Shaanxi people say "cold baby" locally, not in front of shaanxi, but say "is a cold baby", "you cold baby", "really a cold baby" and so on. Some people think that "lengwa" is the transliteration of "stunned baby", but in fact, it is not right.
In the Guanzhong dialect, the interpretation of "stunned" is similar to that of Mandarin, containing meanings such as stupidity, stupidity, lack of heart and eyes, and phrases such as "two stunned", "stunned", "stunned", etc.
The "cold" of "cold baby" does not contain these meanings. The interpretation of "cold" is derived from the cold of temperature and heat, and the commonly used afterword of Shaanxi people, "northeast wind - cold encouragement", can be proved. Because there are many northeast winds in Guanzhong in winter, especially before the snow falls. The use of "cold encouragement" is slightly the same as that of "cold baby", but the tone is heavier. Whenever you say cold baby, if it contains surprise, emotion, derogatory, praise and other emotional colors, it can be replaced by "cold encouragement".
"Lengwa", like "Kansai Han", is specifically used to describe men. The difference is in the height of one finger and the inner spirit of one finger. Lengwa, as a character trait or a person's spiritual temperament, includes many special brave, especially decisive, buried in hard work, desperately hard work, identify the right things, go all out, never look back, have fierceness, have resilience and other multiple meanings.
However, as a kind of regional cultural character and temperament, Lengwa also has positive and negative poles, and in addition to the above complex levels, there is also the level of "the terroir in Guanzhong is complete, and the people's quality is straight and righteous" as mentioned in the Jin Dynasty Xinzhou Dawen Haoyuan Haoqing in "Sending Qin zhongren introduction". Quality is an ethical value judgment. This kind of character, in the individual, is a moral quality; in the group, it is a general cultural trend and cultural psychology throughout the region.
Shaanxi, especially Guanzhong, is the cradle of Chinese liturgical music culture and the hometown of Zhou Gong. Zhou Gongdan made ritual music, which is here. Confucius "self-denial and retribution", the ritual he restored, is also the Zhou Li. Although Qin Youzhou's homeland was regarded by later commentators as a typical example of cruelty and ruthlessness because of the ruins of the zongshe, it is not difficult to find the righteous and righteous qualities of the Qin people by looking at the "Qin Feng" in the "Book of Poetry", especially the "No Clothes" in it. Qin Bing attacked in the east, invincible, and the world was one, which was very cold. Within the coordinated military brigade, it ordered the ranks to be straightened out, to desire the same thing from top to bottom, and then to defeat the enemy and win the victory, relying not only on severe punishment and harsh law, not only on heavy awards, but more importantly, on the ethical cohesion of "you have no clothes, and you are in the same robe with your son", that is, the moral consciousness of Shangyi.
Lengwa's character also contains a certain pioneering spirit and adventurous spirit. The people of Shaanxi are nestled in Guanzhong and imprisoned themselves, so it is impossible for them to make a big difference. If you want to make a big difference, you have to be like the Wei River, the Yan River, the Han River, and the Jialing River, flowing into the Yellow River, into the Yangtze River, and then running to the sea.
King Ji of Zhou Wu sent a song to the people, the soldiers came to the court, destroyed the Yin merchants and won the world, which was to open up; after Mu Gong, Qin took the eastward advance as the national policy, and finally in the hands of YingZheng, "six kings, four seas and one", was also pioneering. As for the Qin general Bai Qi, it was even more a famous general with a very cold spirit, who had gone out of Wuguan to attack Chu and took the capital of Yingdu in one fell swoop, and Qiang Chu was vulnerable, and Qu Yuan's "Lamentations" wrote about this incident; the decisive battle with Zhao in Changzhi, pit Zhao zhao for 400,000 people, so that the strong Zhao who dominated northern China has since collapsed. Unfortunately, like many noble courtiers, he was slandered and degraded, and he was given death, leaving no decent military writings and theories behind, and a title of "Wu Anjun" was left empty.
White
There are also Lengwa among the monarchs of Qin. According to historical records, King Wu of Qin was good at playing, liked to lift weights, and died violently because of his injuries. He can definitely be described as "cold baby" or "cold instigation". Since then, the east has become a regional culture, integrated into the cultural psychology of the Qin people, and passed down from generation to generation. Therefore, since the fall of Zhou Qin, all those who want to achieve the cause of king hegemony have first based on the relevant middle, and then chased after the Central Plains and competed for the world. So was the Han, so was the Tang, and so was the Great Shun Dynasty. As for the Chinese Communists, they also gained a firm foothold in northern Shaanxi before they could have the world.
Taking the west entrance is a pioneering to the west. It is also a manifestation of the positive side of the spirit of Shaanxi people Lengwa. In the Qin Dynasty, it used to merge RongDi and Bashu in the west, Hanzhong in the south, and Shangjun in the north. After the Fall of the Han Dynasty, Chang'an was the starting point of the Silk Road, which transported China and the West. The heroic talents of Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty are roughly not to mention, in terms of ministers, Zhang Qian's envoy to the Western Regions of the Western Han Dynasty and Ban Chao's pen from Rong in the Eastern Han Dynasty are all very cold and energetic of the Shaanxi people. Then, the poets can chant "a county grape ripe, autumn mountain alfalfa more."
Zhang Qian went on a mission to the Western Regions
Of course, this expansion to the west often shows some tendency to exhaust military force, and this tendency mostly occurred in the heyday of the dynasty, the most representative of which is Li Longji, the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, it was good to live on the open side, and the side would ask for more credit. "A million attacks on a city, and the victory is not lost", "Every year the bones of the war are buried outside the wilderness, and the grapes are seen in the Han family". The internal conquest was violent, and the external use of troops was excessive, so that the "Kaiyuan Prosperous Era" quickly entered a chaotic world, the lives were destroyed, the flames were candles, and the Li Tang Dynasty was no longer beautiful. In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin's poem Yun: "When did the land become a king's way, and since ancient times, poor soldiers are a curse fetus", which is a poetic conclusion about the disastrous consequences caused by some irrational elements originally contained in the spirit of Lengwa.
The negative pole of LengWa's spirit also contains some "banditry", which has a deep cultural connection and psychological connection with the violent irrational factors in human nature. Embodied in the personality of a specific individual, it is often associated with cruel, deviant, and unethical ways of behaving and behaving.
Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong, who were undoubtedly the leaders of the peasant uprising, chose to rebel and chose to rise up when they were faced with the harsh choice that rebellion may die or live, and if they do not rebel, they will only have a dead end. However, they all have a murderous side in their personality, a murderous side that does not blink.
In his historical novel Li Zicheng, Yao Xueyu wrote Li Zicheng as a tall, red and bright figure according to the symbol of a Communist Party member, which is contrary to historical reality. As for Zhang Xianzhong, Mr. Lu Xun took a stern critical stance on his indiscriminate killing and abuse. Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong are both Lengwa, with Lengwa-type personality and temperament, but the banditry in them is also obvious. Therefore, those who Lu Xun criticizes, those who are deeply hated, and the bandit nature, we do not need to protect the short.
In Chen Zhongzhong's "White Deer Plain", Heiwa's personality can impress readers. This should also be said to be a successful figurative Lengwa character. In the fifty years of change in Chinese history, he did not choose Bai Xiaowen to join the Kuomintang, nor did he ultimately choose the Communist Party of Bai Ling and Lu Zhaopeng, as those of their origin would usually choose, but became a bandit by mistake. Although he also joined the Communist Party, worked as a bandit, helped the Communist Party, and cooperated, he was still dragged out to suppress it.
In fact, the wildness and banditry of Heiwa's body are also inherited by her family. Father Lu San has both a benevolent and righteous side, such as his loyalty to the main family as a long-term worker of the Bai Jiaxuan family; but there is also his barbaric and cruel side, for example, he can't bear to stab poor daughter-in-law Tian Xiao'e from behind with a dart head, without shaking his hands.
In "White Deer Plain", it was written about the siege of the city by the Zhensong army. Those who guarded the city were Yang Hu and Li Hu, known as the "Second Tiger Guarding Chang'an". This is a historical fact that Shaanxi people are proud of and well known. The two tigers should be said to be typical of Shaanxi Lengwa.
The city was besieged, the grain and grass were cut off, and the people couldnibalized each other, but they still clenched their teeth and held it, so that Liu Zhenhua's Zhensong army that besieged the city was defeated. This Yang Hu was the general Yang Hucheng who later launched a military campaign with Zhang Xueliang in Xi'an, and was eventually brutally killed by Chiang Kai-shek in the White Mansion.
"White Deer Plain" also writes about the Zhongtiao Mountain Resistance War supported by Mr. Zhu. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, North China fell and Shanxi fell, and Sun Weiru, a native of Chang'an, Shaanxi, led his troops to negotiate with the Japanese Kou in the area of Zhongtiao Mountain in southern Jin. When Rikou arrived at Fengling Ferry, he shelled the Tongguan Castle Tower on the other side, but he was never able to cross the river, and he was very meritorious and therefore quite famous. At that time, when the Kuomintang army was fleeing in the wind, it was very bold to dare and be able to resist the fight there. This is also a Shaanxi Lengwa. But he did not seem to be strictly restrained by the township party in his hometown, and those indisputable sons were armed with guns and robbed. From Lintong to Xi'an, more than sixty miles of Tongqu Avenue, to the area of the opening, there are often bandits who kill people and cross goods, and for a period of time it was regarded as a fearful road.
Don't look at Guanzhong in the history of the Han and Tang Dynasties was once a district of hundreds of good things, but in modern times, there are also many bandits.
Today, as a new generation of Shaanxi people, we must abandon the defects of more than enough quality but insufficient literature and history, vigorously carry forward the precious spirit of angularity, independent thinking, and courage to move forward in Shaanxi Lengwa, and constantly improve our self-cultivation, so as to shape a new cultural quality that meets the needs of social development.