Author: Li Fang (Deputy Editor-in-Chief of People's Daily Overseas Edition)
The past 2019 marks the 400th anniversary of the birth of the great thinker and philosopher Wang Fuzhi. Wang Fuzhi, known as "Mr. Chuanshan", is the culmination of Chinese simple materialist thought, together with Huang Zongxi and Gu Yanwu, known as the three major thinkers of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Wang Fuzhi is the silhouette of the Chinese spirit and the business card of Chinese culture. He advocated "knowing but not doing, still ignorant" and "the way of a gentleman, just practicing it", and that the study of governance should be used for the sake of the national economy and the people's livelihood, and opposed the trivialities and emptiness of the administration of the scriptures.
In modern times, Wang Fuzhi's academic thinking has had a great influence on future generations of scholars, and today it is of particular practical significance to our national cultural construction. How do you get to know Mr. Funayama and grasp Funayama Thought? How to creatively transform and innovate the idea of Funayama? These questions are particularly worthy of our deep consideration.
One
In Gaojieli, Jinlan Township, Hengyang County, 4 kilometers away from Xiangxi Caotang, there is a mountain that has been lonely for thousands of years - Daluo Mountain. This mountain is desolate and withered, good birds pass by but do not perch, the boulders at the top of the mountain are gloomy yellow-brown, its shape is like a boat, and the locals call it "Stone Boat Mountain". On the beams of the tiger-shaped mountain, accompanied by the lonely mountain, there is also a lonely tomb. Two couplets are carved on the stone pillars on both sides of the tomb, one of which reads: "Shichen Qiaomu Millennium House, the first person in the southern kingdom of Rulin".
This is the tomb of a generation of Confucian kings.
Wang Fuzhi,Zi Ernong,小字三三,Jiang Zhai (江斋), also known as Nanyue Selling Jiang Weng,was born in 1619 in Hengyang County, the capital of Hengzhou, and died in Hengyang County, the capital of Hengzhou, in 1692.
One day in 1690, the slanting sun was like blood, and the QingFuzhi Wang Fuzhi stood in front of the Xiangxi Caotang, facing the Stone Ship Mountain, and looked at it for a long time. In the four fields, the grass is decaying, the rocks are piercing the air, and the thorns are overgrown. The cold autumn wind swept over his thin cheeks and blew his robe to the ground.
The former residence of Wang Fuzhi in Qulan Township, Hengyang County, Hunan Province- "Xiangxi Caotang"
"The autumn water dragonfly has nowhere to go, and all the leaves are fading." This is a phrase written by Wang Fuzhi in his twilight years. And this, how could it not be a portrayal of his life?
He slowly turned around, walked into the Xiangxi Caotang, and wrote down "The Boat Mountain is My Mountain", the light and shadow were dripping, the ink was dripping, and the heart was dripping. Wang Fuzhi thought that there were not many days left, and he had already made an epitaph for himself. This short article is only 144 words throughout, and the preface and inscription are extremely short, but the true feelings are surging and the true qi is overflowing, and the style of Funayama is in front of you, and the wind and bones of Funayama jump on the paper.
Ariake's widow, The Pedestrian Wang Fuzhi, the word and farmer, is buried here. On its left, it was followed by Xiangyang Zheng's zhi yuanye. Self-proclaimed:
Liu Yueshi's lonely anger and fate could not be achieved, and he could not achieve his strength by the right learning of Xi Zhang Hengqu. Fortunately, all of them belonged to Ziqiu, and the title was fixed for eternity.
The tombstone can not be done, the Brothers of The Ru ru do it, and this cannot be added or damaged, the line was originally made for the zhiming, and the existing inscription cannot be added. If the Ru brothers can be old and studious, they can not destroy me with the praise of those who praise me, and after a few decades, they will be remembered to show that future generations can hear me, and they should not be born. Those who carry this are ignorant of their own hearts.
Wang Fuzhi poured his blood into this epitaph. Two years later, on February 18, Wang Fuzhi completed the last road of life.
As Wang Fuzhi wrote in his self-written epitaph, liu Yueshi's lonely anger and death could not be achieved, and he could not achieve it by learning from Zhang Hengqu. When he was born in the Ming and Qing dynasties, he was faced with unprecedented changes and made unprecedented big choices. He endured all kinds of troubles, embraced alone, shouldered the great righteousness, and sacrificed his life to go to trouble. If you want to summarize his life in one sentence, it is a lifetime of dreams and struggles.
No one ever expected that this lonely, lonely, and desolate old man, after more than two centuries, had made a great disturbance in China, and the "Chuanshan Thought" he left behind was like a barrel of hot oil, igniting one revolutionary fire after another on the land of China, and the Qing Dynasty, which he refused to admit all his life and eventually fell behind and was beaten, finally perished in this rolling torrent. As a result, many of the influential people of that era said in unison: This Mr. Funayama, who is watching the Central Plains and looking forward to the future in the Xiangxi Caotang, is us, you, and them who chose to use thought as a weapon to fight two hundred years later.
The late Qing Dynasty thinker Guo Songtao gave Wang Fuzhi a high praise:
Commentaries on the Commentaries, The Six Classics of Zhou Yiyuzhuan, the Essence of Zhou Kong of Tan xiwen, and the retreat of the Han and Song Dynasties;
The article of righteousness, lifelong to the Tao, following the rise of Lian Luo Guan Min, Yuan ming two generations of a mr.
Wang Fuzhi is a great national hero in the history of the Chinese nation and a heavyweight in the history of Chinese thought.
Two
1644 was a leap year and a year of the monkey.
This year coincided with the change of the four regimes of Daming, Daqing, Dashun, and Daxi, and the era names were a bit complicated: the seventeenth year of Ming Sizong Chongzhen, the first year of the Qing Dynasty Zu Shunzhi, the first year of Yongchang of the Dashun Dynasty, and the first year of the Dashun Dynasty of the Great Western Dynasty, counting the Yellow Emperor's chronicle, and perhaps adding the yellow calendar 4342.
This year, Wang Fuzhi was less than 25 years old.
Before this, Life was simple, pure, happy, and fulfilling. His father, Wang Dynasty, graduated from Guozijian, the highest institution of learning in the Ming Dynasty. The reason why Wang Fuzhi is brilliant is not unrelated to his father's genetics. From the age of 3, he studied the Thirteen Classics with his eldest brother Wang Jie, which lasted for 3 years. When my father returned to the south, he was only 9 years old, so he studied the scriptures with his father. Four years later, Wang Fuzhi was invited to the imperial examination and showed talent in high school. Subsequently, he took the exam with his brother twice, and although he did not pass, he read poetry books. In 1637, the 17-year-old Wang Fuzhi married the 16-year-old Tao. The following year, he left his hometown and studied in Yuelu Academy, where he studied under Wu Daoxing, the mountain chief, and formed a "walking society" with his friend Kuang Pengsheng.
Today's Yuelu Academy is still shaded by greenery and the sound of books, and it is not difficult for us to imagine the grand scene of "speaking" more than 400 years ago - only Chu has materials, yu Si is prosperous. At that time, Zhang Nanxuan obtained the true transmission of Mr. Wufeng, allowing thought and learning to break through the physical prohibition of the examination in the field of science, and creating a majestic atmosphere of "preaching to help the people". Zhu Xi, who was far away in Fujian, set off from Wuyi Mountain and came to the foot of Yuelu Mountain and the shore of Xiangshui. "Zhu Zhang" once gave a lecture on "Zhongyong", which lasted more than two months, and the afterglow of his thoughts was endless. The four disciples were overjoyed and rushed to tell each other: to establish a heart for heaven and earth, to establish a destiny for the people, to continue to learn from the saints, and to open up peace for all the worlds!
The 18-year-old Wang Fuzhi was bathed in the brilliance of these sages, such as cutting and grinding. Here, he reads Zhou Yi Laozhuang, Kong Mengcheng Zhu, and the Spring and Autumn Classics, with thoughts running through the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the spirit wanders leisurely between Confucianism, Taoism, and Interpretation. He used the scriptures as food, but he never stopped at the omission of the scriptures. He likes to make friends with the ancients and talk to history. Since then, the original Taoist spirit and Ji Shi character unique to the Huxiang School have been like a full spiritual seed, sprinkled in Wang Fu's vigorous years.
Wang Fuzhi's writings
Yuelu Academy is like a life station for Wang Fuzhi. From here, like the young students at that time, he tried to run to the path of the imperial examination, but ran to the peak of Chinese culture.
In 1639, his brother was ranked as a lieutenant. In the same year, he and Guo Fengqiu, Guan Siqiu, and Wen Zhiyong initiated the organization "Kuang She". Four years later, Hu Guangti tried to hengzhou at the age of school, and Wang Fuzhi was listed as a first class. He was 23 years old. After that, he won the fifth place in the Huguangxiang Examination with the first place in "Spring and Autumn". In this scientific expedition, the eldest brother Wang Jiezhi also ranked 40th in high school, and his friends Xia Rubi, Guo Fengji, Guan Siqiu, Li Guoxiang, and Bao Shimei were also on the list.
In 1641, Wang Fuzhi and his two brothers went to Wuchang Township to test, Wang Fuzhi won the first place in "Spring and Autumn", and the fifth place in the Zhonghu Guangxiang Examination.
In 1642, Wang Fuzhi's eldest brother Wang Jiezhi also ranked 40th, and his friends Xia Rubi, Guo Fengji, Guan Siqiu, Li Guoxiang, and Bao Shimei were all selected. In the autumn, Wang Fuzhi and Wang Yuan and more than a hundred other people formed an alliance at the Yellow Crane Tower, known as the "Great Collection of Xu Alliances".
What a wonderful time to read! Wang Fuzhi often recalls his own youth years, bright as the crescent moon in the mountains, quiet as a stream outside the orchid. The ancient academy that makes the world's disciples yearn for it quietly blooms with the brilliant youth of these young readers.
However, bad luck began. In 1643, Wang Fuzhi and Wang Jiezhi went north from November of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen to participate in the examination, because Li Zicheng's army Ke Chengtian and Zhang Xianzhong's army attacked Pushui, the road was blocked, and Wang Fu's brother returned from Nanchang.
Wang Fuzhi's father, Wang Zhaoping, was originally a scholar, but at this time he became a hostage in the hands of Zhang Xianzhong. Fate into the tiger's mouth, life and death on the line, Wang Fuzhi and the eldest brother are anxious. In a hurry, he stabbed himself in the face, put on poison, disguised himself as a wounded man, and ordered people to be carried into the enemy position. With wisdom, Wang Fuzhi finally rescued his father, and taking advantage of the dark wind of the moon, the father and son fled to the lotus peak of Nanyue and hid on the bank of the black sand pool.
The world has been in chaos, and it is not only the traffic to the north that has been cut off, but also the peaceful life and romantic dreams.
Wang Fuzhi wrote with ink and ink dipped in blood and tears:
Oblique moon horizontal, sparse star shining. Not to mention the autumn night is really eternal.
The sound is slow, dripping. The eyes are not easy to scratch.
Frost leaf drops, ghost worms, thin wine He once got drunk.
The world's affairs, the heart of a young man. Clearly a little deeper.
Three
The worries of the country have not been released today, how can we use comfort in life?
How much Wang Fuzhi wants to talk, want to express, can look around, who can complain? He was accompanied by only Lao Zhuang, Kong Meng, and Cheng Zhu every day, only Shang Shu, Spring and Autumn, and Zhou Yi, and only thousands of years of interpretation of civilization and history. In 1651, the 33-year-old Wang Fuzhi returned to his hometown, wandered around, hid everywhere, and finally settled in Gaojieli, Jinlan Township, Hengyang, where he first lived in Zhuyingtang and lost Yelu, then built Guanshengju and built a caotang on the west bank of Xiangshui. In 1656, the 37-year-old Wang Fuzhi found a quiet desk in the Xingning Temple in the countryside of Leiyang and immersed himself in the study of Lao Tzu, which was later collected as Lao Zi Yan. Five years later, he returned to Qulan Township, defeated Yelu, and lived in seclusion by reading. Here, he thought he could find peace for the rest of his life, even though he knew that creation was still making people. The following year, his wife Zheng Shi died of illness and experienced too many deaths and separations, and he cried tears and silently endured all this.
After "Lao Tzu Yan", Wang Fu's hand did not release the scroll, and the pen did not quit. Even if hunger and cold are forced, even if life and death are present, there has not been a day to change. He believed that history would eventually look back, and he also believed that in the millennium of looking back, he would be able to see this unending torch. The deep sorrow made Wang Fuzhi, who had just passed the age of confusion, appear white hair early, whimpering! The autumn of qingshan is slow, and the white hair is hurried.
After knowing the year of heavenly destiny, Wang Fuzhi encountered greater suffering and turmoil.
In 1673, Wu Sangui, who had descended to the Qing Dynasty, began to do any right, killing the Inspector of Yunnan and attacking Hunan. Xuan occupied Hengyang in a vain attempt to claim the title of emperor. Wu Sangui sent people around to hunt down Wang Fuzhi for his use. For Wang Fuzhi, who has always cherished the Destiny and the Dao, this is nothing less than a great shame. He would rather die, hide in an elk cave, and be with the elk every day, rather than submit.
In 1674, Wang Fuzhi built three more thatched huts and cultivated and read.
At that time, the handover of power in the Ming and Qing dynasties had already lasted for thirty years. Who else knows, at the foot of this remote stone boat hill, a poor grass hut that can't hide the cold wind? Who else remembers that on the side of this green light and yellow scroll, a thin and determined figure who hid the volume and pondered the case and sighed? Who else understands that what Wang Fuzizi is looking for between the lines and diligently is the eternal truth of the prosperity of the country?
The Xiang River, which does not stop day and night, flows from the west of the grass house, and Wang Fuzhi named the grass house "Xiangxi Caotang".
Many years later, scholars from the East and the West invariably referred to Wang Fuzhi as the great thinker of the seventeenth and eighth centuries who was on a par with Hegel. A hundred years after Wang Fuzhi's death, Hegel dipped his quill pen in ink and wrote a sentence that still makes us think deeply: "Only when a nation has a group of people who look up to the stars can they have hope." ”
In this cold grass hut, Wang Fuzhi did not leave his home, but he was a walker of thought; he stomped and stomped, but he was the messenger of the future; although he stood in the darkness, he used another way to look up at the stars for the Chinese nation.
In 1678, Wu Sangui declared himself emperor in Hengzhou, and his party forced Wang Fuzhi to write the "Persuasion Table", which was indignantly rejected. He said to the staff sent by Wu Sangui, "I can do this day without covering the earth and not carrying words!" Afterwards, he fled into the deep mountains, imitating Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs", composing "Qi Yu Fu", expressing his feelings: "Si Fang Chun Xi Yao, who and Yu Xi this dynasty, do not mean to be in love, to hesitate to lean on the empty mountain and Xiao Qing." Who will look forward to spring? "Extreme contempt for Wu Sangui. In 1689, Cui Minglu, the governor of Hengzhou, was instructed by Zheng Duanzhi, the governor of Hunan, to visit the university with rice, wanted to give some food and clothing supplies, asked him to "meet with Zheng in Yuelu", and tried to publish his book. At this time, Wang Fuzhi was old, seriously ill, hungry and cold, but still did not want to violate his heart, he wrote a letter, politely rejected rice coins, in order to show his heart, he signed himself as a remnant of Nanyue.
The Six Classics rebuked me for opening my face, and the seven feet were buried alive from heaven — Wang Fuzhi once defected to the Southern Ming Dynasty to assist the Yongli Emperor in resisting the Qing Dynasty, and many historical truths of the Southern Ming Dynasty are completely recorded in his book. The history of the Southern Ming Dynasty, despite the tragic failure, has always been indomitable resistance, because he has not been smeared by the Imperial Literati of the Qing Dynasty. As early as the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty, when the news of the martyrdom of the Yongli Emperor came, Wang Fuzhi, who was deeply disappointed in his hopes, was sad and indignant, and left many poems.
Yong Shi has opened the bamboo element, picking up the lamp and saying nothing to say vicissitudes. He began to live in seclusion in the Xiangxi Caotang, immersed in economic questions, this long-time loser of the imperial examination, the unswerving anti-Qing Zhishi, finally found the best way to the future. He spent decades rethinking the lessons of the ming dynasty's demise, and it was precisely because of his bumpy life and roots in the strata that he saw the historical truth outside of time, the turbulent currents that lurked under the calm water, the ugliness of human nature and the shortcomings of the system hidden behind the prosperity, and he saw it more deeply and clearly than many people.
However, he was really old, hungry and cold, poor and sick, with sparse white hair, and skinny bones, and even his son said that he was "in his twilight years, sick with many diseases, his wrists were invincible, and his fingers were invincible." While coughing and panting, he sighed, "My old man, but this heart is in the heavens, who is the one who gives this?" In May of that year, he wrote 19 "Guang Lamentation Poems" modeled on Du Fu's "Eight Lamentations" to mourn his 19 deceased friends: there was qu Shiyan, the predecessor he had been following, Guan Siqiu, a good friend of his youth, and Fang Yizhi, a scholar he sincerely admired... They all share a common trait of sacrificing their lives in pursuit of ideals.
Who believes that in the depths of the blue clouds, the sunset is still at the end of the world?
The sick Wang Fuzhi never put down the pen in his hand. In the more than 40 years of his life, Wang Fu wrote more than 100 kinds of works, including philosophy, politics, law, military, history, literature, education, ethics, writing, astronomy, almanac and Buddhist Taoism, especially outstanding achievements in philosophical research, his main works are "Zhou Yi Wai Biography", "Zhang Zi Zhengmeng", "Shang Shu Yinyi", "Reading the Four Books of the Complete Sayings", "Lao Zi Yan", "Zhuangzi Tong", "Si Qing Lu", "Reading The Theory of Tong Jian", "Song Theory", "Yellow Book", "Nightmare", "Chu Ci Tong Interpretation", "Poetry Guangchuan" and so on. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was published as the "Testament of Chuanshan", which was 70 kinds and 324 volumes. Each book is a question, an imprint, a stoic life.
In 1689, Wang Fuzhi was already a rare year, and his hearing gradually lost, and even the cuckoo cries outside the grass hall could not be heard. However, he is still as hard as ever, still working hard, suffering his heart, and working tirelessly. In April 1691, Wang Fuzhi completed the last of his life's ideological texts in a coughing breath: thirty volumes of the "Treatise on Reading through the Classics" and fifteen volumes of the "Treatise on song".
From returning to his hometown at the age of 37 to his death at the age of 73, nearly forty years, Wang Fuzhi went from youth to old age, life from early morning to noon to dusk, his life became simple, clean, and calm, no longer had pleasure, entertainment, travel, drinking, singing, and the whole years of his life, only one thing, only one thing, writing books. The Wang Fuzhi in life is lonely, but the Wang Fuzhi in the text has never been lonely. As he travels through history, he is also looking to the future. These millions of words of tomes condensed the thinking and painstaking efforts of One of Wang Fu's life, and he wrote until the last moment of his life, and finally completed the final draft before his death. These works are a collection of wisdom from ancient times, profound and profound, swallowing ancient and modern, including lessons and reflections on Chinese history, and even more containing predictions about the future direction of China's political civilization.
Opening this thick scroll, it is not difficult for us to find that there is a cry of stone breaking the earth, 250 years after the death of Wang Fuzhi, shocked the Chinese who were thinking bitterly in the midst of external worries and internal troubles, loss of power and humiliation of the country: Those who are peaceful in the world are all under the heavens.
Four
In Wang Fuzhi's heart, two "Chinas" grow. One China is dynastic China, and one China is cultural China. Wang Fuzhi believes that dynastic China is a private property of one surname, and it is abolished from generation to generation. Only cultural China, from Yanhuang to the present, runs through Chinese history, as long as chinese culture is preserved and Chinese cultural values are defended, China will never perish.
Wang Fuzhi's cultural China has rich meanings - tracing the true origin of Chinese culture, looking for the basic values of Chinese culture, combing the historical context of Chinese culture, and ultimately using Chinese culture to promote national prosperity and national rejuvenation, which is the real cultural China. National prosperity and national rejuvenation are a grand theme that runs through Chinese history. Chinese scholars and doctors have always had the feeling of home and country, home is also the country, the country is also home, what is rare is that Wang Fuzhi has defined the national position from the theoretical height, summed up and excavated traditional patriotism, and made this emotion have a modern spirit.
In the winter of 1656, the 38-year-old Wang Fuzhi returned to Hengyang from Changning, and in this year, he created the "Yellow Book" that had a profound impact on future generations.
The so-called "Yellow Book", as the name suggests, is a book about the civilization of the Yellow Emperor. Wang Fuzhi was loyal to the king and patriotic, weeping blood to support the country, and after the failure of the bumpy political career, during his exile in Shonan, he began to theoretically think about the reasons for the Ming Dynasty and explore the way for China's prosperity. He wrote in the "Yellow Book": "China is rich in self-reliance, soldiers are self-reliant, and wisdom is also self-famous." Do not doubt the world with one person, and do not take the world as a private person. Recuperating and rejuvenating the spirits, the soldiers and millets, taking the mighty, mao qin and foolishness, brushing the song shame, enough to consolidate their clan and worry about it. "What cultural self-confidence and national pride! Wang Fuzi proposed that if China was strengthened economically, militarily and culturally, the Chinese nation would be able to remain firmly rooted in the world forever. Wang Fuzhi's strong national rejuvenation and Chinese idea of self-improvement run through his lifelong pursuit. He asserted: "Be fair to his heart, and go to his danger." Do your best to the intelligence of the central area and rule the world. ”
Seeing through the accumulated shortcomings of the Ming and Qing dynasties, wang Fuzhi longed for a world of political clarity, social progress, economic take-off, and cultural prosperity against the background of the sovereignty crisis, national disaster, national peril, and people's displacement. "The new and the old push each other, and the daily life is not delayed." He wrote in the Introduction to the Book of Shang. New and old things change in disguise, and things are changing every day, which is the development law of things and the development law of the world. He depicted a brand-new country in which in terms of political ideology, "those who discuss the world under the heavens must follow the principles of the world" and "do not doubt the world with one person, nor do they think of the world as a private person"; in terms of selecting and employing people, "those who take the position of the world under the heavens and the sages of the world"; in terms of cultural construction, "the only instrument under the heavens" and "the only instrument under the heavens" and "the only instrument of reason and the anger of the people who do not come later", practice in practice, and unify knowledge and action. Wang Fuzhi is a rare encyclopedic thinker and philosopher in Chinese history, whether he is facing war or disaster, whether he encounters despair or sadness, no matter how difficult the environment, he has infinite vision and unlimited vitality. He did not have the insight and responsibility of the ancients before, and with the struggle of "burying his heart and not dying and leaving the spring color", the ideal of "the lamp is still brilliant", the courage of "the six classics accuse me of opening up my life", and the spirit of "staying in the ages and half being loyal and righteous", he has adhered to the spiritual homeland of Chinese culture, defended the historical mission of cultural salvation, and planted the fire of great rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.
China's self-reliance and national rejuvenation -- this is Wang Fuzhi's political manifesto, why not the political enlightenment book of modern China?
Two centuries after Wang Fuzhi's death, Tan Sitong, a politician, thinker, and revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote his admiration for Wang Fuzhi into a poem: "All things are clear from heaven and earth, and they must rely on Nanyue to thunder." ”
This fighter for the change of law was on the road to revolution under the direct influence of Wang Fuzhi's thought. He obeyed and believed in Wang Fuzhi, and frankly said: "Establish a heart for heaven and earth, and establish a destiny for the people, so as to continue the pulse of prince Hengyang." Embracing the spirit of Chuanshan, he walked awe-inspiringly to the guillotine, awakening China with his death and becoming a heroic martyr of national rejuvenation.
Wang Fuzhi's idea of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and China's self-improvement proclaimed in the Yellow Book directly became the precursor of the Xinhai Revolution. Intellectuals who were at the forefront of the times, in the name of Wang Fuzhi, quickly set off a magnificent tide of honoring Huang. Wang Fuzhi, a generation of great Confucians who promoted social progress and wrote the history of modern and modern China, was thus called "the spiritual leader of modern and modern times".
In 1911, Sun Yat-sen presided over the formulation of the Declaration of the Headquarters of the Chinese League. The declaration declares that Shi Kefa, Zodiac Zhou, Ni Yuanlu, Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi and other people with lofty ideals will serve as the spiritual leaders of national rejuvenation. "In today's world, however, it is possible to rise up stubbornness and cowardice, so that he who can achieve the achievement of restoration is only a farmer alone." When analyzing the source of the successful ideology of the Xinhai Revolution, Zhang Taiyan said: "Chuanshan Scholarship is the origin of the restoration of the Han nationality. In modern times, all the princes have heard the wind, and the water source is woody, and the end is in Si. ”
Unwilling to become a Buddha, willing to see Chuanshan - this is the highest evaluation of Wang Fuzhi.
Mao Zedong's mentor Yang Changji admired Wang Fuzhi all his life. Yang Changji's understanding of Wang Chuanshan deeply influenced a large number of progressive youth during the May Fourth period, represented by Mao Zedong, Cai hesen. In 1921, at the beginning of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong used the funds and site of the Chuanshan Society to establish Hunan Self-study University, cultivating a batch of outstanding talents for the new democratic revolution. These seeds of progress, like sparks, go from here to the whole country and to the world.
Outside the door, the yellow oriole cries green grass, and he gives birth to Du Yu to call for spring return. Wang Fu was poor in his life, and even books and pens used the old account books of his old protégés, but after his death, he left an endless spiritual wealth. Today, Wang Fuzhi's academic resources have become the common ideological wealth of mankind. Not only in China, but also in Japan, Singapore, and South Korea, special institutions have been set up to hire experts and scholars to study Wang Fuzhi's thought, and there are translations of Wang Fuzhi's treatises and poems in the United States, Russia and European countries. American scholar Blake said: "For those who are looking for philosophical roots and modern views and sources of modern thought, Wang Fuzhi can be said to have received unprecedented attention. ”
In 1985, the American philosophical and social science community selected eight philosophers of ancient and modern times, four of whom were materialist philosophers. They were, in order: Democritus, Wang Fuzhi, Feuerbach, marx.
One day in the winter of 2019, the sun was blowing out of the sky, the morning dew was clear, and the morning sun was shining. In Gaojieli, Jinlan Township, Hengyang County, four kilometers away from the Xiangxi Caotang, the stone statue of Wang Fuzhi of Qingxia stands in front of the Xiangxi Caotang, with nothing to rely on but a magnificent and upright spirit, skinny but tough and sincere. A cold wind swept over his thin cheeks and lifted his robe high. The 400-year-old man faced The Stone Boat Mountain and stared at it for a long time.
A new day begins.
Guangming Daily (2020.01.03. 13th edition)