As we all know, on July 7, 1937, the all-out War of Resistance broke out, and by September, after the Japanese army occupied Pingjin, Chasui and other places, the troops were divided into two roads and went south along the Pinghan and Jinpu lines. On the Pinghan Line, although the Nationalist army resisted step by step, Liu Zhi and other senior generals passively avoided the battle and took the lead in fleeing, and two months later, the Japanese army lianke Baoding, Zhengding, Shimen, Xingtai, Handan, Anyang, 300,000 nationalist troops crossed the Yellow River to the south and west to escape.
On the Jinpu Line, Han Fuyu, chairman of Shandong Province, initially resolutely resisted japan, leading the Zhan Shutang Division, Sun Tongxuan's Division, and Cao Fulin's Division, as well as the Group Army Pistol Brigade north to Dezhou. The Zhan Shu Tang Division attacked Sangyuan Station at night and annihilated a squadron of the Japanese Tenth Division. He also set up an ambush in Zhongzi Town, annihilated the first squadron of the Japanese army, and sun Tongxuan's division stubbornly defended Dezhou, repelling many Japanese attacks, forcing the Japanese army to temporarily stop going south and win the first victory in the North China War of Resistance.
In mid-November 1937, after a short rest, the Japanese army attacked Dezhou, Cao Fulin's division fought hard with the Japanese army on the front line of Jiyang and Shanghe, Han Fuyu led more than 70 elite guards and pistol brigades to the Jiyang front to supervise the battle, and in a village near Xiguan in Jiyang, he met a Japanese rapid assault force composed of armored convoys and cavalry units. Han, under the desperate cover of the guards, broke through the siege.
When he returned to Jinan, only 9 guards were left around Han Fuyu, and the remaining more than 60 people were all killed. According to Japanese war reports, the 5th and 10th Divisions advancing south on the Jinpu Line suffered as many as 4,000 casualties in the battle with the Han Fuyu Army, which was higher than the casualties on the Pinghan Line.
After retreating to Jinan, Chairman Han was frightened by the Japanese army and never mentioned resistance again. In December 1937, when the Japanese army approached the Yellow River, Han Fuyu disregarded the strong demands of the people from all walks of life in Shandong Province and abandoned Jinan to withdraw south after bombing the Yellow River Bridge. Li Zongren, who had just become the commander of the Fifth Theater, ordered Han Fuyu to die in Tai'an, and Han Fuyu said: Nanjing is not guarded, He Shou Tai'an. Directly abandoning Tai'an to continue to retreat south, the last breath withdrew to the Luohe River in Henan with the Third Army and the Shandong Provincial Government. Just over half a year after the July 7 Incident broke out, Shandong fell to the ground.
After the fall of the whole territory of Shandong, our party mobilized the army and the people who were not willing to be slaves to the country, organized more than a dozen anti-Japanese armed uprisings such as the Lailaishan Uprising, established dozens of armed forces, and launched anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare. In June 1938, the provincial party committee of the Sulu Yuwan Border Region successively reorganized the rebel forces in various places into the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Detachment of the Eighth Route Army. On December 27, with the approval of the central authorities, the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army was established in Wangzhuang, Yishui County, with Zhang Jingwu as the commander, Li Yu as the political commissar, Wang Bin as the chief of staff, and Jiang Hua as the director of the political department. The total number of troops is 25,000.
At that time, the Shandong column was seriously short of military and political cadres, and in order to enrich the leading strength of the column, our party selected more than 160 regimental and battalion-level cadres from the Shandong Anti-Japanese Liberation Army after the Shandong Uprising to send most of the commanders, political commissars, and chief officers of the nine detachments of the Shandong Column from these more than 160 cadres.
So, what rank did the commanders of these nine detachments receive after the founding of the People's Republic of China?
The second detachment was reorganized from the anti-Japanese guerrillas in Yishui and Juxian and was commanded by Liu Yong.
Liu Yong, a native of Xingguo, Jiangxi, joined the Red First Army in 1930, and from the time of being a company propagandist, he successively served as the captain of the propaganda team of the Propaganda Department of the Political Department of the Second Red Division, the commander of the communications company of the division's direct subordinate unit, the company instructor, the commissioner of the first regiment of the Red First Division, and the special commissioner of the eleventh regiment of the Red Fourth Division. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he first went to the Kang Da to study for a year, and then was sent to Shandong to serve as the commander of the second detachment of the Shandong Column. After the reorganization of the first phase of the Shandong Column, Liu Yong was transferred to the positions of political commissar of the second regiment of the four detachments, commander of the second detachment, commander of the Binhai Military Subdistrict, commander of the fifth regiment of the Second Brigade of the Shandong Column, and commander of the East Naval Subdistrict of the Jiaodong Military Region.
During the Liberation War, Liu Yong served as the brigade commander of the Fourth Brigade of the Jiaodong Military Region, the commander of the Sixth Division of the Shandong Field Army, the commander of the 26th Division of the Ninth Column of Huaye, the deputy commander of the Jiaodong Military Region, and the deputy commander and chief of staff of the 32nd Army. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the commander of the Thirty-second Army, and was awarded the rank of major general in 1955.
The third detachment was reorganized from the 5th Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army in Qinghe District, and its commander was very famous, that is, Ma Yaonan, one of the three commanders of the first horse.
Ma Yaonan, a native of Changshan County, Shandong Province, is very familiar to everyone, and has previously broadcast the TV series "One Horse and Three Commanders", which tells the story of Ma Yaonan's three brothers who threw themselves into the anti-Japanese resistance and sacrificed themselves one after another. Ma Yaonan came from a wealthy family, was a student bully in his early years, and graduated from Zhoucun Higher Primary School, Shandong Provincial No. 1 Middle School, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Beiyang University with honors. When he was in college, he devoted himself to the political movement, participated in the three major congresses of the Kuomintang, and also participated in the movement to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek. After his defeat, he returned to his hometown to serve as the principal of a secondary school.
After the fall of Jinan, Ma Yaonan felt the loss of the land, sold his property to engage in anti-Japanese activities, and together with the underground party members active in Qinghe and the old Red Army Yang Guofu and Liao Rongbiao, launched the Black Iron Mountain Uprising, and formed the Fifth Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army, serving as chief of staff, with 7 detachments and 30 squadrons under its jurisdiction. Among them, the commander of the first detachment, Ma Tianmin, was Ma Yaonan's third brother, and the commander of the seventh detachment, Ma Xiaoyun, was Ma Yaonan's second brother. Therefore, the common people call it "one horse and three commanders", and there are also songs and ballads: one horse and three commanders, suffering from anti-Japanese disease. Fight Japan together and defend the common people.
Unfortunately, in early June 1939, the Japanese army entangled more than 5,000 people, equipped with more than 10 guns of various kinds, and more than 20 cars, and suddenly surrounded the three detachments stationed in the area of Liujiajing in Zouping County. On July 22, when Commander Ma and his party broke through on horseback, they were suddenly ambushed and shot by the Japanese army, and they were martyred at the age of 37. Yang Guofu, the commander of the old Red Army regiment who commanded the operation in the encirclement circle, burst into tears when he heard this.
The fourth detachment was reorganized from the independent 1st Division of the Shandong Anti-Japanese Coalition Army in the former Luzhong District, and was commanded by Liao Rongbiao.
Liao Rongbiao, a native of Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province, joined the Red Third Army in 1929 and successively served as the squad leader of the Political Protection Team of the Fifth Army of the Red Third Army, the platoon commander of the 10th Regiment of the 4th Division, and the company commander of the 13th Regiment of the 5th Division. Before the Long March, he was transferred to the Red First Army, serving as the commander of the first battalion of the Red Second Regiment, and during the Long March, he served as the company commander of the 1st Column of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment. After arriving in northern Shaanxi, he participated in the Battle of Zhiluo Town and became the commander of the Independent 5th Regiment of the Red Army. In 1937, he entered the Kang University.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Liao Rongbiao was ordered to work in Changshan County, Shandong Province, carried out anti-Japanese activities under the cover of physical education teachers, participated in the launching of the Black Iron Mountain Uprising and the formation of the Fifth Army of the Shandong People's Salvation Army, led his troops to attack Changshan City at night, ambushed Japanese motorboats, and transferred to the Sanguan Temple, and then transferred to the fourth detachment of the Shandong Column as commander, successively serving as the deputy brigade commander of the 1st Brigade of the Shandong Column, the commander of the 4th Brigade and the commander of the Taishan Military Subdistrict, the commander of the First Military Subdistrict of the Luzhong Military Region and the commissioner of the Taishan District. Participated in and led the struggle to create an anti-Japanese base area in Taishan District.
During the Liberation War, Liao Rongbiao served as the commander of the 4th Division of the Shandong Military Region, the deputy commander of the Bohai Naval Region, the commander of the Jinan Garrison District, the deputy commander of the East China Public Security Headquarters and the Songhu Police Command, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the commander of the Anhui Provincial Military Region, and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in 1955.
The fifth detachment was formed by the 3rd Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army and the 3rd Detachment of the Jiaodong Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Army in Jiaodong District, and the commander was Gao Jinchun.
Gao Jinchun, a native of Mizhi, Shaanxi, joined the Party in 1930, engaged in student movement work in Xi'an and Yulin in his early years, joined the Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian Red Army guerrilla group led by Liu Zhidan in 1932, and successively served as a soldier of the Second Guerrilla Brigade, an officer of the Political Department of the Brigade, an instructor of the Cavalry Company of the Second Regiment of the Forty-second Division of the Red Twenty-sixth Army, an instructor of the Cavalry Battalion, a political commissar of the Second Cavalry Regiment of the Cavalry Division of the Red Army, and a political commissar of the Cavalry Regiment directly under the Red Fifteenth Army.
After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Gao Jinchun was transferred to Jiaodong, participated in leading the Tianfushan Uprising, and successively served as the commander-in-chief of the Third Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army, the director of the Jiaodong Military and Political Committee, the leader of the Fifth Detachment of the Shandong Column, and the political commissar of the Fifth Brigade of the Shandong Column, and went to Yan'an in 1944 to attend the Seventh National Congress. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he was transferred to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jinsui Joint Defense Army, where he was the commander of the Guanzhong Military Sub-district, the commander of the First Brigade of the Guards Brigade, the commander of the First Brigade of the Fourth Column of the Northwest Field Army, the commander of the Tenth Division of the Fourth Army of the First Field Army, and the deputy commander and chief of staff of the Fourth Army.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Gao Jinchun was transferred to Xinjiang to work, serving as vice chairman of Xinjiang Province, director of the Department of Commerce, secretary of the Autonomous Region Political and Legal Committee, etc. Due to the transfer to local work, he did not receive a military rank in 1955.
The sixth detachment was formed by the combination of the Taishan West District Anti-Enemy Self-Defense Regiment and the Wenshang County Guerrilla Force, and the commander was Liu Haitao.
Liu Haitao, formerly known as Liu Baoren, a native of Dong'a, Shandong, broke into Guandong in his early years because of his family's poverty and went to the Zhuhe River in Jilin to make a living. After the September 18 Incident, he joined the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, got to know the famous Zhao Shangzhi, and has been following Zhao Shangzhi in the southern expedition to the northern war, successively serving as the captain of the first brigade of the Hadong detachment, the commander of the first regiment of the Third Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, and the commander of the first division, and led the three counties of Lianke Fangzheng, Yilan, and Boli, and made outstanding military achievements.
Unfortunately, in November 1941, the Japanese army dispatched tens of thousands of people to carry out a major sweep of the Luzhong Military Region, and the Japanese army surrounded the guard platoon and youth battalion of the military region led by Liu Haitao.
The Ninth Detachment consisted of the former Putai Anti-Japanese Brigade, commanded by Wang Lincoln.
Wang Lincoln, formerly known as Wang Linge, is an older revolutionary in Shandong, born in Gaomi County in 1888, participated in the revolutionary activities of the Shandong branch of the League in his early years, and engaged in underground work in Qingdao. During the Xinhai Revolution, he used to raise 400 taels of silver to form the Qingzhou Rebel Army and restore gaomi county. During the Second Revolution, he participated in the Shandong Campaign to Woo Yuan and served as the quartermaster of the Second Division of the Northeast Army of the Chinese Revolutionary Army. During the Great Revolution, he served as the secretary of the Nationalist Three Armed Forces, participated in anti-Chiang Kai-shek activities, and fled to Japan after his defeat. In 1936, he returned to China to join Han Fuyu and served as the county magistrate of Putai County.
In December 1937, Han Fuyu abandoned Shandong, Wang Lincoln sold his property, formed the Putai Anti-Japanese Brigade, and successively defected to the nationalist generals Shi Yousan, Gao Shuxun, and The local power faction of Shandong Cai Jinkang, but Wang Lincoln found that the Nationalist army was seriously corrupt, and only cared about grabbing territory and attacking each other, without the slightest intention of resisting Japan.
In April 1939, the Shandong Column carried out a phase of reorganization, organized Wang Lincoln to the Kuomintang Shandong Provincial Government to engage in united front and underground work, served as the head of the roving supervision group of the anti-Japanese people's movement in Gaomi County, Shandong Province, and in 1940 sent him to Anqiu to do zhang buyun work. After Zhang Buyun surrendered, Wang Lincoln left Anqiu and served as a senior senator of the Shandong branch. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Lincoln served as vice chairman of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Provincial Museum of Culture and History, and died in 1960, because he left the army earlier, he did not receive a military rank.
The twelfth detachment was reorganized from the 7th and 8th detachments under the jurisdiction of the former Ludong Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Command, and the former 4th detachment was reorganized, and the commander was Dong Muzhong.
Dong Muzhong, a native of Daling Village, Linyi County, worked in the Party Department of Shandong Province of the Kuomintang in his early years. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he and his brother Dong Shaobai, a member of our party, pulled up an anti-Japanese guerrilla force of 500 people in Fei County and Linyi. Dong Shaobai adhered to the united front, absorbed anti-Japanese armed forces in Yinan, Fei County, and other places, and grew to more than 3,000 people. In December 1938, it was reorganized into the 12th detachment of the Shandong Column.
At the end of March 1939, our army carried out the first phase of the reorganization of the Shandong column, and decided to merge the five detachments of sixty-one regiments and twelve detachments into the second detachment, and Dong Muzhong was changed to deputy commander. Dong Muzhong was seriously dissatisfied with his demotion, and coupled with his old superior, Qin Qirong, the former head of the Kuomintang Shandong Provincial Party Organization Section and the current commander of the Lubei guerrilla army, repeatedly co-opted him, Dong Muzhong decided to defect and defected to Qin Qirong. Our army promptly launched a hoe-rape struggle and annihilated the rebels in northern Yibei, and Dong Muzhong was killed.
The First General Brigade of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, which was formed by the Lunan Uprising Armed Forces, and the Second General Brigade of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, formed by the rebel armed forces in the area west of Weishan Lake, was reorganized, and its commander was Li Zhenqian.
Li Zhenqian, a native of Feng County, Jiangsu Province, graduated from Xuzhou Normal School in his early years, and after graduation, he successively served as the principal of Feng County Normal School, the principal of Feng County Middle School, and the executive member of the Feng County Party Department of the Kuomintang. After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Under the leadership of the Xuzhou Special Committee and based on Fengxian Middle School, Li Zhenqian organized the "Youth Anti-Japanese National Salvation Service Group" and joined the Party in the spring of 1938.
In April 1938, Li Zhenqian sold all his family property and mobilized relatives and friends to establish the Sixth Squadron of the Fengxian Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Group in his hometown of Li Xinzhuang, which was merged into the Shandong Column Advance Detachment in late December, with Li Zhenqian as the commander. In June 1939, the Japanese army launched a summer sweep of the Feng County base area, Li Zhenqian used guerrilla tactics, led the team to ambush on both sides of the highway, took advantage of the situation to attack the enemy, killed and wounded hundreds of Japanese troops, and took advantage of the situation to annihilate the traitor Wang Xianchen's troops, eliminated more than 700 Japanese and puppet troops, and captured the puppet county magistrate Zhu Qisen alive.
In 1940, the Huxi Commissioner's Office was established, with Li Zhenqian as the commissioner. On December 20, 1942, the Japanese army gathered more than 10,000 infantry, cavalry artillery and puppet troops in various counties to encircle the anti-Japanese base area in Huxi, and Li Zhenqian led the special office organs and troops to resist bravely. During the breakout, he was unfortunately shot and martyred.
The Longhai Road Southward Detachment was reorganized from the Pixian guerrilla forces, and was commanded by Zhong Hui.
Zhong Hui, a native of Ruijin, Jiangxi, joined the Red First Army in 1932 and served as a soldier, a squad leader of the 29th Regiment of the 10th Division, a propagandist of the Political Department of the Ninth Division of the 3rd Army, a platoon leader of the Red 2nd Regiment, a section member of the RegimentAl Security Bureau, a deputy commissioner of the direct subordinate team of the Field Command of the Central Military Commission, a commissioner of the 67th Regiment of the 23rd Division of the Red Eighth Army, and a political commissar of the Red 1st Regiment, and participated in the anti-encirclement and suppression and long marches in the Soviet Union.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhong Hui first engaged in united front work, successively serving as a staff officer of the Liaison Office of the Commander's Department of the Eighteenth Group Army stationed in the First Theater, and director of the Political Department of the Provisional Ninth Division of the Nationalist Army. In December 1938, he was sent to work in northern Jiangsu, and in Xulou Village, Pi County, the guerrilla armed forces in Pi County were unified and integrated into the Longhainanjin Detachment of the Shandong Column, creating the first anti-Japanese armed force led by our party in northern Jiangsu. In February 1939, Zhong Hui led his troops to adopt the method of encircling points to fight reinforcements, first defeating the reinforcements, then restoring the county seat of Pi County, annihilating more than 100 Japanese puppet troops, and entering the first department of the Central Party School of Yan'an in 1942.
During the Liberation War, Zhong Hui was transferred to Rehe and served as commander of the Rexi Military Subdistrict, commander of the Rebei Military Subdistrict, political commissar of the 161st Division of the 11th Column of Dongye, deputy political commissar of the Fuliang Military Subdistrict of the Jiangxi Provincial Military Region, political commissar of the 142nd Division of the 48th Army, director of the Artillery Political Department of the Northeast Military Region, political commissar of the Volunteer Army Artillery Command Post, and chief of artillery staff of the Central Military Commission. He was awarded the rank of Major General in 1955.
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