On November 19, 1935, a female soldier of the Red Army embarked on the Long March with a child who had been born less than twenty days old. Along the way, although the female warrior who had just given birth to a child was weak, she never fell behind because of lack of food and poor environment. She took her young children all the way and walked hard through the Long March.
So who is this female warrior? What is the reason for a mother to embark on the long march with her child who is not yet a month old?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > jianxian first entered the Red Army</h1>
This female soldier of the Red Army with a child was Jian Xianren, the fourth wife of He Long.
Born on April 5, 1909, Jian Xianren was a native of Cili County, Hunan Province. His family was relatively wealthy, and he was clever and clever since childhood, and loved to read.
During the great revolution period of kuomintang-communist cooperation, many students were full of enthusiasm and wanted to devote themselves to the revolutionary cause. Jian Xianren and her classmates were no exception, and they were very active in participating in revolutionary activities on weekdays.
On May 20, 1927, the day before the Ma Ri Incident. At 9 p.m. that night, Jian Xianren and his classmates were studying at the school when they suddenly heard gunshots coming from outside the school.
None of the students knew what had happened, and after a while someone came running up and said that the Kuomintang had attacked two Communist schools, the Workers' Movement Training Center and the Peasant Movement Training Center.
When she heard the news, she was very nervous, because her younger brother Jian Xian was studying at the workshop of the workers' movement. Jian Xianren had been anxiously waiting for the news of her brother in the school, until before dawn, Jian Xianwei appeared at Jian Xianren's school, and she was relieved.
After seeing his brother, Jian Xianren hurriedly asked him to rest. However, just as Jian Xian was just preparing to rest, the party organization sent news that Jian Xian had been appointed as a liaison officer. However, soon after he became an intelligence officer, he was reported by traitors, and he had no choice but to evacuate and temporarily go home for refuge.
When the Kuomintang was comprehensively searching the Communist Party and its supporters, Jian Xianren quietly left Changsha. Head to a bustling area in the Upper Reaches of the LiShui River, where you can do underground activities while doing apprenticeships in a factory.
One day a gay man at another factory was identified as an underground member of the Communist Party, and her former boss discovered her political stance through her letters. When she found out, her boss asked her to write a review, saying that she had just gone astray or sent her home.
Jian Xianren resolutely did not write, thinking that he was not wrong. So her boss gave her a day to think about it, either to write a confession or to leave. So she told another underground party member about her conversation with her boss, told her to be careful, and then quietly left while everyone was eating.
Subsequently, he went to the nearby Shimen County and got in touch with the party organization. With the help of other party members, Jian Xianren became a teacher at a school.
His former friend is also in Shimen and has been causing trouble for the local landlord bullies. But because they were out of town and had no place to live and no job in Shimen, they let them live in their own homes as cover.
Take the lead
After one of Shimen's bullies was killed, Jian Xianren's family was found to have taken in the Communists. Before the Kuomintang came to capture them, Jian Xianren could only retreat with the others to his relatives' homes in the mountains.
At this time, Jian Xianren was already on the Kuomintang's wanted list, and in order to facilitate the movement, she dressed herself as a peasant and wore long braids. In 1929, Jian Xianren left his relatives' house in the mountains, because Jian Xianren heard that He Long had organized a new Red Army team, so she chose to join in, so Jian Xianren became the first female soldier in He Long's team and the only one for a long time.
After arriving in He Long's team, Jian Xianren met his younger brother Jian Xianwei. It turned out that not long after he returned home, he left home to join He Long's Xiangxi Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="187" > Jianxianren and He Long changed from teacher and student to husband and wife</h1>
After joining He Long's team, the party organization arranged for her to teach illiterate soldiers because she had done propaganda work and had cultural knowledge. After the Red Fourth Army established a training team, Jian Xianren was arranged to become a full-time instructor of the training team. This training team mainly studied political and military courses, but also taught reading and writing.
At the opening ceremony, after Commander He Long and Dong Lang, the captain of the training team, finished speaking, the emcee who presided over the ceremony suddenly said in a loud voice: "Please, our instructor will say two words to us." Then he took the lead in clapping, and the soldiers in the audience also followed the enthusiastic applause.
Jian Xianren did not expect to suddenly call her, and suddenly felt a little shy and nervous, hesitating whether to go up or not. But the applause grew louder, and even some of the fighters laughed. He could only summon up the courage to go to the podium and say, "Hello comrades, I am a new recruit. I didn't have much to say, and I just wanted to get to know each other and facilitate my future work. ”
When He Long heard this, he felt that it was very interesting to take up his post, and once again came to the stage and said, "Comrades, although the instructor is a recruit. But she was already a female cadre who had been fighting for the revolution for several years, and she had been in the revolution longer than I had. Whether it is your captains or instructors, they are excellent Instructors of the Red Army, and you must respect them, obey them, and strive to complete the task. ”
He Long
He Long's words made Jian Xianren very grateful, because she knew that He Long said these words because she was afraid that these veterans would think that she was young and unwilling to listen to her.
After becoming a training team instructor for a while, He Long suddenly found Jian Xianren and said, "Instructor Jian, I want to learn from you, and I can only tell me alone during class, please accept me as a student." ”
Jian Xianren felt that He Long thought that he was not highly educated and was afraid of losing face in front of his subordinates, so he wanted to teach him alone. Thinking about He Long's previous help to himself at the opening ceremony, Jian Xianren happily agreed.
In the first lesson for He Long, Jian Xianren let He Long read an article. Jian Xianren estimated that He Long knew about five hundred words, so she set a learning task for He Long to learn fifteen words every day. He Long himself is smart and very serious about learning, so he is improving very quickly.
Jian Xianren watched He Long study very seriously, and often taught him some new things. The teachers and students got along happily and soon became friends.
However, between the two of them, there was a very unexpected, and even surprising, thing that happened to Jian Xianren. He Long actually proposed to her.
It happened in the hot summer, one night When He Long was chilling outside the house, He Long suddenly found someone to propose to him. He said that although he had been married, he had never felt in love, and he thought she was very interesting when he first met jian xianren, and after studying with jian xianren every day, he found himself gradually falling in love with her.
But Jian Xianren never had any thoughts about this, and she only had respect for He Long, and no other feelings. So Jian Xianren said to the people who said relatives: "The gap between us is relatively large, he is a general of the Red Army, I am just a small teacher, marriage is about the right door, the two of us are not suitable." And he's already married three times, and I don't want to marry him. ”
After the person who said that he had returned, he told He Long what He Xianren had said. Even in the next few days, Jian Xianren did not come to give He Long a separate lecture, but only found someone to give He Long the new words he had to learn every day. He Long also took advantage of these days to think about it, and finally decided to propose to Jian Xianren again.
One day, He Long took advantage of the fact that he had left class and proposed marriage in person again. Unfortunately, Jian Xianren still rejected He Long with the words he said to the matchmaker.
But He Long just identified jian xianren, in the face of love, the identity gap counted something.
Therefore, at a meeting of the Former Enemies Committee, after He Long and the leaders of various parties had finished talking about important matters, they once again openly proposed marriage to Jian Xianren at the meeting. In the process, he also asked everyone to help him do ideological work for Jian Xianren. This marriage proposal He Long was particularly formal and serious, and he almost told everyone in the army that He Long really wanted to marry Jian Xianren.
Only twenty years old, Jian Xianren could withstand such a battle, so he agreed to marry He Long.
In September 1929, Jian Xianren married He Long, and on the day of the wedding, because the Red Fourth Army was still surrounded by enemies, everything was simple, but at that time, the soldiers toasted the couple with tea instead of wine.
Jian Xianren, He Long
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="188" > difficult to find the Red Army</h1>
Soon after his marriage, he was transferred to the Committee of Former Enemies of the Red Fourth Army as a secretary and chief of the clerical section. In the summer of 1930, He Long left western Hunan with the main force of the Red Army and went to the Honghu area.
At this time, Jian Xianren was pregnant, and it was inconvenient to follow He Long to run east and west, so he stayed in Xiangxi to do some local work and insisted on fighting the enemy. In the period before production, Jian Xianren was tossed around not lightly. Because of the enemy's search, she held up her belly and hid in the house of He Long's relatives.
Later, seeing that it was about to give birth, in order to find a place where she could have a child safely, in August, Jian Xianren came to Guandiping, and the local regimental defense leader had a personal relationship with He Long, and he helped Jian Xianren to temporarily hide and let her wait for production with peace of mind.
After surviving the pregnancy, Jian Xianren gave birth to a daughter safely, named Honghong. However, because of the betrayal of the traitors, the regimental defense bureau in nearby Cili County issued a wanted warrant for the arrest of He Long's wife, Jian Xianren. After receiving the news, Jian Xianren quietly left guandiping with his nursing child and went to Sangzhi County.
When they arrived at Sang Zhi, the mother and daughter successively followed the special committee and the county party committee organs to continue to fight against the enemy, and it was at this time that the days of the upheaval and displacement of the first person began again.
In the summer of 1932, the county party committee of Sangzhi County was scattered by the enemy, and Jian Xianren lost contact with the special committee and others.
In desperation, Jian Xianren could only take his daughter Honghong, who was less than two years old, to hide in the deep mountains and old forests, and finally Honghong, because of long-term hunger, launched a high fever and finally died in the arms of Jian Xianren.
After the death of his daughter, Jian Xianren disguised himself as a displaced refugee and quietly blended into Cili County to return home. After returning home, Jian Xianren told her father about her experience, and his father not only did not blame her, but also supported her.
Seeing her daughter who finally returned home after suffering hardships, she still kept inquiring about the news of the Red Army. Without saying a word, her father helped her to find out the news of the Red Army.
In September, they finally learned that the Red Army might be attacking Shashi. So Jian Xianren's father arranged for her uncle to put Jian Xianren on the cargo ship and send her to Shashi. Who knew that after arriving in Shashi, he learned that He Long had left.
The young girl died early, could not find the figure of her husband, one after another blows, so that Jian Xianren could no longer support it, and he fell ill on the same day, and the uncle of Jian Xianren was afraid of exposure, so he hurriedly sold out the goods on the ship in two or three days, and then returned to his hometown with Jian Xianren.
After arriving at her hometown, Jian Xianren's father was afraid that she would be exposed, so he asked her eldest sister to accompany her to temporarily hide in a small town. Subsequently, Jian Xianren opened a grocery store in the town as a cover, so that she could inquire about He Long's news.
In the winter of 1932, He Long led a large army back to western Hunan and captured Hefeng County on December 30, and Sangzhi County two weeks later. When He Long returned to Xiangxi, Huang Qichang, the cousin of jian's mother, was transporting cloth there. Just happened to see He Long, he hurriedly told him about the difficult search for He Long during the past six months, and He Long was very touched after hearing it.
At that time, it was a severe winter, and the warriors were still wearing single clothes, and their hands and feet were cracked, so Huang Qichang gave the cloth to He Long in the name of His father, and He Long thanked him continuously.
After receiving the news from his family, Jian Xianren immediately left the place and went to Xiangxi. However, the situation was turbulent, the Red Army could not wait for a long time in one place, and the position was always uncertain. Jian Xianren could only look for it again and again, but he could not find it all the time, and in desperation, he could only hide it again.
It was not until October 1934, when the Red Second Army and the Sixth Army were merged, and the troops, under the leadership of He Long, Ren Bishi and Wang Zhen, opened up the E, Sichuan, Xiang, and Qian base areas, at which time Jian Xianren was able to reunite with He Long. The three-year search for the Red Army made Jian Xianren physically and mentally exhausted, and he vowed never to leave the Red Army again.
In December 1934, Jian Xianren's younger sister Jian Xianfo and younger brother Jian Xianchao joined He Long's Red Second Army. In 1935, under the guidance of He Long and Ren Bishi, Jian Xianfo married Xiao Ke, the leader of the Red Sixth Army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="189" > take young girls on the Long March</h1>
On November 1, 1935, Jian Xianren gave birth to a daughter in Sangzhi County, but at that time He Long was commanding the battle in the front. Wang Zhen, who remained behind, felt that the child was born and had to send a telegram to He Long, so he sent a telegram to inform He Long that he had a daughter.
On that day, the battles of the Red Second Army and the Red Sixth Army had been successfully concluded, and the good news frequently reached He Long. He Long, who was already very happy, was even happier when he received the telegram that his daughter had been born. When naming his daughter, He Long saw the frequent good news and immediately decided to name his daughter He Jiesheng.
When He Long and Xiao Ke returned to Sangzhi County, the Xiang'echuanqian Provincial Committee and the Central Military Commission decided that the Red Second Army and the Red Sixth Army would begin a strategic shift. At this time, Jian Xianren was very anxious, because the child had only been born for a few days, how could such a small child withstand the hardships on the Long March?
Not only was Jian Xianren anxious, But He Long was also very anxious. Later, the two discussed and decided to put the child in He Long's relative's house.
So He Long went to Hongjiaguan and found a relative that he thought was very reliable, and the relatives agreed after listening to He Long's intentions, and said that they would give them a week's time, they would find a reliable nurse, and after a week they would go to the army to pick up the children.
But a week later, there was no shadow for a long time, and when He Long went to look for them, it was already a person who went to the empty building and did not know where to go. When it came time for the Red Army to leave, Jian Xianren was reluctant to leave the Red Army because of his children, but he could not give his daughter, who was not yet a month old, to a stranger.
So she made a difficult decision to take her children with her on the Long March of the Red Army. After hearing her decision, He Long thought about it seriously and agreed.
He Long, Jian Xianren and their daughter
On November 19, the Red Second Army and the Red Sixth Army began the Long March, and He Jiesheng had just completed 18 days. When he set out again, he wrapped Jie Sheng in a cloth. In this way, he took Xiao Jiesheng and followed the large army for 120 miles to reach the edge of the water.
By the time they reached the river, the main force had already crossed the river, and the rest were all disabled and sick people. These people were sent to the opposite side by several small boats, but because of the large number of people, they could not be transported at one time, and they spontaneously stayed until the end. As soon as the ship arrived in the center of the river, the enemy's planes began to strafe the river. The boat was small, and even if the bomb didn't hit the boat, the splash on the river was enough to overturn their boat.
When the boat began to shake violently, He Xianren hugged Jie Sheng in his arms, used his body against the boat gang, and shouted for everyone to hurry up and row the boat, and when he reached the other shore, he would be safe. In this way, everyone struggled to row the boat, and finally crossed the water safely.
When I got to the riverbank, I unwrapped the swaddle in my arms and found that Jie Sheng's body was full of feces and urine, and there was no place on his body that was dry. He hurriedly changed the child's clothes and diapers, washed them and fed them.
At this time, Jian Xianren had not rested for two days and one night, but she still washed and dried the clothes and diapers after the child fell asleep. After doing this, just after resting for a while, the sound of the trumpet of departure was heard in front of me.
When the Red Army passed through the market towns and villages, the local women were shocked to see Jian Xianren holding such a small child. Whenever this happened, Jian Xianren would step forward and tell these people: "Fellow villagers, the purpose of our Red Army's arduous struggle is to go north to resist Japan, in order to save the country and the people, and to create a stable society." ”
Whenever Jian Xianren finished speaking, the crowd listened to these words and then looked at the child in Jian Xianren's arms. They all sincerely admired and were even more convinced of the Red Army.
There were also some enthusiastic women who dragged their feet to their house and bathed the children with hot water. When these people open the swaddle, they see that the delicate skin of the child is inflamed by the feces and urine bubbles, and even some places have festered. When these people saw such children, they all bathed Jiesheng with tears in their eyes, and they even lamented the difficulty of the Red Army.
After the Red Army entered Mount Umeng, it was often necessary to pass in front of the enemy's eyes, and in order to avoid the children's crying and arousing the suspicion of the enemy troops, Jian Xianren even covered the children's bodies with their heads. Sometimes tied for too long, after opening the child's face has been held blue, often see the first heart and tears.
The weather in Mount Umong is cold, and it is often windy and rainy. Xiao Jiesheng was really too small, and he was wearing thin and small clothes when he was just born, so he couldn't bear the harsh environment of Wumeng Mountain.
So Jian Xianren removed his quilt, pulled out the cotton wool inside, and made a cotton robe for Jiesheng, but Jiesheng was still sick. Jie Sheng had a high fever, lying in the back basket without crying or making trouble, nor did he open his eyes, only weak breathing proved that she was still alive.
She thought of her eldest daughter Honghong, who also had such a high fever and no medicine, and died in her arms silently.
The thought of these trekking was very painful, and she hurriedly found a military doctor.
However, there was a shortage of medicine on the march, and the doctor could only tell Jian Xianren: "Now there is no medicine, you can only try to use egg whites, plus heart soil, and together, apply it to the child's navel to try, see if you can reduce the fever." ”
Hearing this, Jian Xianren immediately asked for help, and they went to look for eggs separately, and found several to buy eggs. Fortunately, after using this soil method, Xiao Jiesheng was really good.
After the three main forces of the Red Army met and merged, Jian Xianren followed the Red Second Front to The River Lianwan of Hongdecheng in HuanXian County. Later, the mother and daughter of Jian Xianren moved from Longdong to northern Shaanxi.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="190" > divorced He Long and never married again</h1>
In 1937, Jian Xianren entered the second phase of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, and after graduation, he stayed in the school to become an instructor of the girls' team and a branch secretary.
During this period, Jian Xianren and her husband He Long had emotional problems, and Coupled with the fact that Jian Xianren suffered with his children on the Long March Road, his health has not been good since then. With the approval of the Party Central Committee and Mao Zedong, in 1938 he went to the Soviet Union for medical treatment and studied at the Party School of the Communist International in Moscow.
Group photo of His predecessors when he went to school in Moscow
In 1940, on his way back to Yan'an from Moscow, he was abducted by reactionaries in Xinjiang for nearly a year, and then rescued by the party organization, returned to Yan'an safely in 1941, and dissolved his marital relationship with He Long in 1942.
He was indifferent to fame and fortune, never made any demands on the party organization, and the party organization could do any position.
She has served as secretary of the county party committee, county magistrate, secretary of the district party committee of Harbin City, director of the secretariat office of the Wuhan Municipal People's Government, principal of the cadre school of the Ministry of Light Industry and secretary of the general branch, deputy secretary general of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
In his later years, he took a photo of his later years
On July 25, 2004, he passed away at the age of 96. Before she died, Jian Xianren made a special decision to donate all her savings to the paddock where she once fought, hoping to build a school there.
Now, the school name "Predecessor School" written by Qian Xuesen on the Mulan Paddock, on the grassland, ignites the hope of the children of the herdsmen in Kelegou Town to go to school.