How can the waves exhaust the heroes!
In modern Chinese history, the Whampoa Military Academy is famous.
As everyone knows, in Baoding, Hebei Province, there is also a well-known regular military academy at home and abroad, and he has created a precedent for modern military science education in China.
Baoding Army Officer School
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From October 20, 1912, when the Baoding Army Officer School was officially opened to August 1923, it lasted 11 years, with 8 principals before and after, a total of 9 sessions, training 6754 military talents, and 1235 major generals or above or senior military and political positions.
Among them, the more representative figures are: Chen Cheng, Bai Chongxi, Tang Shengzhi, Li Pinxian, Tao Zhiyue, Xue Yue, Gu Zhutong, Zhou Zhirou, Luo Zhuoying, Ye Ting, Deng Yanda, Fu Zuoyi and so on.
(1)
A Baoding City 14 military schools, directly subordinate to the governor Yuan Shikai dug the corners of the Qing Dynasty by running the school
In November of the 27th year of Guangxu (1901), after Yuan Shikai became the governor of Beiyang and the minister of Beiyang, he set up the "Beiyang Military and Political Department" in Baoding, taking Baoding as the base, and began to train the Beiyang Standing Army, which eventually became the six towns of the Beiyang Army with 70,000 people.
In training and administering the army, the greatest capital is talent. Beginning in the 28th year of Guangxu, Yuan Shikai relied heavily on Liu Yongqing, Duan Qirui, and Feng Guozhang to open a new-style military academy and cultivate all kinds of talents for Beiyang.
List of military academies opened by Yuan Shikai in Baoding:
Beiyang Xingying will ben xuetang
Training camp
Staff Academy
Surveying and Mapping Academy
Beiyang Army Normal School
Baoding Dongguan Army Primary School
Beiyang Army Accelerated Martial Arts Academy
Horse Medicine Hall
Ordnance Academy
Manager Academy
Gendarmerie Academy
Telecommunications Signal Team
War Department Crash Course
War Department Officer Academy
Army Preparatory University Hall
These schools include infantry sections, artillery sections, cavalry sections, engineer sections, heavy sections and managers, teacher training, ordnance sections, and also attached japanese, English, German, French and other foreign language classes, which have a new type of military school weather.
The students trained, such as Wu Peifu, Sun Chuanfang, Qi Xieyuan, Sun Yue, Shang Zhen, etc., were all elite talents of the Beiyang Army and also the gravediggers of the Qing Dynasty.
Among them, it has to be mentioned that in the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Qun, Wang Bailing and others came to Baoding, entered the preparatory class for Japanese students of the War Department's Accelerated School, and at the end of the year, they crossed east to the Zhenwu School in Japan.
In Baoding, Chiang Kai-shek took an important step in his life.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Yuan Shikai still remembered the capital for building the army and the place where he started.
On October 20, 1912, after half a year of intense preparations, the Baoding Army Officer School welcomed its first batch of students.
At this time, it was only 18 years before the Sino-Japanese War, and only 12 years after the Eight-Power Alliance invaded Beijing.
(2)
"If the school is not run well, that is, suicide is martyrdom", the soul of the principal affects the spirit of the students
A good school must be an educator running education, and it is inseparable from a good principal.
Baoding Army Officer School has a total of 8 principals, they are from different origins, different qualifications, different levels, coaching performance has its own advantages.
List of principals of the Baoding Army Officer School
name
Origin
birth
Length of service
Zhao Litai
Hefei, Anhui
Beiyang Martial Arts Academy
October 5, 1912
Jiang Fangzhen
Haining, Zhejiang
Japanese Academy
December 15, 1912
Qu Tongfeng
Fushan, Shandong
September 2, 1913
Wang Ruxian
Beijing Miyun
September 1, 1915
Yang Zude
Weifang, Shandong
January 11, 1917
Jia Deyao
August 23, 1919
Zhang Hongxu
Directly under Tianjin
June 30, 1921
Sun Shulin
Directly under the Ayutthaya
October 26, 1922
Among these principals, the first Zhao Litai won the trust of Yuan Shikai and made outstanding contributions to the establishment of the school, but his incompetence in governance, coupled with the political confrontation between the north and the south, caused a wave of students, and he was helpless, and he was dismissed from his post in February.
Wang Ruxian was incompetent and immoral, Zhang Hongxu was young and conservative, and the two of them made the school a miasma, and the people were panicked, and they were incompetent. Jia Deyao and Sun Shulin are limited by the current situation and are limited.
The most influential on the school were Jiang Fangzhen and two Shandong people: Qu Tongfeng and Yang Zude, who all had a common feature, graduating from the Japanese Non-Commissioned Officer School.
Among them, Jiang Fangzhen (Zi Baili) is the most legendary and has a great influence on the school spirit of Baoding Military Academy.
He is a military student in Japan and Germany, with a broad vision and enterprising spirit.
During his studies at the Japanese Non-Commissioned Officer School, together with Cai Yi and Zhang Xiaozhun, he was called "Sanjie", and because he ranked first in the graduation examination, he was personally awarded the saber by the Japanese Emperor, for which Japan taught Chinese and Japanese students separately to prevent Chinese students from winning the championship.
Under the strong recommendation of Yuan Keding, Jiang Fangzhen succeeded Zhao Litai as the second principal of the Baoding Military Academy of the Army.
On the second day of taking office, he proposed in his instructions to teachers and students:
China's new soldiers should smelt the immortal spirit of loyalty, wisdom and courage and self-reliance of China's loyal and famous generals in the past, as well as the spirit of European chivalry, the spirit of Japanese Bushido and the spirit of Chinese rangers, in order to forge a new spirit of Chinese soldiers.
If I set a good example, you will not follow, and you should be severely punished. If Fang Zhen does not fulfill his responsibilities and cannot run the school well, he should kill himself to make his responsibility clear.
Words must be done. Jiang Fangzhen, who was full of flesh and blood, straightened out the school order, personally supervised the exercises, adjusted the teaching team, formulated the syllabus, improved the quality of food, and distributed new military uniforms, leather shoes, and riding boots to students.
Unfortunately, he was born at the wrong time, his ambitions were difficult to implement, and in that chaotic world of fish and dragons, he was subject to the Beiyang government everywhere, and many good reform ideas were in vain.
On the morning of June 18, 1913, Jiang Baili, who was only 31 years old, shot himself in front of all the teachers and students of the school, causing a national public uproar.
Yuan Shikai asked Japanese medical personnel to rescue and treat, but Jiang Fangzhen fortunately did not die, enabling China to save a military wizard.
After the efforts of Qu Tongfeng and Yang Zude, the Baoding Army Officer School developed into a golden period of stable teaching order and the best teaching quality in the three years from 1916 to 1919.
The teaching materials for the military courses of the Baoding Army Officer School are all translated and sorted out by the Textbooks of the Japanese Army and the German Army, and the teaching is divided into a combination of infield theory and field practice, and tactical work is an extremely important compulsory course.
Judging from the institutional set-up, curriculum, teaching methods, and various rules and regulations, the Baoding Army Officer School basically meets the standards of similar military schools in modern Germany and Japan.
The combination of traditional Chinese martial arts and new-style army building ideas has deeply influenced groups of Baoding military academy students.
(3)
First there is the Baoding system, and then there is the Huangpu system, and the wind and waves can't exhaust many chaotic worlds
A history of the Republic of China, the first half is the Baoding Military Academy, and the second half is the Whampoa Military Academy.
Although the Whampoa Military Academy forbade students to inquire about politics, in that turbulent era, this was simply an empty phrase, whether it was a warlord army or a Kuomintang army, soldiers were tied tightly to politics.
From the beginning of the Northern Expedition in 192 to the end of the Liberation War in 1949, Baodingsheng accounted for more than 30 percent of the military's highest posts.
In 1936, 31% of the senior officers (major generals and above) of the Kuomintang Army were from Baoding, and in the late stage of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Baoding Department was even more dazzling, with 50% of the commanders and deputy commanders in the theater and 38% of the chief and deputy commanders-in-chief of the group army, far surpassing other graduates. It was not until 1947 that Whampoa graduates came in overtaken the Baoding Department.
In December 1948, of the 43 war criminals declared by the CCP, the Baoding department still accounted for 9: Chen Cheng, Bai Chongxi, Gu Zhutong, Xiong Shihui, Liu Zhi, Xue Yue, Yu Hanmou, Fu Zuoyi, and Zhou Zhirou.
At this time, it was exactly 25 years since the suspension of the Baoding Military Academy.
In the past 25 years, more than 6,000 Baoding students have been bumping and flowing in the turbulent tide of history, not only writing their own lives, but also influencing and changing history.
During the Northern Expedition, after the defeat of Baoding's younger brother Ye Tingli, Wu Peifu, the baoding senior, a large number of outstanding elements of the Baoding Army Officer School became famous generals in the army and fought.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in many battles, large and small, there were Baoding military cadets who fought in blood: He Jifeng, Zhang Kexia, Zhang Weifan, and Dong Shengtang at the time of the Lugou Bridge Incident; Hao Mengling, who died at the Battle of Xinkou; Tang Shengzhi in the Defense of Nanjing; Chen Cheng and Zhang Zhizhong in the Battle of Songhu; Bai Chongxi, Gu Zhutong, and Shangguan Yunxiang in the Battle of Taierzhuang; Chen Cheng, Luo Zhuoying, and Huang Qixiang, commanders of the Burmese Expeditionary Force; and so on.
Of course, different political beliefs and political pursuits have also caused the differentiation of Baodingsheng. Ye Ting, Zhao Bosheng, and Dong Zhentang participated in the founding of the Chinese Communist army very early, Fu Zuoyi led the Beiping Uprising, and the Baoding Ninth Phase Zhang Kexia and He Jifeng's Huaihai Battlefield Uprising directly opened the door from Shandong to Xuzhou for the People's Liberation Army.
The most legendary is Wu Shi, who was a classmate of Bai Chongxi and Zhang Zhizhong, who was depressed all his life, changed his faith under the influence of Baoding alumnus He Sui, became an underground member of the Communist Party of China, was arrested by Zhou Zhirou, a disciple of Baoding, in 1950, he was arrested by the Baoding master and disciple Zhou Zhirou, and was shot by the name of Chiang Kai-shek, the head of Baoding.
Grace and resentment, life and death, are all out of the Baoding family.
Historically, it has been believed that Huangpu was a concubine of Chiang Kai-shek, but in fact, the Baoding clan's support for Chiang Kai-shek was to some extent heavier than that of Huangpu.
When the Whampoa Military Academy was founded in 1924, the Baoding Military Academy had just been discontinued. A large number of Baoding teachers and students went south, providing sufficient teaching conditions for the opening of the Whampoa Military Academy. At the beginning of the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy, the tactics, professors and other instructors were almost all covered by Baoding students.
Sun Yat-sen said: Some of the teachers of the Whampoa Military Academy have come from abroad and from the Baoding Military Academy, but the Baoding Military Academy has been established for a long time, has a large number of people, and has complete equipment. This evaluation is still very pertinent.
Among the 53 military academies opened during the Republic of China, Baoding students served as principals, education chiefs and other important positions in 31. A large number of works, such as military defense, infantry exercises, mechanized operations, logistics operations, and guerrilla tactics, were all completed by Baodingsheng.
In front of the Huangpu Department, Baodingsheng is a well-deserved teacher.
Chen Cheng is an iconic figure.
Chen Cheng accompanied Chiang Kai-shek in reviewing the trainees of the training class
In 1919, Chen Cheng relied on a borrowed high school diploma to impersonate the Baoding Army Officer School Admission Examination, but was not admitted because of poor grades and short stature, and later found a relationship to enter the Eighth Artillery Department in the name of preparing for a student.
Who would have thought that this poor student, who was almost eliminated by Baoding, became Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted person, starting from the Whampoa Military Academy until retreating to Taiwan, always following and being loyal.
Shang Father Yin Rune, concise and pondered into a faction; Wu Hou Tao, bowed to the exhaustion of the Law.
The green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red a few degrees.
Directly under Baoding, in front of Shangwu Hall, the courtyard is deep, and the grass and trees are quiet.
Shadows, knives and guns, warhorses roaring, arrays of strict order, have you ever seen more than a hundred years ago, groups of enthusiastic young people, practicing in this land...