In the eighth year of Han Gaozu (199 BC), when Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gaozu, returned to Beijing after Dongyuan destroyed the remnants of Han Xin, passing through the Zhao state of Bairen County, the zhao state chancellor Guan Gao set up an ambush in the pavilion and attempted to assassinate Liu Bang.
Liu
Liu Bang was trying to rest here, and he asked the attendants curiously, "What is the name of this place?" The answer was kashiwa Prefecture. Hearing this, Liu Bang thought about it, frowned, and said disapprovingly: "Bai Ren, what is the name of the bird?" How can it be forced to look at people, and how can it be forced to persecute people? "Refusing to stay here for a long time, urging his men to rush to the next county immediately, they were very lucky to avoid a disaster."
Guan Gao was hiding in the building, the atmosphere did not dare to breathe, and everyone was sweating and trembling. After waiting for a long time and not seeing Liu Bang arrive, Guan Gao let people go out to check. Soon the man hurried back and said, "Alas, Liu Bang, this bastard!" He thought that the name of the Bai people was not good, and he ran away early. ”
Everyone and others were relieved, after all, killing the Son of Heaven was a great sin that was forbidden by the people of the world. Guan Gao slashed several cases with a knife and said indignantly, "Cheap this faint lord, otherwise I will definitely unload him in eight pieces!"
Guan Gao Tangtang is the prime minister of a country, a county keeper, and a high-ranking official Houlu. Why dare to risk the world's great disobedience to assassinate the emperor?
This matter also has to start with Liu Bang defeating Xiang Yu and declaring the emperor to establish the Han Dynasty.
Liu Bang was able to succeed in the Chu-Han war, in addition to taking appropriate measures and being good at employing people, thanks to the help of many Haojie soldiers.
Therefore, seven people were crowned kings, and the rest were countless other princes. They were Han Xin the King of Chu, Peng Yue the King of Liang, Yingbu the King of Huainan, Zhang Er the King of Zhao, Zang Di the King of Yan, Wu Rui the King of Changsha, and Han Xin the King of Han. At that time, the princes and kings had several counties and dozens of counties, all of which had soldiers and armor, which posed a great threat to the rule of the Han Dynasty. Liu Bang was restless day by day, and the night was like sitting on a needle felt, so Luo Weaving plotted against the prince and killed the princes. Han Xin the King of Chu, Peng Yue the King of Liang, Yingbu the King of Huainan, and Zang Di the King of Yan were killed one after another, while Han Xin the King of Han later surrendered to the Xiongnu and was later killed by the Han generals.
Only Zhang Er, the king of Zhao, and Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, died early, thus escaping a disaster, so they were not exterminated.
The king is humiliated, and the courtiers take revenge
In the fifth year of Han Gaozu (202 BC), Zhang Er died. His son Zhang Ao was crowned King of Zhao, and Liu Bang appreciated him and married his eldest daughter, Princess Lu Yuan, to him as queen.
In the seventh year of Han Gaozu (200 BC), Liu Bang passed through the Zhao state from Pingcheng Road. Zhang Ao put down the figure of a prince, and in the morning and evening personally served Liu Bang's diet and living, with a very humble attitude and fulfilled the duties of his son-in-law. Liu Bang stretched out his feet and grasped his knees with his hands, often shouting and scolding Zhang Ao like a slave, arrogant and arrogant, and a hooligan who was free. Zhang Ao endured silently and did not say a word of rebuttal.
Zhao Wang Zhang Ao
Zhao Guo's prime minister Guan Gao and Zhao Wu were already in their sixties, and they used to be disciples who followed Zhang Er to conquer the world. Seeing that Liu Bang dared to be so rude and oppress the King of Zhao. The so-called humiliation of the king is the fault of the courtiers. Feeling murderous, the two said indignantly, "King Zhao is really a weak and incompetent king, and he does not dare to resist such a great insult." ”
So he came to the palace and said to Zhang Ao: "When the Qin Emperor had no way, the world rebelled, and the people of Haojie rose up together, and those who had the ability were kings." Liu Bang was born from a lowly background, and he could not even be called a small official, but thanks to the help of the princes, he defeated Xiang Yu and seized the world. The former king has made great contributions to Liu Bang, the great king you are the king of the Zhao kingdom, serving the emperor is more respectful than the average courtier, but Liu Bang is not satisfied, regard you as a slave, rude to the extreme. How can a courtier see a king humiliated? Please allow us to kill him! ”
When Zhang Ao heard this, he broke out in a cold sweat. Secretly thinking that Liu Bang is eradicating the princes with different surnames, those who are guilty and innocent have been killed, and now only me and the king of Changsha are left. I served Liu Bang carefully every day, just to dispel his doubts, and I did not dare to be the slightest bit full. These two people have trapped me to death! Suddenly, he said angrily, "You want me to suffer capital punishment and destroy the country and the clan!" Now that the emperor's soldiers are flourishing, and fierce generals like Han Xin Yingbu have still been killed and exterminated, do I have their ability? Moreover, when the first king lost the country, thanks to the support of the emperor, he was re-established as king, so that future generations could receive favors, which was given by the emperor. He looked up at the sky with a long sigh and continued in tears: "I have no great talent, and under humility and courtesy, he is worried about the princess, and he can still let me go." If I had a rebellious heart, I am afraid that before the army had gathered, I would have already been captured, and you must not murder the emperor and do such a whimsical stupid thing! He bit his finger and swore to heaven that he would never betray a man.
The senior people no longer dared to say anything, and they secretly planned, "We were wrong." We, the King of Zhao, are loyal elders and refuse to carry kindness. But as human subjects, we cannot morally and naturally see the king humiliated. Now that the emperor has insulted King Zhao, we must kill him, and we must not let King Zhao be implicated, we do it ourselves, if it is successful, it is counted as a substitute for King Zhao; if it is not, it is also our own responsibility."
Therefore, in the eighth year of Han Gaozu (199 BC), when Liu Bang requisitioned Han Xin's remnants to return to Beijing and arrived in Zhao Guobai County, Guan Gao and others ambushed in the middle of the courtyard and attempted to assassinate. Unexpectedly, Liu Bang actually hated the place name and did not stop here, and went to the next county.
In the ninth year of Han Gaozu (198 BC), the East Window Incident occurred. When Guan Gao's enemies learned of their plan, they reported it to the imperial court. Liu Bang immediately ordered the arrest of King Zhao and Guan Gao.
Zhao Wu and more than a dozen other people were vying to commit suicide. Only Guan Gao angrily scolded, "Who made you commit suicide?" King Zhao was not involved in this matter, but was arrested with us. If you are all dead, who will defend King Zhao and explain that he is rebelling at all? So they put down their suicidal thoughts and got on the sill car and were escorted to Chang'an with King Zhao.
Guan Gao said to the jailer, "This matter was done by our subordinates alone, and King Zhao did not know it. The jailer did not believe it and tortured him. He was flogged thousands of times, and even burned him with red-hot iron, leaving him scaly, but he never said anything else.
Lü Hou also persuaded Liu Bang many times, saying that Zhang Ao was the husband of Princess Lu Yuan and that there could be no measures of rebellion. Liu Bang said angrily, "If Zhang Ao had the world, would he still be rare in your daughter?" ”
Ting Wei reported the confession of Guan Gao to Liu Bang. Liu Bang obviously didn't believe it, and suddenly had a plan and asked, "Who has a friendship with Guan Gao?" If you use his words, you will know the truth. "This idea is so high!" At this time, Zhongdafu leaked his father and said: "Wei Chen and him have a very good relationship, and Guan Gao is famous in Zhao Guo for his morality and keeping promises." Liu Bang then sent a leaker to prison to see Guan Gao.
After the catharsis arrived, Guan Gao looked up at the catharsis and greeted the cold noise as happily as usual. When he saw his old friend, he couldn't help but get his eyes slightly wet, and he went forward to warmly reminisce with him. During the conversation, he asked King Zhao if he was involved in the plot of rebellion.
Guan Gao said: "Is there anyone who does not love his parents, wives and children?" Now that the three clans of my family are about to be executed for this crime, will I save the life of King Zhao with the life of my dearest one? It is true that King Zhao did not plot rebellion, it was our gang who did it. How can a courtier wrongfully accuse the Lord of his life? So he explained in detail the beginning and end of the matter and the reason why King Zhao did not know the inside story, one by one, and leaked the public.
The duke truthfully told Liu Bang, and Liu Bang pardoned King Zhao. Liu Bang greatly admired Guan Gao's loyalty and praised him for his ability, integrity, and credit. He told him to pardon him and told him, "King Zhao has been pardoned." The Son of Heaven praises you so much that he forgives you. ”
Guan Gao burst into tears and said, "The reason why I didn't die was to justify King Zhao's grievances and prove that he did not rebel." Now that King Zhao has been released, my responsibility has been fulfilled. But as a human subject, he is accused of killing the Son of Heaven, and who has the face to live in the world to face the Son of Heaven? So He hanged himself and died.
After Zhang Ao was released, he was demoted to the title of Marquis of Xuanping because of Shang marrying the emperor's daughter. Liu Bang admired Zhang Ao's guests and made them the Xiangguo of the various princely states.
Guan Gao was one of the few righteous warriors in the world, and seeing that the king was humiliated, he would rather risk the cost of exterminating the clan and assassinate Liu Bang. And was exposed, he was not afraid of severe punishment, and did not betray the King of Zhao to save the life of his whole family. When the loyalty of the courtiers reached this point, everyone in the world praised his character, and even Liu Bang, who was the emperor, was moved and generously pardoned him. It was almost impossible to put it on other emperors of other dynasties. Although Liu Bang was full of anger, he was generous, righteous, and had the wind of an elder, so he could seize the world. But in order to consolidate his rule, the rabbit dead dog cooking, the bird bow and hiding the king of the different surnames to kill and exterminate the clan, is a stain that cannot be washed away.
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