Text/Zhang Yi
There is no fear of the sin of killing the king, and there is no need for a knife to die
When we talk about the first warriors of the Western Han Dynasty, we should have a number of names in our minds, such as Huo Fuyi and Li Guang. But those who can be said to be brave, and the warriors I want to say are the loyal warriors. And the Western Han Dynasty can be called the first warrior, it is not the same as The High.
Since the ancient Yan Zhao land is a generous man, Guan Gao is in this land of blood, opened a brilliant flower, he with his sacrifice to keep his life, rather than die and never slander the ancient spirit, the song of Yan Zhao sang straight to the clouds. Every time I read history at this point, there is always a feeling of "praising a set of mourning high, and singing sadly until the old".
Guan Gao was the chancellor of the Zhao state of the Western Han Dynasty, the first prince of the Zhao state was Zhang Er, who made outstanding contributions to the Western Han Dynasty, and Zhang Er passed on his son Zhang Ao after His death, and Guan Gao was the chancellor of Zhang Ao, the king of Zhao at this time.
Liu Bang created a total of seven kings with different surnames: Han Xin the King of Chu, Peng Yue the King of Liang, Yingbu the King of Huainan, Zhang Er the King of Zhao, Zang Di the King of Yan, Wu Rui the King of Changsha, and Wang Xin of Han. However, from the first day of the division, he was always on guard, and he was always thinking about how to eliminate the power of these foreign kings.
In the process of cutting down the kings with different surnames, four were killed for treason, one surrendered to the Xiongnu, and one died of illness, and only Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, was able to die well. But looking closely at these seven kings with different surnames, it seems that Liu Bang was the best and most sincere about this diseased death. Because, Zhang Er's King of Zhao was not first sealed by Liu Bang, but by Xiang Yu. However, he was driven away by his former best friend, and later his old enemy Chen Yu. Or did Liu Bang let Han Xin kill Chen Yu and return Zhao Di to Zhang Er.
Not only that, Liu Bang also married Princess Lu Yuan, the only daughter of Empress Dowager Lü, to Zhang Er's son, who was the later Zhao King Zhang Ao. Originally, Liu Bang was ready to send this Princess Lu Yuan to the Xiongnu and his relatives, but was strongly opposed by Lü Hou and insisted on rationing this only precious daughter xu to Zhang Ao, so from the above situation, Lü Hou and Liu Bang were still very good to King Zhao.
However, it was really a chore to give this Surabaya scoundrel a son-in-law, although after Zhang Er's death, Liu Bang let This Ao attack the throne, but whether it was in the face of his daughter is also unknown. This Liu Bang was originally an uncultured old bastard, and naturally did not have a good face for the next generation of this son-in-law and courtier, although Zhang Ao was cautious and did his duty as a half-son and a subordinate, he was also called by this old man like a person, making his face a hundred dissatisfied.
As Zhang Ao's Xiangguo, this Guan Gao is very sad, he was originally a disciple of his father Zhang Er, he has always been a liver and brain for the Zhang family, the Zhang family has relied on it for two generations, and he has always been known for his righteousness and no disgrace, and his promises and trustworthiness.
When Guan Gao gave this Zhang Ao a xiangguo, he was already nearly sixty years old, and from the depths of his thoughts, he still had the concept of being a disciple, and although Liu Bang was the current emperor, he deeply believed that his master was Zhang Ao and not Liu Bang. What he did was only responsible for Zhang Ao.
This is a bit like the staff of later generations, or the master, because his clothes and food are given by the father and son of the Zhang family instead of the Liu Emperor, nor are they like the counselors like Xun Yu and Guo Jia, who eat the state and hold the official position of the state. Guan Gao's Xiangguo was worshipped by Zhang Ao, but he only wanted Liu Bang to approve of it.
The history books do not introduce Guan Gao's previous origins and experiences, nor can it be certain that he is a "soldier", but from the description of his loyalty and righteousness, and his ability to worship a letter of state, he is definitely not an ordinary chicken and dog thief, and should be among the "soldiers". From the bottom of his heart, he must have looked down on the Surabaya spilled skin that took off Ru Sheng's hat and pot that night, and this idea may have been buried deep in his heart when he was a doorman for Zhang Er.
When this Liu Pippi "sat" in the hall, while his master lowered his body, removed the crown belt, changed into the clothes of the servants, served the wine pot during the day, poured the urinal pot at night, and served carefully and diligently, the dissatisfaction in his heart was self-evident. As an old and angry youth, he became murderous, so he decided to join forces with some people who were also unaccustomed to Liu Bang's habits and do this to humiliate his master.
We Sichuan people have a nickname for the weak people, "twin heads", and this phrase comes from this high level. When he told Zhang Ao the idea of attacking Liu Bang, he frightened the King of Zhao's face. Isn't this a rebellion? Immediately refused. Qi Guan Gao had nothing to say, and spat out a sentence in anger: "My king, the king of The King!" "
As far as Zhang Ao of the second generation of the rich was concerned, he was the king of Zhao who was given to him by the old man, and this was a great rebellion that he could never do; but in Guan Gao's view, the soldiers could not be humiliated, and the death of the lord's insults to his subjects was a matter of course. You Liu Pippi dare to insult my king, if I still follow Wei Wei, where is the integrity! The master did not do it, and Guan Gao decided to play a big one.
Soon, this Liu Bang came to the Zhao Kingdom again, but this time he was angry, because he had just come down from the White Mountain, and the army of 320,000 people was surrounded by the Xiongnu for seven days and seven nights, and if it were not for Chen Ping to fool Shan Yu's wife, I am afraid that he would have asked people to arrest and release horses in the desert.
When he arrived at this Zhao Kingdom, he breathed a long sigh of relief, and he collapsed in front of the monarch and collapsed for so long, and now in front of this son-in-law, he could completely relax. Then the resentment in this heart erupted like a volcano. In front of this descendant, he exerted the previous ruffian qi to the extreme.
Of course, King Zhao still greeted cautiously, but Guan Gao couldn't stand it, he "we are not ashamed of righteousness", he decided to start again, and recruited a group of dead parties to start an incident, "the matter is returned to the king, and the matter is defeated and sits alone."
They made a meticulous assassination plan, but they were inexplicably escaped by the suspicious and fickle Liu Bang because of the ominous name of the place, and this Zhang Ao tried to murder the old man, which was a terrible crime. Therefore, the son-in-law was escorted back to Beijing with Guangao, and Guan Gao was severely tortured, hoping to get the truth of Zhang Ao's mastermind from his mouth.
The torture that Guan Gao was subjected to was unimaginable, so that he could not even find a place on his body that could be pierced with a needle, and its fierceness was indescribable, and Sima Gong described it in four words as "invincible". However, Guan Gao swore not to change his mouth, took everything on himself, insisted that King Zhao did not know this matter, but was done by himself, and clarified for King Zhao.
Although Liu Bang was a villain, he was also touched to see such a scene, and he defended his master's grievances in this way, and his loyalty was actually the first loyal person in the world. Therefore, he put Zhang Ao, the King of Zhao, back and prepared to reuse Guan Gao, and Xu Guan's position was thought to have been used.
But unexpectedly, when Guan Gao heard the news that King Zhao had been released, he laughed and said, "So those who do not die and have no spare body, Bai Zhang Wang does not rebel." Now that the king has come out, my responsibility has been blocked, and I will not hate it when I die. And the people have the name of usurpation, what a face to face! If you don't kill me, I'm not ashamed? "But he died of desperation." At this time, it is famous all over the world.
It is Guan Gao who said that the reason why I endured torture and did not die was only to avenge Wang Zhaoxue's grievances. Now that my responsibilities are over, there is no more resentment! Besides, plotting to assassinate the emperor is a great sin, so what face do I have to serve the emperor again? When he finished, he craned his neck and squeezed his throat with his hand, strangling himself alive.
I was stunned, "I died on my back", I really can't imagine what kind of scene it was like to choke my own neck and suffocate, not a canonical record, I absolutely do not believe it. At the height of the flower armor, it is almost impossible for human beings to die in such a way; perhaps, this is a kind of heroism, arrogance, or domineering that the righteous have.
Guan Gao, true heroes, true righteous soldiers, true wise men, true warriors! The Lord insulted his subjects to death, and he assassinated Liu Bang in order to take a breath for his lord, which is loyal; to arrange a brilliant plan, to design accurately, this is wisdom; to be tortured without changing his mouth, and to resolutely not to bite and climb, this is righteousness; the most important thing is to know these tribulations in the future and choose to survive and bear all this, this is courage! Those righteous and courageous righteous people who have been praised by people for thousands of years, they have shocked the world with a stab, and they have died for thousands of years, so that the momentum of seeing death as a homecoming has been admired for thousands of years!
For example, the Eastern Han Dynasty historian Xun Yue said in the "Han Ji" that Guan Gao took the lead in plotting rebellion and rebellion, and was a thief who killed the king. Although he sacrificed his life to prove king Zhao's innocence, small merits could not hide the great rebellion, and personal conduct could not atone for legal sins.
This evaluation can be said to represent the mainstream view, and the later Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" is a fifty-board each, saying: Han Gaozu lost his subordinates because of arrogance, and Guan Gao made his master lose his original fiefdom because of his viciousness. What prompted Guan Gao to plot against him was han Gaozu's fault; it was Guan Gao's sin that caused Zhang Ao to perish.
The position taken by Xun Yue and Sima Guang determined that they could only say so, while the "Records of History" did not seem to make an evaluation, using only four words "famous in the world". Thinking of Sima Qian's praise for the assassins, he must have appreciated this in his heart, but it was not easy to say.