In the imperial examination in the second year of Song Renzong Jiayou (1057 AD), a total of 400,000 people participated, and a total of 388 Jinshi were admitted, 24 people were passed down in the "History of the Song Dynasty", 9 people were officials to prime ministers, and 4 people were ranked among the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties. The influence on later generations spans many fields of literature, ideology, politics and even military, so it is called the "first list of the millennium scientific expedition". So what are the bulls in this year's imperial examination? In this article, let's take a look at it.
1, Su Shi
Su Shi is a famous writer and calligrapher in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty, and his father Su Xun and younger brother Su Zhe are called "Three Sus", and he is also the most familiar one among our descendants in this year's candidates. In the imperial examination in the second year of Jiayou, Su Shi and his younger brother Su Zhe participated in the palace examination in the second subject, gave the Jinshi and the first, and since then entered the official career, this year Su Shi was 20 years old.
However, Su Shi's career belongs to the more bumpy kind, his life is either degraded or on the way to be degraded, and the farthest time was relegated to Danzhou, which is now Hainan Island. Although his career is not smooth, Su Shi is still relatively optimistic.
Su shi
In addition to his political career, he also dabbled in a wide range of fields, including poetry, calligraphy and painting, medical architecture, cooking, and water conservancy. During his tenure in Xuzhou, he built a flood control embankment, and when he was in Hangzhou, he built a Su embankment; Dongpo meat is named after Su Shi's number. There are also many calligraphy and painting works that have been handed down to the world.
In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1101), Su Shi died in Changzhou at the age of 66.
2, Su Zhe
Su Zhe and Su Shi are brothers of the same mother, two years younger than Su Shi. His life is also quite legendary, he has been on the road to fishing for his brother all his life, the official is getting bigger and bigger, in order to fish for his brother, he has become the prime minister, which can be called "helping his brother". When Su Shi was deeply involved in the Wutai poetry case, Su Zhe used his official position to intercede for his brother.
Su Zhe
Jiayou two years of the imperial examination, Su Zhe also high school, Song Shenzong, because of the opposition to Wang Anshi's change of law, out of Henan to stay in the official, and then many years in the local experience, after Song Shenzong succeeded to the throne, Su Zhe into the imperial calendar official right division, Yu Shi Zhongcheng, Shangshu right Cheng, the door of the servant Lang and other positions, ranked as the ruler.
After Song Zhezong succeeded to the throne, Su Zhe was also demoted, because Zhezong did not like Su Zhe as a more cautious person, after Song Huizong succeeded to the throne, Prime Minister Cai Jing took power, and Su Zhe was demoted to the court to invite doctors, so he was a doctor in Taizhong. He died in the second year of Masakawa (1112) at the age of 74. Song Xiaozong pursued "Wending".
3, Zhang Zai
Zhang Zai is a famous thinker and educator in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the founders of science.
Zhang Zai also passed the Jinshi in the imperial examination in the second year of Jiayou (1057), and successively served as the judicial officer of Qizhou and the commander of Yunyan County in Danzhou. Because of his political differences with Wang Anshi, he resigned and returned to his hometown after his younger brother Zhang Jian wrote a letter criticizing Wang Anshi and was demoted. Later, he founded Hengqu Academy, taught apprentices and wrote books, and gradually founded the "Guanxue" school that represented his own ideological system.
Zhang Zai
Zhang Zai believes that to be born in the world, we must respect the will of heaven, establish the heavens, the earth, and the people, and achieve sincerity, righteousness, objectivity, knowledge, reason, self-cultivation, and family, govern the country and level the world, and strive to reach the realm of sages. His thoughts are embodied in the above-mentioned sentence of establishing a heart for heaven and earth, establishing a life for the people, continuing to learn for the saints, and opening peace for all generations.
4, Cheng Hao
Cheng Hao was a physicist and educator in the Northern Song Dynasty, the founder of science, and a representative of "Luoxue". In the second year of Jiayou, he was admitted to the Jinshi and entered the official career, so as to supervise the imperial history, supervise the liquor tax in Ruzhou, and judge the Zhenning Army. Cheng Hao was also politically opposed to Wang Anshi's change of law.
Cheng Hao
Academically, Cheng Hao put forward the propositions of "Heaven is reasonable" and "Only the heart is heaven, and everything is intellectual", believing that "the benevolent person is the same as the object, and the righteous and the righteous are benevolent". His representative works include "Zhiren Chapter" and "Qualitative Book".
5, Zeng Gong
Zeng Gong was a historian, politician and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. In his early years, he studied ancient Chinese with Ouyang Xiu. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was awarded the title of Jinshi and the first rank of the Taiping Prefecture Judicial Army. Since then, Zeng Gong has served in many places, and has traveled to Yuezhou, Qizhou, Xiangzhou, Hongzhou, Mingzhou and other places, and has made considerable political achievements.
Zeng Gong
In addition, Zeng Gong's prose is also relatively large, his prose is good at argumentative essays and narrative essays, arguing on police policies, reasoning with twists and turns, and the rhetoric is gentle and slow, with a calm and unhurried atmosphere, similar to Ouyang Xiu's style. "Tang Treatise", "Preface to the Catalogue of Warring States Policy", "Preface to Fan Guanzhi's Recital Collection", and "Shangcai's Bachelor's Book" are all representative works of argumentative articles.
6, Zeng Bu
Zeng Bu was Zeng Gong's younger brother, a politician and reformer in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, a poet, and an important supporter of Wang Anshi's reforms. In the imperial examination in the second year of Jiayou, Zeng Bu and his brother Zeng Gong were admitted to the Jinshi together, and entered the official career, and under the recommendation of Wang Anshi and Han Wei, they got the above books and politics, and were reused by Song Shenzong, and played a vital role in the critical period of Wang Anshi's reform.
Zengbu
After Song Zhezong came to power, he was reused, re-launched the cause of reforming the law, and worshiped the privy envoy, but he broke out conflicts with Zhang Dun, who was also a new party. After Zhao Ji succeeded to the throne of Song Huizong, Zeng Bu served as the right servant, and had a conflict with the left servant Cai Jing, repeatedly derogatory, and finally died in Runzhou at the age of 72.
7, Lu Huiqing
Lu Huiqing is a native of Quanzhou, but also in the second year of Jiayou examination in the jinshi, because of the same political ideas with Wang Anshi and his respect, but also won the trust of Song Shenzong, in the early years of Xining Wang Anshi ruled the period, helped him promote the Qingmiao Law, the city of Yi Law and other reforms, is Wang Anshi in the law of the second person. After Wang Anshi was deposed as prime minister for the first time, Lu Huiqing served as the governor of the government (deputy prime minister) and continued to promote the reform of the law, and in the process of changing the law, he launched a fierce struggle with the conservatives led by Sima Guang.
Lu Huiqing
Later, Lu Huiqing and Wang Anshi had a conflict, the relationship broke down, and after Wang Anshi returned to the dynasty, Lu Huiqing was demoted from Beijing for the crime of sitting on his brother, and since then he has stayed away from the political center. After Song Zhezong came to power, he was appointed again, but he was no longer able to enter the political center. During the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, he served as an envoy to Liquanguan.
8. Zhang Hui
Zhang Dian was a politician and reformer in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, and the highest official was the left servant of the Shangshu and the servant of the door. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Zhang Dian entered Beijing, participated in the imperial examination, Jinshi and the first, and his nephew Zhang Heng won the first prize, Zhang Dian was ashamed under Zhang Heng, refused to accept the edict, and threw away the edict to go home. In the fourth year of Jiayou (1059), Zhang Dian participated in the imperial examination again, and ranked first and fifth in the first class and first in the Kaifeng government examination.
Zhang Hui
Zhang Dian is also an important participant in Wang Anshi's reform, Song Zhezong ascended the throne, Zhang Dian was appointed to know the Privy Council, when the Empress Dowager Gao used Sima Guang and other anti-changes and wanted to abolish the exemption law, he was angry and argued, and was degraded to Ruzhou. Zhezong continued to implement the new law after the pro-government, Zhang Dian worshiped the left minister, lived in the phase for five years, took "Shaoshu" as his own responsibility, restored the green seedlings, exempted from military service, he advocated the war against the Western Xia, built a fort and opened the border, and achieved a major victory. After Huizong succeeded to the throne, Zhang Dian was degraded again and again, and died in Muzhou in the fourth year of Chongning (1106).
9, Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng is Zhang Dan's nephew, the champion of the imperial examination in the second year of Jiayou, and has held many positions after entering the official career, including Huzhou General Judge, Salt and Iron Judge, Ruzhou Zhizhou, Yingzhou Zhizhou, etc. He was also recalled to the capital in the early years of Xining, sentenced to Taichang Temple, and sent an envoy to the Liao State. During his mission to the Liao State, the Liao lord once bullied him into being a scribe and proposed archery at a banquet to help the fun. Zhang Heng broke it in a row, showing his talent in both civil and military affairs. The lord of Liao gave him special preferential treatment because of this.
Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng has a straightforward personality, is not afraid of forces, and has the courage to admonish. When he served in the ministry, he continued to debate, insisted on discerning the facts, and appealed to the emperor all the time. In addition, the "Chronicle of the Emperors" compiled by him was praised by Shenzong as "the history that can be crowned".
10, Wang Shao
Wang Shao is a native of De'an, Jiangzhou, and ascended to the rank of Jinshi in the second year of Jiayou (1057), and then successively served as the chief secretary of Xin'an and the manager of the Jianchang army to join the army. After failing to pass the examination, he turned to travel around Shaanxi and conducted in-depth interviews with the customs and people of the northwest border, which laid the foundation for his future Pingrong strategy.
Wang Shao
In the first year of the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty (1068), Wang Shao presented three articles of "Pingrong Strategy" to Shenzong, detailing the strategy of conquering Western Xia. He proposed that "if you want to capture Western Xia, you should first recover the land of Hehe and Huangzhou, so that the Xia people will have to worry about the enemy." This strategy was adopted by Song Shenzong, and Wang Shao was appointed as the Qin Feng Lu Jinglu driver Yiwen (equivalent to a confidential secretary) to preside over the development of the Xihe River. He led the army to defeat the armies of the Qiang people and the Western Xia, and successfully recovered the five prefectures of Xi, He, Tao, Min, Tang, and Kang, and expanded the border for more than 2,000 li, forming an encirclement of the Western Xia.
Because of his outstanding performance in the Battle of Xihe, Wang Shao progressed to the positions of bachelor of the Guanwen Palace, waiter of the Ministry of Rites, and finally became the deputy envoy of the Privy Council. He was nicknamed the "Three Strange Deputy Envoys" because of his "strange schemes, strange times, and strange rewards".
Brief summary:
In addition to the above-mentioned people, those who passed the Jinshi examination in the second year of Jiayou also included Zheng Yong, the official Zhishang Shuyoucheng; Lin Xi, the official to the Privy Council (the same as the deputy minister); Zhang Qi, the official to participate in the governor's affairs; In addition, the chief examiner of this imperial examination is Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the Northern Song Dynasty literary circle and one of the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, the deputy examiner is Wang Si, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the teacher is Mei Yaochen, who is known as the patriarch of the Song Dynasty.