What are the differences between the common permanent magnet synchronous motor and the asynchronous motor on the market?
In the current new energy market, the main general two motors, namely permanent magnet synchronous motors and asynchronous motors, these two motors have their own good at. Many car companies choose different motors according to different costs, usage scenarios, technology and other needs. For example, Tesla Model 3 chooses a permanent magnet synchronous motor, while the Weilai ES8 Model X uses an asynchronous motor, so what is the difference between the two motors?
First of all, the definition of the two motors is different. Motors are generated by energizing the magnetic field, and through a thing called a rotor inside the electron cut the rotating magnetic inductance line, thus generating power. When the speed of the rotor is consistent with the speed of the magnetic field, we call it a synchronous motor with permanent magnets, and when the speed of the rotor is lower than the speed of the magnetic field, we call it an asynchronous motor.
From the perspective of energy conversion, the two motors are also different. The conversion efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous motors is higher than that of synchronous motors.
A very important feature of permanent magnet synchronous motors is that the energy conversion rate is very high, up to 94%. The energy conversion rate of asynchronous motors is low, up to 90%. But in fact, compared with the traditional fuel vehicle, the conversion efficiency of these two motors is also very high, and the maximum conversion efficiency of the engine of the traditional fuel vehicle is 42%.
Their speed range is also quite different, one wide and one narrow.
Permanent magnet synchronous motors can adapt to the needs of vehicles driving on complex roads, in short, to maintain a high energy conversion rate in all departments. The asynchronous motor can improve the conversion efficiency in high-speed driving, but at low speed, the power consumed is much larger than that of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the range of use is narrow.
Judging from the volume of the two motors, the two electrodes have a big difference, one fat and one thin.
Compared with asynchronous motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors are smaller in size and lighter in weight. The small size can bring more advantages to new energy vehicles, and the vehicle's internal machine and trunk can set up more separate spaces. Placed on the chassis, it is also possible to expand the space and increase the battery, which is conducive to the lightweight design of the vehicle.
In terms of cost, the cost of these two motors is also different. The material cost used in permanent magnet motors is much higher than that of asynchronous motors, but the efficiency of the motor can be guaranteed. Asynchronous motors have low costs, but have a greater impact on conversion. The main material of the asynchronous motor is composed of cast aluminum, but cast aluminum cannot maintain efficient power conversion. Therefore, many car companies will consider using cast copper for electronics, but due to the greater difficulty of production, the cost has also risen.