The China Aviation Museum is located in the hall on the first floor of the comprehensive exhibition hall, and there is an aircraft marked "Lenin", which is the first aircraft of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army from the above text introduction. Seeing this US-made "Cossey" reconnaissance light bomber, some people may wonder, the Red Army was all millet plus rifles, how could there be such an advanced bomber? How did this plane come about?
It turned out that this plane was the spoils of war captured by the Red Army in the Eyu-Anhui Soviet District that year, and on the afternoon of March 16, 1930, on the river beach near the Chenjia River in Luoshan County, Henan Province, where the Eyu-Anhui base area was located, the Red Guards of the Red Army who were on the guard suddenly heard a roar from the sky, and then found that a plane landed on the ground crookedly and obliquely, so they immediately blew a horn. The Red Army soldiers, Red Guards, and hundreds of people in the village immediately surrounded the planes that landed on the river beach.
After the plane stopped, a pilot wearing an American flight suit stepped down from the cabin, and when he saw that the surrounding area was surrounded by red red soldiers with red five stars flashing on their hats, he was suddenly frightened, jumped off the plane and wanted to flee into the forest, how nai came from all around a burst of "stop" shouts, many red guns and knives brushed at him, the pilot knew that he could not escape the net, had to raise his hands to the crowd around and said: "Folks, folks, I am the pilot Long Wenguang, please don't hurt me."
Then, several Red Army fighters escorted this person who claimed to be a pilot, Long Wenguang, to the headquarters of the Red Army in Eyuwan, and after interrogation, Long Wenguang was then the commander of the Kuomintang Air Force, and was ordered to fly a plane from Hankou to Kaifeng, Henan Province, to carry out an emergency airdrop communication mission. The plane was lost, it was difficult to distinguish the direction, Long Wenguang could not work after several efforts, the fuel was about to run out, in a hurry, Long Wenguang had to make an emergency landing, in the process of circling the plane, he thought that the landing site was the National Unification Area, but he did not expect to descend to the Red Army base area.
At this time, the news of capturing a pilot and capturing an airplane was quickly reported to Xu Xiangqian, the commander-in-chief of the Red Army, who immediately found Long Wenguang on horseback. As soon as Long Wenguang saw Xu Xiangqian, the commander of the Whampoa Army who was approachable, kind in attitude, and well-known for a long time, he felt respect, and his concerns, fears, and wariness about the Red Army were slowly lifted.
It turned out that Long Wenguang was a graduate of the huangpu phase III, and Xu Xiangqian was a Huangpu phase I, and the two fellow students gathered on this occasion, no doubt narrowing the distance, and then Xu Xiangqian invited Long Wenguang into the house to have dinner, and he just chatted about family routines, and incidentally revealed some of the work of the Red Army, Long Wenguang was originally a very ambitious soldier, after a conversation with Xu Xiangqian, he deeply felt that joining the Red Army was the wisest choice, so he decided to abandon the dark and join the Red Army.
Xu Xiangqian learned of Long Wenguang's intention to join the Red Army, held his hand tightly, and said happily: "Congratulations on you and your plane going to the light!" In order to show his determination to join the Red Army, Long Wenguang changed his name to Long Chiguang.
After he formally joined the ranks of the Red Army, Long Wenguang was appointed as a staff officer of the Headquarters of the Red Army in Eyu and Anhui, and he deeply felt that the Red Army had full trust in him, was very happy to work here, and his enthusiasm was also very high. At this time, the Kuomintang government authorities found that the plane was missing and missing, and repeatedly sent planes to conduct reconnaissance in the air, and also sent spies to infiltrate the Soviet area and look around for reconnaissance, but in the end no trace of the plane was found. It turned out that the Red Army, according to Wen Guang's suggestion, safely transferred the aircraft to a hidden place, and the enemy did not find it at all.
Subsequently, with the approval of the central government, in May 1931, the Eyuwan Base Area established an Aviation Bureau, appointed Long Wenguang as the director of the Red Army Aviation Bureau, and the office was set up in the Puji Temple in Xinji Beitou, Henan, where the sign board of the former Aviation Bureau of the Eyu-Anhui Military Commission was placed. At the same time, the headquarters of the Red Army also equipped Long Wenguang with the necessary technical personnel, and also built an airport covering an area of more than 100 acres in the open space by the river, and with the joint efforts of everyone, reassembled the aircraft disassembled for hiding. The plane was quickly rebuilt and painted on the flat river beach, and a shiny red five-star was painted on each side of the wings in a silver-gray background.
Long Wenguang led an aircraft uprising to join the Red Army, the Eyu-Anhui Red Army held a grand aircraft naming ceremony, and the commander-in-chief Xu Xiangqian announced that the first aircraft of the Red Army was named "Lenin", and from this, an aircraft belonging to the Red Army itself was born.
The Red Army also had its own aircraft, and the masses in the base areas were all rejoicing and gathered in Renjiaba from all directions to see the Red Army's own aircraft with their own eyes. Everyone beat gongs and drums like a festival for three consecutive days. Subsequently, the Lenin conducted take-off test flights and also conducted aerial reconnaissance of the enemy. Chen Changhao, political commissar of the Red Army, boarded the plane with Long Wenguang.
Red Army planes distributed a large number of propaganda leaflets in some areas occupied by the Kuomintang army, and then flew to Wuhan to conduct reconnaissance and demonstrations. When the plane flew over the southern section of the Beijing-Hankou Railway and the outskirts of Wuhan, it dropped a large number of leaflets and then returned safely, and the Red Army also had a plane, which shocked the enemy's nest.
What made the soldiers and people in the base area even more enthusiastic was that the planes also participated in the bombing of the liberation of Huang'an City; at that time, the Red Fourth Front Army was established in Qiliping and decided to attack the county town of Huang'an County, and more than 10,000 people of the enemy's 69th Division in the city were stubbornly waiting for assistance, and the Red Army besieged the city for a long time, seeing that the enemy reinforcements would arrive at the city in about three days, and the battle situation was extremely dangerous. The Red Army took the opportunity to launch a charge against Huang'an City, crushing more than 10,000 defenders, capturing more than 5,000 people, capturing more than 5,000 guns, and liberating Huang'an County.
After the Battle of Huang'an I, Long Wenguang, who led the plane to the Red Army, was greatly shocked, and Chiang Kai-shek was so angry that he gritted his teeth and successively mobilized dozens of planes to participate in the battle, in order to take down the "Lenin." In the face of the situation of great disparity between the masses, Long Wenguang evaded the enemy's pursuit and interception with exquisite technology and extraordinary courage in several thrilling encounters, and he even injured an enemy plane. Chiang Kai-shek was even more annoyed when he heard this, and offered a reward of 100,000 oceans, and he must seize Long Wenguang to relieve the hatred in his heart.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek began the fourth unprecedented scale of "encirclement and suppression" of the Eyu-Anhui Red Army, and he wanted to eliminate the Red Army through "encirclement and suppression" and wanted to recapture the plane that participated in the Red Army. He also wrote an edict in his own handwriting: We must get rid of Long Wenguang, who "surrendered with the machine". Faced with the encirclement and suppression of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops, the Red Army was in an increasingly dangerous situation. The planes, with the help of the masses, moved several places with the Red Army. Because it is so large, each transfer is very laborious. In the end, the Red Army decided to dismantle the aircraft and bury it between two tombs in huilong temple in the base area of Jiashan Fort.
After the plane was buried, Long Wenguang was separated from the large red army troops in a breakthrough, and when he disguised himself and sneaked back to Hankou to meet with his wife Huang Qiuying, he was discovered by Kuomintang agents, unfortunately arrested and imprisoned, and later killed by the enemy at the Weier (Quan) Terrace in Wuchang, Hubei Province, for the crime of "taking the plane to surrender bandits", at the age of 34. Before his death sentence, Long Wenguang wrote a "desperate poem": "Thousands of autumns and rains are floating in the world, and the matter of death and life is paid for." I am proud to fly freely in the air, not to be a hero. After the organization posthumously recognized him as a revolutionary martyr.
Long Wenguang, formerly known as Peng Wenguang, a native of Zhan Wan Village, Pengjiachang, a hometown of Chongqing Liao, Sichuan, was adopted by his uncle Long Zuolin as his heir at the age of two, and changed his name to Long Dexun.
Later, Long Wenguang, who was studying at Chaoyang University in Beijing, resolutely threw himself into the infantry section of the third phase of the Huangpu Military Academy, and after graduating from Huangpu, he was selected to study in the Aviation School with excellent results, and was later selected to continue his studies at the Second Aviation School of the Soviet Union.
After Long Wenguang's heroic sacrifice, the "Lenin" buried in the remote ravine of Dabie Mountain was informed by people, and was dug up by the enemy and destroyed and buried on the spot. Nevertheless, the people of the old area of Dabie Mountain have not forgotten the plane that once contributed to the victory of the base area, still less have they forgotten the heroic deeds of martyr Long Wenguang who joined the Red Army with the plane and became the first aviation director in the history of the Red Army.