As many people know, the main force of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army in the middle of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression advanced into Shandong and consolidated and expanded the anti-Japanese base area in Shandong. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Shandong base area sent a large number of troops to the northeast to make the first contribution to the creation of a powerful Northeast Field Army.
Because the 115th Division has been fighting in Shandong for a long time, some people can't figure out the difference between the 115th Division and the Old Eighth Road in Shandong, and mistakenly think that the Shandong Eighth Route Army belongs to the 115th Division, or mention the Eighth Route Army troops from Shandong, think that they are all the troops of the 115th Division, and even credit the development and growth of the Northeast Field Army to the original 115th Division - this is a misunderstanding.
First of all, let's talk about the first question, the difference between the 115th Division and the Old Eighth Road in Shandong
After the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army crossed the Yellow River in the east to fight the War of Resistance, it was initially active in the southwestern Jin Dynasty. At that time, there were anti-Japanese uprising armed forces led by local party organizations in Shandong, and the numbers of these units were relatively large, generally titled "XX Detachment" and "XX Self-Defense Regiment".
In order to integrate the strength of the Eighth Route Army in Shandong and strengthen the unified leadership of the Eighth Route Army in all parts of Shandong, on December 27, 1938, the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army was formally established. Commander-in-Chief Zhang Jingwu is an "airborne" cadre sent by the central authorities, and political commissar Li Yu is a local cadre in Shandong. In order to strengthen the military command of the Shandong Column, the Party Central Committee also sent from Yan'an Wu Kehua, Hu Qicai, and other veteran Red Army soldiers, all of whom belonged to the remaining cadres of the Eighth Route Army at that time and did not belong to any division.
Zhang Jingwu, commander-in-chief of the Shandong Column, and Li Yu, political commissar
The 115th Division entered Shandong from southwest Jin at the end of 1938, first forming the advance Suluyu Detachment, and then acting division commander Chen Guang and political commissar Luo Ronghuan led the main forces of the 115th Division and the 343rd Brigade to shandong.
However, at this time, the 115th Division and the Shandong Column were at the same level and had no affiliation with each other. In May 1939, the Party Central Committee transferred Xu Qianqian, deputy commander of the 129th Division, to Shandong, where he served as the commander of the First Column of the Eighth Route Army and led the 115th Division and the Shandong Column in a unified manner. For a long time, the Shandong Column and the 115th Division were roughly along the two sides of the Jinpu Railway, adopting a strategic division of labor and becoming two parallel armed forces.
In June 1940, Xu Xiangqian returned to Yan'an. In January 1941, the number of the First Column of the Eighth Route Army was abolished, and the 115th Division and the Shandong Column each acted independently, maintaining independence and direct contact with the Party Central Committee and the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army.
In August 1942, the Shandong Column was renamed the Shandong Military Region, which was the old Shandong Military Region. In March 1943, the Central Committee decided to solve the phenomenon of the separation of the party, government, military and government in Shandong, implemented unified leadership, and decided to merge the 115th Division and the old Shandong Military Region (formerly the Shandong Column), and the official name after the merger was the Shandong Military Region of the Eighth Route Army (new).
It should be noted that the 115th Division and the Old Shandong Military Region (formerly the Shandong Column) were merged, rather than the Old Shandong Military Region (formerly the Shandong Column) joining the 115th Division. The 115th Division number is retained externally, but this is only nominal, this is because the 115th Division is the official number granted by the Kuomintang government, the reservation of the number is for the sake of legitimacy, and there must always be a formal title in external dealings, but within the unit, in fact, there is no longer a 115th Division.
After the establishment of the new Shandong Military Region of the Eighth Route Army, there were 6 military regions under its jurisdiction (later changed to 5), and the former Shandong Column unit and the former 115th Division were incorporated into each military region, and the highest structure of the unit was the regiment. In the most difficult stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, all the main forces were localized, and the main forces were merged with the military sub-districts. It was not until the great counteroffensive in the last stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression that the field corps was formed to adapt to cross-regional mobile operations, and the troops of the Shandong Military Region were organized into 8 divisions, 12 garrison brigades, plus local troops, a total of 270,000 people.
At this time, the former Shandong Column and the former 115th Division were already you and me, and I had you. Most of the military chief officers at all levels of the Shandong Military Region's units are cadres of the former 115th Division, but there are also many former Red Fourth Front cadres directly appointed by the central authorities, such as Xu Shiyou, Wang Jian'an, and others.
Therefore, the development and growth of Shandong's Old Eighth Road cannot be one-sidedly said to be the credit of the 115th Division, let alone the 115th Division and the Old Eighth Road in Shandong.
Looking at the second question, is the growth of Shino the credit of the former 115th Division?
At that time, there were 110,000 troops in the whole army "breaking into the Kwantung", and the Shandong Military Region went to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th Divisions and other units, a total of more than 60,000 people. Another important force came from the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army, which was formerly known as the 344th Brigade of the 115th Division. After they arrived in the northeast, they spread their branches and leaves, and the later northeast million army gradually developed on this basis.
Therefore, some people believe that this proves the strength of the 115th Division when writing articles, and some people who have no knowledge of military history are prone to simply equate the 115th Division with the Red Army and the Red First Army, infinitely exaggerating the role of "double one".
So can it be said that the northeast million army mainly relies on the old foundation of the 115th Division? That's at most half true.
The troops who went to the northeast later added a lot of new elements, and the soldiers were mainly local workers and peasants in the northeast, but most of the senior cadres were commanders and fighters during the Red Army period, and most of the cadres at the battalion and regimental levels were the old Eighth Road and the old New Fourth Army. If we trace back to the roots, the Dongye headquarters basically inherited the main structure of the former 115th Division Headquarters, and Lin Biao's staff team was basically the command team of the former 115th Division Headquarters and the Shandong Military Region Headquarters that Luo Ronghuan had brought to the northeast, but the formation of the columns and divisions was much more complicated and cumbersome.
There is no need to disassemble the sources of each column and each division here, one is that the space is not enough, the other is too cumbersome, it is easy to confuse people, and those who are interested can search on their own, or consult military history books.
In fact, the most emblematic of Dongye's combat effectiveness is undoubtedly the main forces of Dongye, and from the source of their troops, we can more intuitively analyze how many components the old troops of the 115th Division account for, how much is the proportion of "double one", and how much they contribute to the combat effectiveness of the four fields.
Higashino is known to have seven first-class main divisions
The 1st Column 1st Division (112th Division), formerly the 1st Shandong Division
1st Column 2nd Division (113th Division), formerly Shandong 2nd Division
5th Division (116th Division), formerly the 10th Brigade of the New Fourth Army
The 7th Division of the Third Column (118th Division), the former 3rd Division of Shandong
The 10th Division (121st Division) of the Fourth Column, the former 6th Division of Shandong
The 16th Division (127th Division) of the Sixth Column, formerly the 7th Brigade of the New Fourth Army
The 17th Division (128th Division) of the Sixth Column, the former 7th Division of Shandong
The units of the original 115th Division were: 1st Division, 2nd Division, 5th Division, and 16th Division. The units of the former Shandong Column were: 7th Division, 10th Division, and 17th Division.
Higashino is known to have five main columns
The first column (38th Army), its main components are the Shandong 1st Division (later renamed the 1st Column 1st Division, the 38th Army 112th Division), the Shandong 2nd Division (later renamed the 1st Column 2nd Division, the 38th Army 113th Division), they are the old foundation of the 115th Division, but the 1st Column 3rd Division (later renamed the 1st Column 3rd Division, 38th Army 114th Division) was formerly the Coastal Detachment reorganized from the rebel forces of the Northeast Army. Some people mention the 38th Army (38th Army) and say that this was developed by the Pingjiang Uprising, but in fact, the real Pingjiang Uprising was only the 334th Regiment of the 112th Division, that is, the "Pingjiang Uprising Regiment"; like the predecessor of the 338th Regiment of the 113th Division, it was the 223rd Regiment of the 75th Division of the Red 25th Army from Eyuwan, and they joined the Red Army after the Long March, and had nothing to do with the Red First Army.
The Second Column (39th Army), whose predecessor was the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army led by General Huang Kecheng to the northeast, and the 344th Brigade of the 115th Division, they were the main descendants of the Red 15th Army, the 25th Red Army of Eyu anhui, and the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, of which the main force of the 2nd Column, the 5th Division (116th Division of the 39th Army), was developed from the 26th Army of northern Shaanxi.
The two divisions of the Third Column (40th Army) were formerly known as the 3rd Shandong Division and the 3rd Shandong Garrison Brigade, both of which were reorganized from the local units of the Luzhong Military Region; the other division was formerly the 16th Military Sub-district of the Jireliao Military Region, which was developed by the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Jidong Special Committee.
The predecessor of the Fourth Column (41st Army) was the 5th and 6th Divisions of Shandong, which were developed by several local armed forces of the Jiaodong Military Region.
The Sixth Column (43rd Army) is the oldest unit of our army, the 16th Division (127th Division of the 43rd Army) was formerly known as the Red 2nd Division, which was the "double one" unit of Gen Zheng Miaohong, and it was also the old unit that Lin Biao had fought for the longest time; the 17th Division (128th Division of the 43rd Army) was one of Lin Biao's favorite divisions in the northeast, and was often drawn out as a reserve unit directly under the headquarters, his predecessor was the local armed forces in the Ludong area, and after joining the Eighth Route Army, it was organized into the 3rd Brigade of the Shandong Column, which was later reorganized into the Shandong 7th Division The 18th Division (129th Division of the 43rd Army) was formerly known as the 6th Brigade of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army.
The five main columns of Dongye can represent the overall combat effectiveness of Dongye to a certain extent. From their organization, it can be seen that the proportion of the "double one" does not occupy an absolute advantage, of which the 38th Army and the 43rd Army are developed on the basis of the 115th Division, especially the Red First Army; although the 39th Army is also the bloodline of the 115th Division, it mainly inherits the Red Fifteenth Army. The 40th Army and the 41st Army were basically developed by the local armed forces of the Shandong Column.
In addition to these five main columns, the later columns were formed with the strongest combat effectiveness of the Tenth Column (47Th Army), and the main component of the 47th Army was the 359th Brigade's Southbound Detachment, formerly known as the Red Sixth Army of the Red Second Front.
From this point of view, it is indeed not necessary to simply equate the strength of Higashino with the 115th Division and the "Double One" in comparison.
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