When our great leader Chairman Mao was young, he read the Complete Works of Hu Wenzhong (Hu Linyi' title Wenzhong) and greatly admired Hu Linyi's martial arts and way of being an official, so he regarded him as a model for study and changed his own character to "Runzhi" to express his admiration and reverence for him. This shows how cattle Hu Lin Wing is!
Hulin Wing
Hu Linyi (July 14, 1812 – September 30, 1861), courtesy name Zhaosheng, was a native of Yiyang, Hunan, the same age as Zuo Zongtang, one year old in Xiao Zeng Guofan and 11 years old in Li Hongzhang (born in 1823). Hu Linyi has been very good since he was a child, and the wonderful deeds of teenagers and youth are not elaborated in this article.
Hu Linyi was admitted to the Jinshi in 1836, zeng guofan was admitted in the middle of 1838, hu was two years earlier than zeng, but his career was bumpy and his official fortunes were not good, until Xianfeng's fourth year of 1854 when he defected to Zeng Guofan, Fang had just been appointed as a real lack of Daoist in Guizhou. In 1854, Hu Linyi was promoted to the position of host of Guizhou, and was sent to Hubei and Hunan to fight against the Taiping Army. Zeng Guofan was protected by his "great talent and meticulousness" and ordered him to lead an army of his own and accompany him in battle. Since then, Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi have fought side by side, Zeng Hu has not separated his family, Zeng Guofan is the first leader of the Xiang Army, and Hu Linyi is the second leader of the Xiang Army. Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang were both subordinates of Hu Linyi!
Zeng Guofan
In March 1855, Hu Linyi was promoted to hubei envoy and led a large army back to wuchang; in April, wuchang fell, and he was ordered to be the governor of Hubei, responsible for the military of the south bank, and planned a siege of Wuhan with Zeng Guofan. In December of the following year, the city of Wuchang was destroyed and he was appointed as the governor of Hubei. After that, he aided Gan, Mouwan, and Tu jiangnan and fully supported Zeng Guofan.
Hu Linyi was Zuo Zongtang's great benefactor, saved Zuo Zongtang's life, and recommended Zuo Zongtang 7 times
Hu Linyi is the same age as Zuo Zongtang, Zuo Zongtang was 20 years old, he did not pass the examination 3 times, he did not pass the examination, he was cynical, he did not take the exam, he returned to the countryside to farm and teach, and he regarded himself as a contemporary Zhuge Liang. In 1852, Zuo Zongtang, who was already a confused year, ushered in the opportunity to change his destiny. At this time, the Taiping army besieged Changsha, and the provincial capital was in danger, and Zuo Zongtang, on the recommendation of Guo Songtao, Hu Linyi, and others, served as an aide to Zhang Liangji, the governor of Hunan, and officially became an official. Zuo Zongtang was a military man, in order to relieve the siege of Hunan, Zuo Zongtang first stabilized the people's hearts, and then dispatched troops to strictly deploy and hold Changsha, and the Taiping Army besieged Changsha for three months and withdrew to the north. Later, Luo Bingzhang was transferred to the governor of Hunan, Hu Linyi and others vigorously recommended, luo Bingzhang was even more obedient to Zuo Zongtang, and became a hand-waving treasurer. Zuo Zongtang himself has a proud personality, is fierce and straight, and looks down on mediocre talents. Fan Xie was an official of the Lingling Commandery Zheng Erpin, and when Fan Xie came to visit, he refused to pay tribute to Zuo Zongtang (legal, Zuo Zongtang was a master), and the two were unhappy, Zuo Zongtang even scolded Fan Xie, and then Fan Xie was impeached by Luo Bingzhang for the incident, Fan Xie reported Zuo Zongtang to the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan, Fan Xie's relative Manchu Guan Wen was the governor of Huguang to participate in the case, XianFeng was furious and wanted to kill Zuo Zongtang, and Zuo Zongtang's life was in danger. Hu Linyi tried his best to save him, first asking Guan Wen's men to be merciful, but Guan Wen refused. In desperation, Hu Linyi asked Hubu Shangshu Sushun to help. With the full help of Hu Linyi, Zeng Guofan, Guo Songtao and others, Zuo Zongtang eventually survived and was forced to leave Luo Bingzhang's shogunate. Under the persuasion and recommendation of his friend Hu Linyi, Zuo Zongtang entered the camp of Zeng Guofan. Hu Linyi once recommended Zuo Zongtang 7 times, and Zuo Zongtang was a great benefactor when Hu Linyi was a great benefactor.
Tso
Hu Linyi partnered with Zeng Guofan, whose ability was no less than Zeng Guofan's, and he died young
Hu Linyi was an all-rounder in literature and martial arts, and he was very strong in leading troops to fight, and he was also a strategist, and Zeng Guofan personally led the troops to fight. In 1858, when Zeng Guofan returned to his hometown as his father, Hu Linyi commanded the Xiang Army, ordering Li Xubin to lead more than 9,000 people to the east to Jiujiang, and Du Xing'a, Yang Zaifu, Bao Chao and 6,000 others tuned the north bank of Xiaochikou, and finally conquered the strategic Jiujiang. Soon, Zeng Guofan returned, Hu Linyi's mother died, Hu Linyi left Hubei to return home to Dingyou, Zeng Guofan was very worried, he wrote to Zeng Guoquan, the ninth brother of the Ji'an front, he said: "Tens of thousands of people on land and water are fighting for Hu Gong to survive, and once they lose their dependence, the relationship is very important. "Because Hu Linyi left Hubei, the governor of Huguang, Guan Wen, only served Hu Linyi, and Guan Wen could not save himself, resulting in the complete destruction of the Xiang army's general Li Xubin's Sanhe Town Campaign, and the Xiang army suffered heavy losses. Hu Linyi heard this, vomiting blood and unable to get up, for a long time. Suddenly, he was urgently transferred by the Qing court and Zeng Guofan to Hubei to participate in the war, and arrived in Wuchang, and then transferred to Huangzhou.
After Hu Linyi returned, in today's parlance, he was a "golden partner" with Zeng Guofan. Hu Linyi and Zeng Guofan planned to attack Anqing, a military strategic place in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and adopted the tactic of "encircling points to fight for assistance" and steadily advancing, and finally conquered Anqing. After the capture of Anqing, down the Yangtze River, the Taiping Army had no danger to defend, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom had little room for strategy, and it was only a matter of time before Zeng Hu conquered Tianjing (that is, Nanjing), the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and destroyed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
However, shortly after the capture of Anqing, on September 30, 1861, Hu Linyi fell ill and died (the cause of death is said to be to see foreign ships traveling across the river as fast as the wind, that is, vomiting blood in anger) Wuchang, at the age of 49, really jealous of the talent, died young! At that time, public opinion generally believed that if Hu Linyi lived for more than 10 years, his achievements should not be under Zeng Guofan. Hu Linyi as the second in command of the Xiang Army, Zeng Guofan is the first in command, Zeng Hu does not divide the family, Zeng Guofan sings blackface, Hu Linyi sings red face, achieving the Xiang Army, maintaining and continuing the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and also creating a situation in which the Han warlords divide the territory.
Hu Linyi excels in the first place: to be a public relations person and govern Hubei
The most impressive thing about Hu Linyi is his "working method". In 1855, Hu Linyi was promoted to governor of Hubei, and the first problem he faced after taking office was how to deal with the relationship with Guan Wen, the governor of Huguang. Guanwen was a key figure in the Manchu government's surveillance of the Xiang army. There are two kinds of contradictions between Hu and Guan: one is the difference between Manchu and Han, and the other is the contradiction between supervision and care. The governor and the governor lived together in the same city, did not buy each other's bills, and fought openly and secretly, which was a chronic disease of local politics in the Qing Dynasty. In terms of official titles, the governor is superior to the inspector; in terms of authority, the two are similar, and the governor does not have the power to restrain the governor. At that time, most of the supervisors and caresses were intriguing, looking at each other, and restraining each other, either you joined me or I sued you, which greatly affected the efficiency of work.
Hu Linyi tried his best to win over the official text. Hu Linyi asked his mother to recognize Guan Wen's favored concubine as a dry daughter, and every year he gave three thousand gold of salt to Guan Wen to squander; all good deeds, he would push Guan Wen to the head, and count the official Wen as the first merit. Therefore, Guan Wen basically obeyed Hu Linyi's words and let Hu do a big job in Hubei, which greatly reduced the resistance for the rise of the Xiang Army. Some scholars believe that the relationship between Hu Linyi and Guanwen is a microcosm of the relationship between the Xiangjun clique and the Qing court. When Guan Wen became the treasurer, Hu Linyi let go of his hands and feet and worked hard, actively straightened out the administration of officials, increased the tax revenue of the yuan, eliminated the malpractices accumulated in the field endowment, suppressed the thieves, recruited brave soldiers and trained troops, and ruled Hubei Province. In addition to being militaristic and strong in public relations for people, Hu Linyi is also very strong in economic management, and has managed Hubei's economy very well, continuously providing military salaries to the Xiang Army.
After Hu Linyi's untimely death, Zeng Guofan felt that in the past few years, Hu Linyi had sought perfection and had merits not to repay or push others, so he wrote to Hu to ask for merit. Originally, in order to supervise the Xiang army, the Qing court controlled Wuhan, which was known as the "Thoroughfare of the Nine Provinces", and sent the Manchu official Guan Wen as the governor of Huguang. In order to envelop the official documents, Hu Linyi pushed the official documents more for the meritorious deeds of zhi'e, and the reports of victory in the war were also signed by the official documents. Every time Hu Linyi commanded the Xiang army to win, it became a victory for official wen, and everything was given priority to official literature. Now, it was time for Zeng Guofan to speak. Earlier, in the xiang army's successful capture of Anqing, Zeng Guofan put the first credit for Hu Linyi, saying that "the Chu army has besieged Anqing for more than two years, and its plot began with Hu Linyi's one-man drawing decision", "Arranging the scale before and after, plotting to suppress and aid thieves, all determined by Hu Linyi." One person and one person, that is to say, only Hu Linyi is one person, and there is no official share. This time, he specially put on a "Fold of The Meritorious Achievements of Hu Linyi, Former Hubei Fuchen Hu Linyi", which listed the various merits of Hu Linyi in sorting out Hubei, taking into account the overall situation, dispatching soldiers, and planning to enter the army, and specifically pointed out that in the past seven years since Xianfeng, "Every time he encountered a good report, Hu Linyi did not play it, and Heng pushed the official wen and the main draft of the minister." Occasionally, when it is played, it is praised as the work of the generals, and it is not with it. His heart is conscientious to promote his colleagues and support loyalty. In other provinces, it is rumored that the Chu masters are harmonious, and they are as close as flesh and bones, and Yu Hulinyi's painstaking care may not be known." Zeng Guofan also said that Hubei has destroyed barren land, raised 60,000 soldiers, and the monthly fee is up to 400,000, while the merchants are not tired, and the officials are thriving, all of which are the achievements of Hu Linyi. The Qing government received the resignation and ordered the posthumous gift to the governor, and according to the governor's example, Hu Linyi was buried. Later, he gave Hu Linyi a very high nickname: Wen Zhong. This title could only be obtained by the most rewarding ministers of the imperial court. Before Hu Linyi, Lin Zexu died after Tan Wenzhong; after Hu Linyi, Li Hongzhang posthumously.
The second point of Hu Linyi's superiority is that it adjusts the relations between all parties and promotes the growth of the Xiang Army, without Hu Linyi, Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang would not have achieved as much as later
As mentioned above, Hu Linyi's mediation of the seemingly insoluble relationship between Guan Wen and Manchu Han. The following describes Hu Linyi's mediation of the contradictions between Zuo Zongtang, Li Hongzhang and Zeng Guofan.
Zuo Zongtang is talented and talented, but his personality is arrogant and arrogant, and sometimes he does not pay attention to Zeng Guofan. In 1857, the Xiang army was in a very difficult situation, Zeng Guofan wanted to force the Qing Dynasty to give real power, borrowing his father's death, "threatening" the Qing Dynasty, did not expect Xianfeng to directly agree to Zeng Guofan's return to Ding Worry, Zeng Guofan left the military camp in a negative mood, Zuo Zongtang severely criticized, Zeng Guofan was also very angry, the two once did not communicate, did not communicate, under the regulation of Hu Linyi, they were reconciled as before. Only later did Zuo Zongtang's "Chu Army", the Inspector of Zhejiang...
In April 1860, when the Qing army's Jiangnan camp collapsed, Zeng Guofan was appointed as the governor of Liangjiang, and was appointed as the minister of Qincha to supervise the military affairs of Jiangnan. Xianfeng asked Zeng Hu to send the Xiang army to support Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and asked Zeng Guofan to move to Suzhou and withdraw his troops to Anqing, but Zeng Hu did not refuse, and Zeng Guofan came to a "bitter meat plan" and moved his division to Qimen. Qimen is located at the junction of the three provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang and Gansu, and is the key to the anhui and Gansu locks. However, this place in Qimen also has fatal flaws, once it is surrounded, it is difficult to break through, let alone get in touch with the outside world. This was not only realized by the major generals of the Xiang Army, but Zeng Guofan naturally knew it. Zeng Guofan's "bitter meat plan" was to show the imperial court that he personally led his troops to Huizhou in order to march into Jiangsu and Zhejiang, so that he could successfully conquer Anqing without withdrawing his troops. Of course, Li Hongzhang also knew in his heart that Li Hongzhang was afraid of death, so he took advantage of Zeng Guofan's impeachment of Li Yuandu, who had defeated the soldiers, to vigorously dissuade Zeng and threaten Zeng, Li Hongzhang was actually not angry but afraid of death to leave the shogunate of Zeng Guofan, Hu Linyi was well aware of Li Hongzhang's ability, and advised Li Hongzhang: You will definitely develop in the future, but you must rely on Zeng Gong to achieve things. He also spoke to Zeng Guofan, saying that Li Hongzhang's talents were available. Zeng Guofan took the initiative to write a letter to Li Hongzhang, and Li returned to the Zeng shogunate. Later, with the help of Zeng Hu, Zeng Hu sent Li Hongzhang to form the Huai Army again to support Shanghai, so that Li Hongzhang had enough capital and became a pivotal figure. Zeng Hu also dispatched several battalions of the Xiang Army as the basis for the construction of the Huai Army, of which Cheng Xueqi, the first fierce general of the Huai Army, was transferred to Li Hongzhang by Zeng Hu this time, and after Cheng Xueqi attacked the Zhejiang Taiping Army, he was unfortunately killed in battle, and the first fierce general of the Huai Army became Liu Mingchuan. Without the regulation of Hu Linyi and the help of Hu Linyi and Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang would not be able to rule the army to fight, although he was very good at being an official, and personally felt that Li Hongzhang could not have such a big influence behind him.
Li
During his tenure as governor of Hubei, Hu Linyi managed a long-term turbulent Hubei province in an orderly manner, which was extremely bad for the people's livelihood, which fully demonstrated his political and administrative ability. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were officials in Hubei who had achievements, first There were Hu Linyi, then There was Zhang Zhidong, and others could not be said to be able to look back.
Zhang Zhidong
After the deaths of Hu Linyi and Zeng Guofan, the Xiang army had no real commander, and only Zeng Hu and Zeng Hu in each department of the Xiang army could convince the people with virtue and prestige. The national hero Zuo Zongtang later became the leader of the Xiang Army, but was unable to mobilize Peng Yulin's Xiang Army Marine Division and Zeng Guoquan's Xiang Army. Li Hongzhang belonged to the Huai Army faction and later "fought" with the Xiang Army.
[Really jealous of the talent, if Hu Linyi did not die young, maybe China's late Qing dynasty history will be rewritten, what do you think of this, welcome to leave a message in the comment area, thank you!! 】