Summer has arrived
A mouthful of sweet and sour grapes
Quenching thirst and appetizing
Today, let's look at the "grapes" to quench our thirst
🍇01
Northern Song Dynasty's ~ whose grapes were taken away by the museum!
Yo, there's a bunch of grapes here
If you don't eat it, it will rot
Grape fruit
Covered with a layer of white frost
There are also some yellow rusty patches
If you look at it, you will know that you have not used pesticides
The color of the grape fruit is covered with rust
It's hard to tell if it's fuchsia or purple-black
There are also some that are not yet ripe
Half-green and half-red granules
The branches are withered like firewood
It looks like there is already a shortage of water
I don't know how long it's been since I took it off
If you see this kind of grape at a fruit stand
It's going to turn around and leave
But if you say
This bunch of grapes is not a product of nature
It is a glazed grape handmade by craftsmen in the Northern Song Dynasty
It has endured thousands of years without decay
Now it is "lying" in the museum
Can you believe it?
Look down with questions↓
🍇02
Grape making process of "thin skin and big filling".
The height of continental glassmaking is testified
The total length of this bunch is 16 cm
A total of 46 fruits
The diameter of the bead is 1.3~1.82 cm
The outer wall of the fruit is extremely thin, and the inner part is hollow
It is blown into shape by the moldless blowing method
△Schematic diagram of moldless blown glass
In other words, each grape is handmade
There is no specific model
Completely dependent on the craftsmen of the Northern Song Dynasty
Observation of natural fruits
and exquisite glassblowing skills
Blowing grapes of all shapes and colors into "thin skin and big filling"
Then use the wire as a branch
Combine and match, and connect them in a string
Achieve such a realistic effect
This bunch of glazed grapes was unearthed in
Jingzhi Temple Tower Base Palace, Dingzhou City, Hebei Province
A total of more than 30 pieces of glass products have been unearthed in the underground palace
Some of them are imported products from Islam
Some of them are domestic glass items
The difference is:
Imported glass contains more sodium and calcium
Domestic glass contains more lead and barium components
Determined by researchers
This bunch of glazed grapes has a high lead content
It is a native "domestic grape"
🍇03
The introduction of grapes depends on Zhang Qian?
It's not that simple
In the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian passed through the Western Regions
Arrived at the country of Dawan (yuān).
"Historical Records" recorded: "Dawan is in the southwest of the Xiongnu, in the west of the Han Dynasty, and goes to Han Ke Wanli." Its custom natives, ploughing the fields, paddy and wheat. There is pu pottery wine. What a good horse. ”
The "Putao" here is the later "grape"
Many people believe that there were no grapes on the continent originally
It was Zhang Qian along the Silk Road
Bring this "new species" back
Not really
Since time immemorial
Indigenous grape varieties exist on the mainland
The ruins of Jiahu Lake are about 9,000 to 7,500 years old
The ruins of Liangzhu, which is about 5,000 years old, etc
All of them have unearthed wild grape seeds native to China
The ancestors of the mainland have long eaten grapes
△ 2,300-year-old vines collected by the Turpan Museum
It's just that during the Han Dynasty, the Silk Road became a thoroughfare
After Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions
Introducing sweeter Eurasian grapes
At first, it was expensive
Exclusive to the ruling class and aristocracy
With a large number of plantings
Grape gradually entered the homes of ordinary people
Be familiar and loved by people
Because of its spreading branches and abundant fruits
The grapes were given
Wealth and prosperity, many children and blessings and other auspicious meanings
A decorative pattern based on grapes
It is also integrated into the creation of arts and crafts of the ancients
It is widely used on all kinds of utensils in later generations
△ Rui beast grape pattern bronze mirror Dingzhou Museum collection
From grape to grape pattern
It is the joy of a good harvest
It's the transformation of emotions
It is also a poetic sublimation
Source丨CCTV News (The copyright belongs to the original author, if there is any infringement, please contact to delete)