preface
Speaking of absolute sentences, the origin actually predates the Tang Law. However, there are always people who say that the last sentence is half of the rhythmic poem.
If it is not opposed, it is to intercept the beginning and end, if it is all against the battle, it is to intercept the middle two, if the last two sentences are opposed, it is to intercept the first two, if the first two sentences are opposed, it is to intercept the last two.
I don't know whose mouth this statement came from? Old Street always sees people leave messages saying this.
Regarding this view, Wang Fuzhi, a scholar of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, said:
Severed head and foot, just for the executioner. I don't know who said this, but the physiology of the people?
First, the absolute sentences are all against each other, is it to intercept the middle binary?
The four sentences are all against each other, much like the middle diptych of the Vinaya poem, such as Du Fu's "Absolute Sentence":
Two yellow orioles singing green willows, a row of egrets on the blue sky. The window contains the West Ridge Thousand Autumn Snow, and the door is docked east Wu Wanli Ship.
The middle two of the seven laws are all against each other, such as Du Fu's "Eight Songs of Qiuxing":
Gyokuro withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia Qi Xiao Sen.
The waves between the rivers and the sky are surging, and the wind and clouds are plugged into the ground.
Cong Ju opened his tears twice, and the lonely boat was in the heart of the old garden.
The cold coat is full of knife rulers, and the White Emperor City is high and urgent.
It seems to make sense, but an excellent work, if the interception of the middle two is a sentence?
The waves between the rivers and the sky are surging, and the wind and clouds are plugged into the ground. Cong Ju opened his tears twice, and the lonely boat was in the heart of the old garden.
Formally correct, but clearly headless in content.
A good sentence is a complete work, even if the four sentences are all right, but the content is complete, so that people do not realize that the four sentences are all right. Similarly, a good sentence cannot be preceded by two sentences to form seven laws (or five laws), because it will add snakes to the foot.
In the same way, this way of cutting off the head, cutting off the tail, intercepting the middle, and intercepting the two ends is only a fabrication made by later generations according to the characteristics of the Vinaya poem.
Of course, in reality, there is a phenomenon of intercepting some of the poems, for example, I remember learning Bai Juyi's grass when I was a child, and there were only the first two in the textbook:
Away from the grass on the original, one year old and one withered away. Wildfires burn endlessly, and spring winds blow again.
Later, I learned that this is a five-law poem, which turned out to be eight sentences:
Away from the grass on the original, one year old and one withered away.
Wildfires burn endlessly, and spring winds blow again.
Yuanfang invaded the ancient road, and Qingcui took over the deserted city.
He sent Wang Sun to go again, and he was full of affection.
This interception is for the convenience of young children's learning. Children learn from easy-to-understand sentences.
Second, the five words and sentences come from the five ancient poems, and the seven words come from the song
So where do the phrases come from? Wang Fuzhi said:
The five-word sentence comes from the five-word ancient poem, and the seven-word sentence comes from the song line, and this two-body version precedes the Vinaya poem;
Wang Fuzhi believes that the five words of ancient poetry began to prevail in the Han Dynasty. For example, nineteen ancient poems, Mulan Ci (mostly five sentences) and so on. Twenty-seven words and sentences come from the song and poetry.
The five-character poems of Han Wei were all ancient poetry, and at that time there were no requirements such as four voices and equal servants. Therefore, the early five absolutes are all ancient poetry.
For example, Xu Ling's "Jade Terrace New Yong" of the Chen Dynasty contains "ancient absolute sentences" and ancient absolute sentences with flat rhymes:
Where is the anvil now, there are mountains on the mountain. He Dang was a big knife head, and the broken mirror flew into the sky.
There is an ancient sentence with rhymes:
The silk is from the long wind, and the rhizome is not broken. Ruthless is still not far away, can there be affection to say goodbye?
This kind of sentence is not a near-body poem (grammatical poem) at all, and naturally there is no possibility of intercepting the vinaya.
The popularity of Qiyan poetry was relatively late, and during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Bao Zhao, a literary scholar of the Song Dynasty, was the first poet to create a large number of Qiyan poems. For example, his Lefu poem "Eighteen Songs of The Difficult Road and Its Twelve":
This year's sun is full of flowers, and next year's winter snow is full of censor.
The metabolism of the passage is chaotic, and I am on the side of the side.
It has been three years since the chanting, and there is no sound in the silence.
Towards the tragic and miserable into drops, Twilight thoughts around the most sad.
Anointing Mu Fang remained for a long time, and there was no hairpin on the head of the hair.
Flying lightly danced in the air, and the pink basket was revived.
Born and left in the world, he was miserable and unhappy, and his heart was full of sorrow.
The Southern Dynasty experienced the Song Qi Liang Chen Four Dynasties, and during the Qi Liang period, the Yongming body appeared, and poets began to pay attention to the four voices. But the Seven Laws of Poetry did not appear until the Tang Dynasty.
Emperor Wen of Liang's last sentence ,"Night Looking at a Single Flying Swallow", is an ancient text of seven words:
The night stars in the north of the frost river are rare, and a goose hisses where to return. Knowing that halfway should be lost, it is better to never fly alone.
It can be seen that the early five and seven absolutes were ancient poetry rather than near-body poetry. So it can't be part of the interception of the Vinaya.
3. Is the verse derived from the five and seven absolutes?
Wang Fuzhi instead said:
The poems came out from this, and the performances were full of ears.
The Vinaya comes from the five and seven absolutes. However, this may be refuted by some people. Many people believe that the Vinaya comes from the Eternal Body. In the Yongming body, there were early standard rhythmic poems.
Whether it is the Five Laws or the Five Absolutes, in the Liang Chen era, it has already appeared in the pen of the Yongming poets.
For example, Xiao Gang's (Emperor Wendi of Liang Jian) 's Poem of Dengbanqiao Yong Duhe' is the standard five laws:
The fog is far away, and the solo flight can be divided. Lonely and frightened, Yupu, under the river.
Confused by the water of the east and the west, the heart is fascinated by the clouds on all sides. Who knows that alone is hard, and Jiang Shang is a detachment.
Interestingly, Bao Zhao also wrote the rhythm of the song "Cai Ling Song" before the Yongming style:
Guipu, Chi Chi Gui Pu, Xi Yan Pepper Pond. Ping Ping Ping Ping
Xiang Xiang north, Ling Ge Qing Han south. Ping Ping Ping
The law of five words is a sentence, the number of words is relatively small, and it may even pass the law. But the 40 words of the five laws can only appear after Qi Liang, of course, it is also a coincidence. Most of the Yongming poetry will have a phenomenon of debonding.
Conclusion
Wang Fuzhi concluded:
It is enough to know the four sentences of the law, the tooth line earns the guest language, and the blood under the skin is not coaxed by him.
This means that the law sentence is a statement that intercepts the five laws or seven laws, and it is the words of the intermediary traders to deceive customers, and those who have a little ink will not be deceived.
@Old Street Taste
What is the disease of discord in poetry? A little attention will reveal that many great poets avoid this poetic disease