In 301 BC, the Qin generals Shu Changyi, Qi general Kuang Zhang, Wei general Gongsun Xi, and Han general Yu Led the Four Kingdoms to attack the State of Chu,[2] and the State of Chu sent the general Tang Xiao to lead an army against the armies of Qi, Han, and Wei.
The Three Kingdoms combined forces attacked fangcheng in the chu state, and the two sides lined up at the Tang River (in present-day southwest Henan, downstream to Xiangfan into hanshui) and held each other for six months. King Xuan of Qi was impatient with the war, so he sent Zhou Zhi to the position to urge Kuang Zhang to hurry up and fight the river with harsh words, and Kuang Zhang, unwilling to be so wronged, said to Zhou Zhi: 'For me, I have been removed from my post, killed me, and even killed my entire family, which is what the king can do; When the fighter is immature, it is required to go to war, and when the fighter is mature, it is not required to go to war, which is something that the king cannot do in my place. Subsequently, Kuang Zhang ordered people to find a place to cross the river, and because the Chu army fired arrows to guard, the people sent could not go near the river. Later, a woodcutter told him: 'It is too easy to know the depth of the river: everywhere the Chu army is heavily defended, it is a place where the river is shallow; Wherever the Chu army had few defensive troops, it was a place where the river was deep. After hearing this, Kuang Zhang was overjoyed, and immediately selected elite soldiers to cross the river from the place heavily defended by the Chu army at night, launched a surprise attack on the Chu army, and broke the Chu army at the weeping sand near the water (present-day Tang River, Henan).
After the Battle of Chuisha, the coalition forces took advantage of the victory to capture a large area of land north of Chuiqiu (present-day Qinyang County, Henan Province), Wan (present-day Nanyang County, Henan Province), and Ye (present-day Ye County, Henan Province). The land north of Chu Guowan and Ye was seized by Han and Wei. After Tang Xiao's death, the general Zhuang Ji led an army to defect and triggered a people's uprising, which at one point captured the capital of the Chu state, Ying (present-day north of Jiangling, Hubei Province), dividing the chu rule into several pieces.
By destroying the State of Yue in one fell swoop, the State of Chu not only leveled the strategic disadvantage against the State of Qin and increased the strategic depth, but also greatly increased the geopolitical pressure on the State of Qi because the northern border of the State of Chu was suddenly advanced to the southeast of Shandong. It has to be said that the geopolitical superiority of the Qin State played a huge role in the war of annihilation. Although there were many countries destroyed by the State of Qin, the only country with which there was a geopolitical conflict was the State of Chu, and the destruction of the Song Dynasty by the State of Qi and the destruction of the Yue State by the State of Chu both infringed on the interests of most countries geographically. Therefore, the same is the destruction of other countries, the State of Qin suddenly destroyed the three countries of Shu, Tho, and Ba, only to be counterattacked by the State of Chu, while later the State of Qi destroyed the State of Song, but it was attacked by the five combined forces of the State of Qin, Korea, Wei, Zhao, and Yan. After the chu state destroyed the yue state, it was immediately attacked by the three-state alliance of the state of Qi, Korea, and wei. This battle that determined the fate of the Chu State was: the Battle of Weeping Sand!
The Battle of Chuisha in history is not famous, but it is a key battle that turned into decline after the peak of the Chu State. The Battle of Chuisha took place in 301 BC, just five years after the chu state was destroyed. In the face of the strong infiltration of the Chu state in the Central Plains, the State of Qi, Korea, and Wei could not sit still and practiced their hands to attack the State of Chu.
Some people may accuse the Three Kingdoms of being stupid, attacking the Chu State instead of attacking the State of Qin, which is a bit of a cannibalistic taste. In fact, this statement itself is the perspective of future generations to see the past. It should be known that at that time, the State of Chu also had ambitions to unify the world, and the border area with the three kingdoms of Han, Wei, and Qi was much higher than that of the Qin State (the two states of Qi and Qin did not border at all).
Therefore, when the State of Qin was still judging how to break the deadlock and attack the State of Chu, the Three Kingdoms of the Central Plains, led by the State of Qi, took the initiative. After the defeat of the State of Chu, in 300 BC and 298 BC, the State of Qin took advantage of the fire for the second time. The specific battle process of the warring parties, interested readers can Baidu themselves, And What Xiao Xiaoge wants to explain is the evil consequences of the Battle of Chuisha on the Chu State.
The State of Qin gained control of the Danjiang Passage through war and occupied 15 cities in the region of The State of Chu in the area of "Analysis". South Korea, which is close to the Nanyang Basin, attacked the Fangcheng of the Chu state and occupied Wanyi. As a result, the strategic defense system in the northwest of the Chu state collapsed as a whole. In fact, during the Warring States period, all countries built their own "Great Wall", and the Great Wall of the Chu State was the Chu Fang City built around the western, northern and eastern parts of the Nanyang Basin.
The loss of the Nanyang Basin, for the Chu State, from the perspective of attack, lost the possibility of threatening the Wuguan Road in Guanzhong- the Danjiang Corridor; from a defensive point of view, the Nanyang Basin was monopolized by the Chu state and became shared by the Qin, Chu, and Han families, making the Chu Fangcheng completely meaningless. In 291 BC, the State of Qin defeated Korea again, occupied "Wan" Yi, and exerted great pressure on the State of Chu in the Nanyang Basin, since then the State of Chu can only defend, and the State of Qin can choose to move from Nanyang, from Shangyong, and from Bashu to the three lines, down the Danjiang, Hanjiang, and Yangtze Rivers respectively, threatening the core area of the Chu State - the Jianghan Plain. However, the old and spicy Qin State still understood that it was not yet possible to directly fight with the Chu State, after all, the Vitality of the Chu State had not yet been injured, and the shadow of the Battle of Lantian was still in the hearts of the Qin Emperors. If it wanted to defeat the Chu state, the qin state must open a second battlefield.
In the second year of the Battle of Chuisha, Chu attacked Han Zhiyong's clan, and Qin sent Huayang Jun (芈戎, Empress Xuan's father and brother) to attack Chu, destroying the Chu army, beheading 30,000 people, killing its general Jing Que, and capturing Xiangcheng (襄城, in modern Xiangcheng, Henan). Xiangcheng is located in the north of Fangcheng, close to Yiyang, and its strategic position is very important. King Huai of Chu was terrified, and ordered the crown prince to go to the State of Qi as a hostage and marry Qi. In order to curry favor with Qi, Qin also sent Jingyang Jun (the half-brother of King Qin Zhao) to the State of Qi as a hostage, and Qin and Qi repaired.
In 299 BC (the thirtieth year of King Huai of Chu), after Qin stabilized Qi, King Zhao of Qin adopted a policy of soft and hard treatment, fighting and pulling at Chu, on the one hand, he ordered Shu Changyi to lead an army to attack Chu and occupy eight cities in the State of Chu; On the other hand, he also wrote a letter to king Huai of Chu, recalling the goodwill relationship of the Yellow Thorn Alliance and the fact that Prince Heng ''died without thanks'' and led to the exchange of soldiers between Qin and Chu, and then invited King Huai of Chu to the Wuguan HuiMeng to continue to maintain the original marriage and affinity between Feng and Chu ("History of the Chu Family"). After the king of Chu Huai saw the letter, he was very worried, and went, afraid of seeing the deception; If you don't go, you are afraid of Qin Anger, and the relationship will deteriorate. Zhao Sui warned that Qin was a country of tigers and wolves, and had ambitions to devour all countries, and should send troops to defend itself and could not go. However, Zilan, the king of Chuhuai, believed that he could not go against Qin's good intentions and asked king Huai of Chu to go. King Huai of Chu listened to ZiLan's advice and went to Qin Huimeng. King Zhao of Qin ordered a general to pretend to be himself and set up an ambush at Wuguan, and when King Huai of Chu arrived, he closed Wuguan and abducted King Huai of Chu to Xianyang, the capital of Qin. King Qin Zhao's reception of King Chu Huai at Zhangtai was like "'Fan Chen'", and King Chu Huai woke up like a dream at this time, and he was furious, and only then did he regret not listening to Zhao Sui's advice. King Qin Zhao, who wanted to blackmail King Huai of Chu to first cut off the counties of Wu and Qianzhong, and then form an alliance, king Huai of Chu angrily said, "'Qin deceived me and forced me to take the land!'" (Ibid.) He was no longer willing to accede to Qin's unreasonable demands. King Zhao of Qin then detained King Huai of Chu in the State of Qin.
The ministers of the State of Chu thought that the king was detained in Qin, and the crown prince was hostage to Qi, and if Qin and Qi conspired, the State of Chu would be in danger, so they jointly discussed countermeasures and wanted to establish the son of King Huai of Chu in the State of Chu as the monarch. Zhao Sui said, "It is not appropriate for the king and the prince to be trapped in the princes, and now they have set up their sons against the king's orders." So he falsely claimed that King Huai of Chu was dead, reported the funeral to the State of Qi, and welcomed Prince Heng. even? The king intended to "leave the prince to seek the Huaibei of Chu"," and Qi Xiangmeng Believed that "'The neutral king of Yin is that I am holding the empty hostage and acting unjustly in the world'", and advocated the release of the prince to the Chu state. even? The king agreed, and Crown Prince Heng was able to return to China. After returning to China, he was made the monarch of Chu (298-263 BC) (Records of the Chu Dynasty). King Zhao of Qin, seeing that he wanted to blackmail and detain King Huai of Chu and could not obtain land, and the State of Chu was greatly annoyed by the establishment of a new monarch, in 298 BC (the first year of the reign of King Xiang of Chu), sent an army out of Wuguan to attack Chu, defeated the Chu army, beheaded 50,000 people, and took sixteen cities such as Xixia (present-day Xixia, Henan). The State of Chu was once again hit hard.
In 297 BC (the second year of King Xiang of Chu), Han and Wei continued to attack Qin to Hangu Pass under the instigation of Qi Xiangmeng, and King Huai of Chu took the opportunity to abscond back to China, but was discovered by the Qin people and blocked the passage. King Huai of Chu ran from the trail to Zhao to return to China, but Zhao Guo was afraid of Qin and did not dare to accept it. King Huai of Chu again wanted to flee to the state of Wei, but the Qin soldiers chased him and abducted him to the state of Qin. The following year, King Huai of Chu fell ill and died of illness in Qin. Qin sent his coffin back to the Chu state, and all the people of Chu pitied it, like a sad relative. The princes are not directly Qin'' (ibid.). Chu and Qin broke off their friendship.
The reign of King Huai of Chu for thirty years was a period of further fierceness in the wars of annexation between the major powers. The State of Qin continued to grow stronger and more ambitious in the midst of the war, with the ambition to annex the princes. King Huai of Chu lacked understanding of this, "Confused by Zheng Gui internally and deceived by Zhang Yi from the outside" ("History of Qu Yuan's Biography"), he finally slashed his army and died in Qin, and the Chu state declined from prosperity to demise.