Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News Reporter Ma Li
"Blessings and Blessings" was broadcast live for the first time, and we saw the whole process of calligraphers writing blessings in the camera, so the problem came. In the message area of the live broadcast room, all kinds of brain-opening question brush brushes flew in, and the live broadcast of sending blessings unconsciously became a calligraphy open class - "What kind of brush did Teacher Wang Dongling use, is it expensive?" "What font is easiest to write well", "When was ink invented"...
The money newspaper reporter's small book randomly recorded eight bullet screens, and several calligraphers were asked for help on the spot, and now, I give you a wave of answers.
1． Was the brush invented by Monty?
In the "Thousand Character Text" that children are familiar with, there is a sentence "Tian Pen Lun Paper", which refers to the paper invented by Meng Tian of the Qin Dynasty and the paper invented by Cai Lun of the Han Dynasty. We can see this in many books. However, Lu Xun once said: "It has always been like this, right?" Lu Xun really said Oh, this sentence is in his famous "Diary of a Madman".
Let's first look for the oracle bones, the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty have a history of about 3300 years, more than 1000 years earlier than Mengtian's classmates. There is a word in the oracle bone, called "聿 (yù)", this word is not common, in ancient times, this word is the pen, the traditional character of the pen is written "筆", and "聿" is a bamboo character.
What does this mean? Explain that the barrel of the brush is made of bamboo.
Come and see the word, like a hand clutching a pen in writing?
In addition, we also found that there are small oracle bones with written but unexscribed text, which is written with a soft pen, so 3300 years ago, there must have been a brush.
2． So how many years are the earliest surviving brushes?
In 1954, archaeologists discovered a Warring States period Chu state wooden tomb in Zuojiagong Mountain, Changsha, Hunan Province, and a brush was unearthed in this tomb. The brush is placed in a special pen sleeve, the pen shaft is made of bamboo, you see, this pen is made of bamboo. The tip of the pen is wrapped with rabbit hair around the periphery of a bamboo pole, wrapped in hemp silk and lacquered with lacquer juice. At that time, the text on the Jian Mu was written with such a tool. This brush is the oldest brush ever found. It's been about 2,200 years.
Fork to say a Song rhyme pen. In 2005, the tomb of Xu Zhili, the "second generation official" of the Southern Song Dynasty, was stolen, and the burial chamber was well preserved, and Xu Zhili was dressed neatly and lay in the coffin. In the world after the death of the Southern Song Dynasty doctor, he also had to write. In addition to the most important documents, brushes, paperweights, ink, stones, etc. were buried, 8 private seals were packed in a box, and he was a civilian official. Unfortunately, the whereabouts of the stolen brush are still unknown.
3． According to your routine, since the "Tian Pen" is not right, I guess the "Lun Paper" will also be overturned, right?
Look at what you said, the money newspaper reporter is mainly laying out the facts and reasoning, not necessarily being strong and being a lever. However, this paper cannot be ignored. Pen and ink paper, four treasures of the study room. Well, a listen, the study room, elegant, but the pattern is not high. But paper is China's four major inventions, and the invention of paper has changed the course of world civilization. So paper is very important.
So was Cai Lun inventing paper?
Cai Lun was a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and history records that he made paper about 1900. Many of the modern archaeological discoveries claim to be paper from the Western Han Dynasty, so that the time of Papermaking in China can be advanced for hundreds of years? However, after physical and chemical analysis, it was found that these so-called "paper" do not have the characteristics of paper and cannot be called paper. The Book of later Han says: "Since the ancient book Qiduo was compiled to be simple, it is called paper by those who use it; it is expensive and simple, and it is not convenient for people, and Lun is the intention, and uses tree skin, hemp head, cloth, and fishing nets as paper; In the first year of Yuan Xing (105), the emperor was good at his ability; since he was not used, the world was called CaiHou paper." The history books make it very clear that before Cai Lun invented paper, he used Jian Mu as a writing material, and later used silk fabric as a writing material, called "paper". Later, Cai Lun used bark, hemp heads, rags, etc., to turn waste into treasure, resulting in what we now call "paper". A eunuch (eunuch eunuch), therefore, was made a marquis, and if there was already paper before, it seems unlikely that he would be credited with such a great merit.
"Ci Hai" all came to Cai Lun: "Cai Lun, the inventor of papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty." ”
Therefore, this time, the money newspaper reporter also tops Cai Lun. Surprise or surprise.
4． Who invented ink?
The money reporter is about to start being reasonable. We have been accepting scientific ideas for a hundred or two hundred years, and the era in which we live is the age of science, so there must be scientific judgments about things. So for this answer, we don't start with "Passed on, a long, long time ago."
Generally speaking, in the process of human evolution, simple things, it is difficult to say that there is an inventor, because everyone can do it unintentionally; more complex things, there may be an inventor, such as paper; very complex things, there will be no inventors, will be formed by many people in a long time, such as writing. Mojing belongs to this relatively simple situation, the ancients with burned charcoal wood a painting, eh, you can draw a black line (not the black line on your forehead); with iron-containing ore, earth and a painting, eh, you can draw a red line. Therefore, on the uncarved oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty, you can see both the Danshu (red) and the ink book. But the shape of ink at that time was probably different from now. Similar to the ink of the present (in fact, not now, the current ink is liquid), the Western Han Dynasty has it. For example, in the tomb of the King of Nanyue in Guangzhou, some ink pills (not cuttlefish balls) have been unearthed.
5． When was Yantai invented?
When it comes to Yantai, we probably all know the four famous stones, the ten famous stones and the like. Literati are also happy to talk about Yan. For example, Mi Fu has "Yan History", and Ouyang Xiu has "Yan Spectrum". What duan yan, she yan, tao yan, cheng ni yan, yi shui yan, longchi yan and so on. History can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, is it already very powerful?
But archaeological discoveries have greatly refreshed our understanding of ancient humans, and many things are beyond our imagination. From 1972 to 1979, archaeologists discovered a prehistoric site in Jiangzhai Village, Lintong, Shaanxi Province, which was later determined to be more than 6,000 years ago. In this site, faience pottery has been unearthed, and the pottery pots are painted with patterns such as fish, frogs, and human faces. A set of painting tools, including stone stones, grinding rods and black mineral pigments, has also been unearthed, and it is obvious that these faience pottery was made from these painting tools. That shows that more than 6,000 years ago, Yan has appeared.
Stone stones and grinding rods excavated from the Jiangzhai site
6． Can you talk about the relationship between the brush and my great Zhejiang?
I suspect you're sending questions. Because the relationship between Zhejiang and the brush is too big.
Let's start with a legend (the legend seems to have a more ancient flavor). Legend has it that Wang Xizhi likes a pen called a chicken distance pen, which is said in the slogan: chicken distance pen, Zhejiang wang Xizhi likes.
A chicken pitch pen from the Shosoin collection in Japan
Legend has it that Teacher Yan Zhenqing's "Manuscript of Sacrifice to the Nephew" was also written with this kind of pen. Because the Tang Dynasty people loved this kind of pen more, Teacher Bai Juyi also wrote a poem for it, "Chicken Distance Pen Endowment", which can be said to be a winner of pen students.
Then, of course, we have to introduce the famous lake pen. Lake pen refers to the brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang. Lake pen became popular, probably in the Yuan Dynasty. The "Chronicle of Huzhou Prefecture" records: "In the Yuan Dynasty, Feng Qingke and Lu Wenbao made pens, and their hometowns were learned and refined, so the pen name of the lake was in the world. "Luxury goods in the world, in the final analysis, are mainly two keywords: master craftsman + pure handmade. The four treasures of the study room, playing this way. Of course, after the industry becomes larger, it is necessary to use the move of geographical indications. How to describe the lake pen, to paraphrase the current words, it is probably called: Rolls Royce in the pen. A translation of the Qing Dynasty's "Longevity Ceremony", the items that pay tribute to the royal family, the lake pen is always indispensable.
7． What is the emphasis on the paper that writes blessings?
It should be emphasized that today we write fu characters and calligraphy (calligraphers probably don't see qianbao reporters using calligraphy and writing side by side), in fact, they are two concepts. Calligraphers write, what kind of paper they use, and what calligraphers write, how big the characters are written, and what pens are used, and the paper intervenes in the creation of calligraphy. This is the behavior of the literati. And when we write Fu zi today, it is actually a style in writing about the Spring Festival. The Fu character probably belongs to the "Bucket Jin" as a square diamond shape, mostly attached to furniture, single doors or shadow walls. Therefore, the main feature of spring paper is to be red (red and red), and if the family has money, they hope that the red paper can also sprinkle some gold ((eat sushi, do not sprinkle gold leaf, which is illegal). These are folklore activities.
8． Why should the word Fu be pasted upside down?
Playing harmonic terriers is not the patent of young people now, this is definitely what our ancestors played with. For example, if you draw a horse riding a monkey, this is called a horse marquis. There is a fish on the painting, and that is more than every year. Drawing bats is Bliss; deer is Lu. Therefore, the word Fu is pasted upside down, of course, it is "blessed".
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