[Preface]
The "History of the Chu Family" ranks the tenth article of the Thirty Family Families, mainly recording the history of the Chu State from the bear to the Chu King's negative sword for about 800 years.
[History of the Chu State]
Ancestor of Chu
The ancestor of Chu was from Emperor Gaoyang (高阳, the second grandson of the Yellow Emperor). In this regard, Qu Yuan, who was a disciple of Emperor Chu of Chu, is also mentioned in the "Departure from Sorrow" ("Emperor Gaoyang's Miao-descendants").
Gao Yangsheng said, called Sheng Zhangzhang, Volume Zhangsheng Chongli and Wu Hui. Chongli served as Huozheng (火正官) during the reign of Emperor Gaoxin (号高辛, the third grandson of the Yellow Emperor), but was later reprimanded and continued to serve as Huozheng by Wu Hui. Wu huisheng Lu finally, Lu sheng six sons, of which the six sons Ji Lian is the surname of Qi, and the Chu people are his descendants. Ji Liansheng is attached to depression, attached to depression and cave bear. After the burrowing bear, all the way to the bear, there is a gap in the record.
The State of Chu was first sealed
The bear served King Wen of Zhou. Later, Xiong Xuan (the prince of the State of Chu took the surname of Qi and took Xiong as his surname) as a descendant of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou was enfeoffed by King Cheng of Zhou in Chu (about fifty miles in size) and was given a viscount.
Along with Xiong Xuan, he also served King Cheng of Zhou with Duke Lu (son of Duke Dan of Zhou), Wei Kang Bodai (son of Wei Kang Shufeng), Marquis Xie of Jin (son of Shu Yu of Jin and Tang), and Duke Ding of Qi (son of Prince Shang of Qi).
Establish yourself as king
Living in a barbarian position, the title was only up to the viscount, and the monarch of the Chu state was not reconciled, especially when the Zhou Dynasty was weakening and the Chu state was gradually strengthening. During XiongQu's reign, the Chu state was quite famous in the Yangtze River and Hanshui area. XiongQu had made his eldest son Wu Kang the King of Jurchen, his second son Zhihong the King of E, and his younger son The King of Yuezhang, but because he was afraid that king of Zhou Li was chu, he removed the title of king.
During Xiong Tong's reign, in the thirty-fifth year of Xiong Tong's reign (706 BC), the State of Chu requested to ask the Zhou royal family for an honorific title, but the Zhou royal family refused. In the thirty-seventh year of Xiong Tong (704 BC), Xiong Tong simply established himself as the King of Chu (i.e., the King of Chu Wu, "Wu" is a courtesy name). During this period, the power of the Chu state had expanded from the Jiang and Han areas to the Pudi south of the Yangtze River.
Dominate one side
In the twelfth year of King Wen of Chu (678 BC), Chu destroyed Deng.
In the first year of the reign of King Cheng of Chu (671 BC), King Cheng of Chu sent a tribute to Zhou Tianzi, who gave him a gift (the meat used by Tianzi to sacrifice the Temple) and ordered the town of Chu to quell the rebellion in southern Yiyue and not to invade the Central Plains ("The rebellion of Southern Yiyue in Zhen'er did not invade China"). During the reign of King Cheng, the area of the State of Chu had expanded to a radius of thousands of miles. Twenty-six years (646 BC), Chu annihilated Ying. Thirty-ninth year (633 BC), Chu extinguished.
In the third year of King Mu of Chu (623 BC), Chu destroyed the river. In the fourth year (622 BC), Chu extinguished the sixth and tateyama.
In the third year of King Zhuang of Chu (611 BC), Chu annihilated Yong. In the eighth year, Chu fa lu hunrong, marched to Luo, and paraded troops on the outskirts of the Zhou capital, and the king of Chu Zhuang asked Jiuding whether it was important or not. Thirteen years (601 BC), Chu destroyed Shu.
In the eleventh year of King Zhao of Chu (505 BC), Chu destroyed the Tang. Twenty years (496 BC), Chu Extinguished Dun and Hu.
In the eighth year of King Hui of Chu (481 BC), Chu destroyed Chen. Forty-second year (447 BC), Chu destroyed Cai. Forty-four years (445 BC), Chu extinguished. At that time, although the State of Yue had destroyed the State of Wu, it was unable to occupy the Yangtze River and the huaibei region, and the State of Chu took the opportunity to expand eastward, and its power reached the Surabaya Valley.
In the first year of the reign of King Jian of Chu (431 BC), Chu destroyed Ju.
The above is only the country destroyed by Chu recorded in the "History of the Chu Family". According to other records, the countries that were destroyed by the Chu state were Shen, Xi, Xian, Huang, Yi, Jiao, Xiao, Lai, Yue, Lu, Yun, Yi, Yi, Zhou, Hang, Fan, Fan, Yang, Dao, Jiang, Ying, Jiao, Luo, Yan, and Chao, which together there were more than forty -- the Chu State, the proper hegemon of the party.
Towards decay
In the eleventh year of king Huai of Chu (318 BC), Su Qin agreed through the strategy of "combining the vertical" and agreed that the six kingdoms of Shandong would jointly cut down Qin, and the king of Chu Huai would be the chief. After the Six-Nation Alliance reached Hangu Pass, the State of Qin extended the enemy and the coalition army was defeated. Regarding this battle, Jia Yi has a very wonderful account in the "Theory of Passing Qin", and the final result is: "Qin has no expenses for the relics of the dead, and the princes of the world are already trapped." So he lost from the scattered covenant, fought for the land and bribed Qin... The strong countries please obey, and the weak countries enter the DPRK. Among the "great powers" were the Chu state and the state of Qi. At the instigation of Zhang Yi, king Huai of Chu was deceived, and the alliance between Chu and Qi collapsed. In the seventeenth year (312 BC), in the Battle of Danyang and the Battle of Lantian, the Chu state was greatly defeated by the Qin state. Thirty years later (299 BC), King Huai of Chu went to Wuguan to ally with Qin at the request of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, but was detained by the State of Qin.
In the first year of the reign of King Xiang of Chu (298 BC), Qin fought Chu and Chu was defeated. Three years later (297 BC), King Huai of Chu died in the State of Qin. In the seventh year (292 BC), the State of Chu went to the State of Qin to marry a woman, and Chu and Qin made good friends. In the fourteenth year (285 BC), King Xiang of Chu and King Zhaoxiang of Qin met in Wanwan and concluded a peace treaty. In the sixteenth year (283 BC), King Xiang of Chu and King Zhaoxiang of Qin met again in Yan and Huang. In the nineteenth year (280 BC), Qin fought Chu, Chu was defeated, and Shangyong and Northern Han were given to Qin. Twenty years later (279 BC), the Qin general Bai Qi captured the Western Tombs of the Chu State. Twenty-one years later (278 BC), the Qin general Bai Qi attacked and captured the chu state of Yingdu. In the 22nd year (277 BC), the State of Qin captured Wu Commandery and Qianzhong Commandery of the Chu State. Twenty-three years later (276 BC), the State of Chu seized fifteen cities along the Yangtze River occupied by the State of Qin.
In the first year of the reign of King Chu Kaolie (262 BC), the State of Chu offered The State of Chu to the State of Qin for peace. In the twenty-second year (241 BC), the State of Chu attacked the State of Qin together with various princes, but failed, and the capital of the State of Chu moved east to Shouchun.
In the second year of the reign of the King of Chu (226 BC), the State of Qin defeated the State of Chu, and the State of Chu lost more than a dozen cities. Four years later (224 BC), the Qin general Wang Qi (王翦) broke the Chu army at Pudi, and the Chu general Xiang Yan was killed. In the fifth year (223 BC), the Qin generals Wang Qi and Meng Wu attacked the Chu capital, and the Chu king was captured, and the Chu state was destroyed.
[Postscript]
The State of Chu grew from a small barbarian country with a radius of fifty miles and a subjugated han river to a hegemony of jianghuai with a thousand miles in all directions, which was inseparable from the hard work and active progress of several monarchs. Unfortunately, the State of Chu failed to seize the opportunity to deliver a fatal blow to the State of Qin at Hangu Pass with other countries, and since then it has lost the opportunity to compete with the State of Qin forever. In the later period, the Chu and Qin states were repeatedly defeated until they were destroyed, which was inevitable.
——2022.1.18
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