Introduction: The Xiongnu besieged the Han Dynasty Emperor Liu Bang for seven days and seven nights, why did they let him go? Look at the attitude of peace and kiss, this matter is not simple, and the Two Sides of China and Hungary use peace and kiss to play a big game.
The Xiongnu killed their father and established himself as Shan Yuhou, successively destroyed Eastern Hu, Pingxi Region, and destroyed more than twenty small states in the north, and he began to harass the Han Dynasty's borders and plunder population and materials; at this time, Han Gaozu's ancestor Liu Bang initially set the world and sent Han Wangxin to defend Mayi, at this time the Xiongnu morale was high, so they attacked Mayi in a big way, under the threat of the powerful cavalry of the Xiongnu, Han Wangxin surrendered to the Xiongnu, and after the Xiongnu obtained Han Wangxin, they further grasped the secrets of the Han Dynasty's military deployment, led the Army to The South Vietnamese Sentence Note, attacked Taiyuan, and the soldiers were self-defeating under the city of Jinyang. It posed a serious threat to the Western Han regime.
In order to quell the invasion of the Xiongnu and the rebellion of Han Wangxin, Liu Bang personally led a large army to meet the Xiongnu, and successively won victories in the battles of Jinyang and Tongyan, in order to completely defeat the Xiongnu, Liu Bang ignored Liu Jing's advice and led part of the Han army to pursue Mo Dun Shan Yu to the north.
When Liu Bang took advantage of the victory to pursue, Mao Dun hid the elite troops and exposed the weak soldiers, and Liu Bang, who had been in the battlefield for a long time, was also afraid that it was a strategy to lure the enemy, and sent people to spy on the Xiongnu many times, and when the emissaries reported the specific situation of the Xiongnu to Liu Bang, they thought that it was indeed possible to fight. The cautious Liu Bang sent Liu Jing to the Xiongnu again to inquire into the truth, and liu Jing came back and said to Liu Bang, "When the two countries exchange troops, they should show superior troop strength, and all I see are old, weak, sick and disabled soldiers, which is obviously the enemy showing the inferiority in front of us, and hiding the elite soldiers as strange soldiers, so I think the Xiongnu cannot fight." ”
After the Battles of Tongyang and Jinyang, Liu Bang's confidence suddenly increased, and he thought that this was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to completely eliminate Mao Dun, but in spite of Liu Jing's advice, he led his army to venture forward, and as a result, He was caught in the strategy of luring the enemy, and Mo Dun besieged Liu Bang in Pingcheng for seven days and seven nights with 400,000 elite soldiers, "The Han army cannot save each other at home and abroad.".
However, the confused Mao Dun Shan Yu did not kill Liu Bang or capture Liu Bang, but "opened a corner" to let Liu Bang escape.
Some people believe that Liu Bang took Chen Ping's strategy and sent emissaries to the most favored Fu clan, shan Yu believed fu's words that "the two lords are not trapped, and the Han lord has a god", Liu Bang was able to escape from danger, after which Liu Bang accepted Liu Jing's suggestion and made a peace agreement with the Xiongnu. That is to say, the reason why Liu Bang was able to escape from danger was completed by shan Yu's ear wind and sending a princess to marry.
Is that actually the case? Let's first understand the situation of the Xiongnu to gain insight into Mo Dundan's strategy against the Han Dynasty:
First of all, relying on the Han Dynasty,
The xiongnu people lived mainly in the present Mongolian plateau and the Yinshan region, with harsh climatic conditions, long winters and short summers, harsh winters, little rainfall, and very uneven; more fatally, natural disasters often occurred here, causing a large number of livestock deaths, and even threatening the survival of the Huns; and the Huns were a nomadic people, whose livestock were both their main property and their means of subsistence, and this economic way of relying on the sky to eat was not self-sufficient If the Xiongnu wanted to survive, they had to obtain rich means of production and living from the Han Empire, which was dominated by agricultural civilization, and the material civilization of the Han Dynasty had a huge temptation for the Xiongnu; at this time, the cavalry led by Mao Dundan could easily destroy and capture Liu Bang, but easily released Liu Bang, the purpose of which was to force Liu Bang to "pay tribute".
Second, the benefit is to advance, the disadvantage is to retreat, and it is not ashamed to go away
From the analysis of the time of the dispatch of troops by Mao Dundan, for the nomadic people such as the Xiongnu, winter is the most difficult period of time, the grass is yellow, the livestock are weak, and a warm shelter is needed, and special people take care of it to survive the harsh winter; while The arrival of troops in winter by Mao Dundan yu violates the law of nomadic life and is also extremely dangerous. According to the data, during the Period of Mao Dundan, the xiongnu population was about 1.3-41.4 million people, with this population base, Shan Yu almost dispatched the entire army of the Xiongnu, once the war was unfavorable, it could not be withdrawn to the Xiongnu hinterland in time, which was simply a disaster.
The "Chronicle of History" records that "Emperor Gao fixed the world, slightly on the side, smelled the Xiongnu outside the Valley of Judai and wanted to attack it." ”
After the Battle of Jinyang, Liu Bang went north to find the main Xiongnu force for a decisive battle, and after learning that Liu Bang had crossed the Jurchen Mountains, He immediately turned his soldiers and horses to Pingcheng and stopped plundering the vicinity of Daigu.
This is closely related to the geographical traffic between the two places, north of Dai County there are Yin Shan Yuma and Dama Mountains, these two east-west mountain ranges cause the mountains to block geographical traffic is very convenient; and Pingcheng is located in the valley road, in the Mongolian Plateau and Yanmen County and other places of the north-south communication arteries, successive generations of northern nomads into the Central Plains through this place; Mao Dundan withdrew his army to Pingcheng, that is, he saw the traffic advantage, occupied the traffic artery in advance, and once the winter military war was unfavorable, he could use the transportation advantage to quickly withdraw to the Mongolian plateau. This is the traditional strategy of the Xiongnu: "Advance when it is advantageous, retreat when it is unfavorable, and leave without shame." That is to say, the policy of fighting if you can fight and running if you can't fight is also a military strategy of going it alone.
Again, force the Han Dynasty to pay tribute, send the princess and relatives
Since Liu Bang took Liu Jing's advice and sent the princess to the Xiongnu Shan Yu and kissed, it has become customized and observed by many emperors of the Han Dynasty, and every time a new emperor ascends the throne, the Han Dynasty will send the princess to the Xiongnu and kiss once; in the same way, every time the Xiongnu have a new single in place, the Han Dynasty will also send the princess and kiss once; but there is a situation that both sides know, that is, the princesses sent by the Han Dynasty are all clan women, none of them are real princesses, and the Xiongnu did not show much objection after receiving the princess, nor did they feel strange.
In fact, after Bai Deng's siege was lifted, Liu Bang always wanted to satisfy the Xiongnu through the terms of Nagong, Guanguan City, and Heqin agreed to Liu Jing's proposal to marry princess Chang to the Xiongnu Shan Yu, but due to Lü Hou's opposition, the matter was not resolved, and finally Liu Bang chose a woman from the clan to marry Shan Yu as a wife, and in the form of harmony, he brought the year as a dowry to the Xiongnu.
After the Xiongnu received the fake princess, they did not rebuke, which is not difficult to see that Liu Bang sent the princess just to find a reason and excuse for the year, and the Xiongnu really cared about the old widow, the old feng, to the point of not being in place.
It can be seen that both Han and Hungary are using the peace and pro policy to play a big game!
References: "History", "Book of Han"