. According to the Zizhi Tongjian, in just five years, the minister wrote to the minister sixteen times on this matter.
Dou's father, son, and brother held high positions as jiuqing and lieutenant, and their minions were all over the imperial court. Marquis Deng Die, Infantry Lieutenant Deng Lei, Shooting Sound School Lieutenant Guo Ju, Changle Shaofu Guo Huang, and others were all in-laws, and this gang secretly colluded with each other and actually pondered plotting to kill Liu Zhao, the Son of Heaven, which was a major crime of rebellion that was nailed down and wanted to destroy the Nine Tribes in ancient times.
Fortunately, thanks to the ancestor's protection in the Spirit of Heaven, Liu Zhao secretly learned of the plot of this gang of bad people.
Because dou xian's brothers held great power in the imperial government, Liu Zhao, as well as his internal and external ministers, could not get close, and only eunuchs lived with them. Zhongchang Shi and Hook Dun made Zheng Zhong as an official cautious and resourceful, and the most important thing was that he did not collude with Dou's party, so he conspired with him to get rid of Dou Xian.
At the same time, Dou Xian happened to lead his troops out on a campaign, and Liu Zhao, fearing that his troops would cause trouble, did not tolerate it and did not dare to move. Soon after, Dou Xian and Deng Die both returned to Luoyang, the capital division, and Liu Zhao's opportunity came.
Liu Zhao, after much planning, always felt that there was still an oversight, so he wanted to watch the imperial tour of the "Book of Han and the Biography of Foreign Relatives", but he did not see it in the palace, so he was worried. Fortunately, he was reminded by the internal attendant, so he ordered Liu Qing, the King of Qinghe, who was ordered to stay overnight in the palace, to borrow it from Liu Ling, the King of qiancheng. He also ordered Liu Qing to pass on an edict to Zheng Zhong, asking him to secretly collect the precedent of the Heavenly Son's murder of his uncle.
On June 23 of the fourth year of Yongyuan, Liu Zhao, visiting the Northern Palace, ordered Jinwu and the Five Lieutenants of the Northern Army to lead the army to prepare for the battle, so they stationed in the Southern Palace and the Northern Palace, and secretly ordered the city gates to be closed, and the moment of great happiness finally came.
Guo Huang, Guo Ju, Deng Die, and Deng Lei, who were arrogant in the past, were all arrested and imprisoned, and before they could be tried, they were all executed. Then he sent his servants to retrieve Dou Xian's great general seal ribbon, renamed Dou Xian the Title of Champion Hou, and sent them to their respective fiefdoms together with Dou Du, Dou Jing, and Dou Gui, and when the gang arrived at the feudal state, Liu Zhao gave them all to death with an edict.
After Liu Zhao swept away all the forces of his foreign relative Dou in one fell swoop, he finally ushered in the opportunity to pro-government, and the haze of the past had passed away with the wind, leaving behind a court that was in ruins and waiting to be rebuilt.
Liu Zhao was well aware of the difficulties of the situation, so he came to the court every day to listen to the government, read the chapter late at night, and never dared to slack off on political affairs, so it was called "labor and humility have the end". During Liu Zhao's reign, he issued many edicts to help the victims of disasters, reduce taxes, resettle displaced people, and not violate the peasants.
Liu Zhao, who was very sympathetic to the sufferings of the people, issued many edicts to unjustly imprisoned, widows, widows, widows, widows, and widows, and gave them a weak endowment, and warned officials at all levels to reflect on the causes of natural and man-made disasters.
Liu Zhao, deeply aware of the importance of the Qingming Dynasty to the government of the dynasty, attached great importance to the selection and appointment of officials. During his reign, he specially issued four edicts.
In addition, Liu Zhao advocated leniency in the legal system, and the court lieutenant he appointed to run the prison, Chen Pet, was a compassionate and benevolent person, and every time the case was decided, it was based on the classics, and then "obeyed the forgiveness". For those who have made mistakes, they can also be treated leniently according to the specific situation.
In the ninth year of Yongyuan, Empress Dowager Dou died. Liu Zhao finally learned the mystery of his own life in this year, and after half a day, this old lady surnamed Dou was not my mother, and I had to give my mother Liang Guiren a posthumous title, I see who dares to force it?
However, on the issue of how to place Empress Dowager Dou, Liu Zhao made a mistake, so Hu Sangong played: Please follow the story of Empress Dowager Lü according to Guangwu, demean Empress Dowager Dou's honorific title, and it is not appropriate to bury the former emperor together.
However, Liu Zhao, remembering that Empress Dou had the grace to nurture herself, believed that "grace could not bear to be separated, and righteousness could not bear to lose", so he should not be deposed, so he did not demote his honorific title and was honored as Empress Zhangde.
In order to strengthen the centralization of power, the Eastern Han Dynasty court set up eunuch positions such as Zhongchang Shi(中常侍), Huangmen Shilang (黄門侍郎), Dahuangmen (大黄門), and Xiaohuangmen (小黄門) in the imperial court. These eunuchs were in charge of conveying the Heavenly Son's decrees and edicts, and reading the documents submitted by the Shang Shu.
As we said earlier, in the process of Liu Zhao's recapture of power, Zhongchang Shi and Hook Dun made Zheng Zhong directly participate in the planning and implementation of the revolutionary action, and later when he discussed the reward for meritorious deeds, Zheng Zhong was naturally the first to do so.
As a result, Zheng Zhong was promoted to the rank of Great Changqiu, and his official office was "Changqiu Temple", which was the head of the empress's close attendants, usually filled by the emperor's cronies, responsible for proclaiming his will and managing the affairs of the palace.
In the process of rewarding the Ce Xun class, Liu Zhao actually noticed in great detail that Zheng Zhong always resigned more and accepted less, and this kind of humility and benevolence was even appreciated by Liu Zhao.
Since then, whenever Liu Zhao discussed major state affairs and major political strategies with Zheng Zhong, he would be influenced by the eunuch forces, so the history books once said: The eunuch's use of power began from then on.
To speak of conscience, this matter can not all be blamed on Liu Zhao, in the years under his control, a large number of old ministers with both moral integrity and ability have entered the wind and candle years, and new young talents have not emerged in time, and there is a gap in talent, so the eunuch has the opportunity to exploit this loophole.
Finally, let's talk about Liu Zhao's use of soldiers. Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the border has not stopped at all, and we can't say anything about it.
In the matter of using soldiers, it is not too much to use twelve words to describe Liu Zhao, that is: martial arts are outstanding, expanding the territory, and serving the four Yi.
In the fifth year of the Yong Dynasty, the Xiongnu Shan Yu launched a rebellion against Yu, and Liu Zhao sent Zhonglang to quell Ren Shang's troops. In the same year, the defenders of Wuling County broke the Wuling Barbarians; the Qiang Colonel Guanyou rebelled against the Qiang, prompting him to flee; Andan Yu'an rebelled, and was later beheaded by the Marquis of Bone.
In July of the sixth year of the Yongyuan Dynasty, the Western Regions Protector Ban was oversized and destroyed, and more than fifty countries were surrendered to the Western Regions. At the same time, the Southern Xiongnu Feng Hou Shan Yu led the Hu army out of the rebellion.
In September of the same year, Liu Zhao, with Guanglu Xun Deng Hong as his main general, commanded the Yue cavalry lieutenant Feng Zhu, the Xingdu Liao general Zhu Hui, and the Xiongnu zhonglang general Du Chong's general Du Chong's conquest of the Xiongnu rebels. In November of the same year, Ren Shang, the lieutenant of Wuhuan, led Wuhuan and Xianbei to break the waiting for Dan Yu, and then Feng Zhu sent troops to pursue and won another great victory.
In May of the eighth year of the Yongyuan Dynasty, the Southern Xiongnu Right Wenyu Yú King rebelled against Koubian. In July of the same year, the Xingdu Liao general Pang Fen and the Yue Cavalry Lieutenant Feng Zhu pursued the rebels and beheaded the Right Wenyu Calf King. It was also this year that the Cheshi Queen king launched a rebellion.
In March of the ninth year of Yongyuan, Shi Wanglin, the governor of the Western Regions, broke the Cheshi Hou Wang and beheaded him. Still in this year, Liu Zhao sent the general Liu Shang (劉尚) of the Expedition to the West and Zhao Shi (赵世), a lieutenant of the Yue Cavalry Academy, to quell the Qiang rebellion.
In August of the thirteenth year of Yongyuan, the Qiang Lieutenant Zhou Tuan (周鲔i) attacked the Yandang Qiang and won a great victory. In November of the same year, Xianbei invaded Peiping and entered Yuyang, where he was defeated by Yuyang Taishou. In December of the same year, the Wu Man Rebellion invaded Nan County.
In April of the fourteenth year of Yongyuan, Liu Zhao sent an emissary to oversee more than 10,000 soldiers from Jingzhou to suppress Wu Man. Wu Manqu Shuai was beheaded in front of the battle, and his men surrendered, and then moved to Jiangxia County.
On December 22 of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Liu Zhao of Han died of illness at the zhangde front hall of Luoyang at the age of twenty-seven, reigning for eighteen years, and this grandfather, like Qing Yongzheng, had exhausted himself alive.
After Liu Zhao's death, his son Liu Long, who was born only a hundred days ago, succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Yuan Yanping the following year, which is the Emperor of Han that we will talk about next. On the fifth day of the first month of March in the first year of Yanping, Liu Zhao was buried in Shenling, with the title of Muzong and the title of Emperor Xiaohe.
It is worth noting that at the time of Liu Zhao's death, the area of reclaimed land in the country had reached more than 7.32 million hectares, the largest in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the registered population was as high as more than 53.25 million. During Liu Zhao's pro-government period, the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak, and history called it "Yongyuan Zhilong".
All right! Liu Zhao's business, we will talk about it here today, like this article friends, remember to pay attention, collection, comments, likes, coin ~ we will see you in the next issue Ha ~ bye-bye!
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