31 sensitive periods for children aged 0 to 9 years old, parenting tips for parents to master (special tutor 887 issues)
Many parenting problems, in fact, are in line with a certain growth law, there is a certain law to follow, when you understand this law or causal relationship, the solution to the problem will become to respect the nature of the baby's growth.
One of Montessori's greatest contributions found that there are also sensitive periods in the development of "man."] After careful, patient, and systematic observation of the child's natural behavior, she pointed out that the child has a special ability to feel at each specific time, which prompts him to be sensitive to certain things in the environment, to concentrate and be patient with related things, and to turn a deaf ear to other things. This ability is very similar to the phenomenon of engraving, which Montessori refers to as the sensitive period.
What is the sensitive period?
Childhood sensitivity refers to the fact that children will have some strong natural behavior for a short period of time in a continuous succession. During this period, there is a great feeling of a certain knowledge or technique. The emergence of sensitive periods gives the child a strong interest in one aspect of the environment, almost obscuring other levels, and during this period the child will have a large number of conscious activities. Teach during the sensitive period, do more with less, and quickly improve the development of children's minds!
The sensitivity period is short, and during this particular sensitive period, only one particular knowledge or skill is interested, and then after this period it disappears, and it does not appear again in the same period with the same strong sense of interest in the same point of interest.
When the sensitive period comes, there must be corresponding activities to match or cultivate them, so that this ability can really develop. For example: painting. If the painting sensitive period comes, children like to use pencils to smear and smear, but most adults will start from a clean point of view, do not let them scribble, stop them. But after this period, there is no interest in letting him paint.
During certain time frames of the child's development, he will concentrate only on one trait in the environment and refuse to accept things of other characteristics; he will also develop a strong interest in a certain behavior without a specific reason, and repeat it tirelessly until a new motivation suddenly erupts.
Below, we will take a closer look at the main sensitive periods in the child's growth process. (Solemn reminder: each child's development status is different, and the sensitive period time will vary, but if the family environment is more relaxed, children without depression or special experience will usually be within this age stage.) ）
1. Sensitive period of light sensitivity 0-3 months
Features: Newborn babies are very sensitive to light, then the baby needs to adapt to the difference in light during the day and night, so open the curtains during the day, turn off the lights at night to sleep, so that the baby can adapt to natural light changes.
Suggestion: You can show your baby more black and white pictures.
2. Sensitive period of taste development 4-7 months
Features: The baby's own mouth can feel sweet, salty, sour and other tastes.
Recommendation: At the beginning of adding complementary foods, be sure to pay attention to the lightness of the diet and protect the sensitivity of the baby's taste. Complementary foods should be added from the paste, slowly approaching adult food.
3. Sensitive period of the oral cavity 4-12 months
Features: At this time, the baby likes to eat hands, he is using his mouth to try, feel, and even some abstract concepts.
Recommendation: Please give the baby a chance to develop his mouth, let the baby eat enough, and do not ruthlessly take the baby's hand away from his mouth.
4. Sensitive period of arm development 6-12 months
Features: At this time, children like to throw things, and the earliest standard of hand-eye coordination development at this time.
Suggestion: Please ask the caregiver not to control the baby's behavior, and let him throw it under the premise of ensuring safety and not causing major damage.
5. Sensitive period of large muscle development 1 to 2 years old Small muscle 1.5 to 3 years old
Features: Like to support, stand, hard to walk.
Suggestion: Two-year-old children can already walk, is a lively and active period, at this time give him enough space, under the premise of ensuring safety, let him be familiar with more body movements, and do a lot of game exercises with him, so that various muscles are trained, enhance parent-child relationship, and can also make the left and right brains develop in balance. During the movement sensitive period, the training of fine movements not only helps to develop good motor habits, but also increases intelligence.
6. Sensitive period of interest in subtle things 1.5 to 4 years old
Features: Busy adults often ignore the tiny things in their surroundings, but children can often capture the mysteries. He often makes small gestures that we don't understand, such as picking up a fallen leaf and constantly inserting it into the flower pot, or fiddling with the flower handkerchief how to see it without bothering, but they can see more mysteries from it that we don't understand.
Suggestion: This period is a good time for us to cultivate children to learn to observe things in detail, and to understand the world with questions and ideas.
7. Language sensitivity period 1.5 years old - 2.5 years old
Features: The enlightenment of language is always accompanied by infants and young children, even the fetal period. Speaking to the fetus, the baby's babbling and learning language begins to be language sensitive.
Advice: Nature gives children this ability, from watching mom and dad talk to the mouth shape of the mouth to suddenly speaking, this process is the power accumulated during the sensitive period of language. Some children talk late, if it is not a disease, then it may be the influence of the environment, whether he will speak or not, we must continue to inject him with "nutrients", talk to him more, listen to stories, when he needs to express his feelings, he will naturally speak. Similarly, good language education will enhance children's expression skills and learn to interact with people.
8. The sensitive period of self-awareness is 1 year and 6 months to 3 years old
Features: Distinguish between mine and yours, and the boundaries between me and you. Main manifestations: from saying "mine" to saying "no" to starting to hit people, biting people, and then imitating others, gradually children have self-awareness, the most common phenomenon of children at this time is to divide me, in order to clear you, while by saying "no" to use the feeling of self-will, I said that it is the most important, if something that does not meet his mind will cry, the children's performance is completely self-centered, the age of appearance is 2-3 years old.
Suggestion: When the child hits and bites, we only need to stop the child's behavior, for the child, "hit S you" is just the meaning of exclusion, do not condemn, do not preach, because that is different from rude behavior, let's let the child use his ego without violating the rules. (Special reminder: don't compete with the child, this is a child's process of forming himself.)
Self-awareness is the most important sensitive period of all sensitive periods, because what kind of person we want to become in the future, whether we are strong in the future, and whether we have a strong ability, first of all, comes from the sensitive period of self-awareness formation. Therefore, protecting this sensitive period of self-consciousness formation is equivalent to ensuring the strength of the child's future personality, the harmony of personality, and the ability to stand on the society in the future.
9. Sensitive period of social norms 2 and a half years old to 4 years old
Features: Beginning to like to make friends, like to participate in group activities, which indicates that the child has entered the sensitive period of social norms. The parenting of the sensitive period of social norms helps children learn to abide by social rules, living norms, and daily etiquette, seize the opportunity to cultivate, and is conducive to abiding by social norms in the future, having a self-disciplined life, and easily interacting with others.
Tip: Reach out to more children. Generally, parents of 2 and a half-year-old children can prepare to enter the kindergarten, and the kindergarten can provide a good dating environment.
10. Sensitive period of space 3-4 years old
Features: Like high, three-dimensional, drill box and so on
Suggestion: You can provide more similar toys, and at the same time you can learn various geometric shapes at this opportunity, laying the foundation for interest in learning geometry in the future.
11. Color sensitive period 3-4 years old
Features: Begin to feel and recognize color, and begin to constantly look for different colors in life. The development of human cognition begins precisely with sensory training.
Suggestion: Provide children with colorful pigments and related books to lay the foundation for future interest in painting.
12. Sensitive period of logical thinking 3-4 years old
Features: Constantly asking "Why?" "Why is it getting dark?" "Why is it raining?" "Why do children go to kindergarten?" Wait a minute. These questions always make parents feel overwhelmed, but children do not hesitate to break the sand pot and ask the end. When we answer the questions to the child again and again, the child begins to think logically. It is through such a question and answer that the child develops the ability to think while understanding the objective world.
Suggestion: Protect the child's precious curiosity, if the parents can not answer the question, you can learn with the child, then it is very important to have a set of encyclopedias at home, because the speed of cognition is twice as effective.
13. Cut, paste, paint and so on hands-on sensitive period of 3-4 years old
Features: The child begins to use tools consciously from this point on, which is the best opportunity for most children to build focused character. Whether in the classroom or at home, as long as there is sufficient materials, children are very happy to choose to cut, paste, paint and so on. From the point of view of physical development, this is also an important task for children to train small hand muscles and hand-eye coordination.
Recommendation: What parents should do is to provide their children with the materials they need and not to disturb the children who are concentrating on their work.
14. Sensitive period of possession 3-4 years old
Characteristics: Begin to feel strongly the joy of possessing and dominating what you belong to. Only when the child has complete possession of matter and can dispose of it freely can he explore the spirit behind matter, and can he go beyond the possession of matter. And when the ownership of these items belongs entirely to the child himself, the exchange begins. At the same time, it also opens the prelude to interpersonal relationships.
Tip: Give your child a separate space, such as a room or area that belongs to the child. When you enter his room or area, be sure to ask your child's consent and respect your child's space.
15. Sensitive period of stubbornness 3-4 years old
Like the sensitive period of self-awareness, this sensitive period is more challenging for parents!
Features: Children aged 3 to 4 enter a sensitive period of stubbornness, and some children enter this sensitive period in advance at the age of 3. It is manifested that everything must be done according to his thoughts and intentions, otherwise the mood will change drastically, throwing tantrums, crying, and making trouble. At this time, parents and teachers should give their children enough patience and care, and also learn some soothing skills.
Sensitive periods of stubbornness in children may stem from a sense of order. In constructing the special quality of order, the excessive needs of children are often considered "willful" and "foolish", but we feel that it is more accurate to use the concept of "stubbornness". Children are often difficult to adapt during this period, sometimes to the point of incomprehensibility. We do not know the real reason for it, but we do know that the mental activity of the child must be orderly, and when he does not transcend this order, it is strictly enforced.
Recommendation: To solve the problem of children's stubbornness, one is to understand, the other is to be flexible, and the third is to succeed.
Understanding isn't particularly hard, but flexibility requires wisdom and skill. Only by being flexible can we successfully solve problems and have the happiness that comes with it. How to master the skills of flexibility is a topic we have been studying.
It should be noted that the child's requirements for order do not reach the level of stubbornness at first, at first he will be uneasy and crying, and as the self gradually forms, he will raise this order to the level of consciousness, and then begin to become stubborn and uncompromising.
16. Sensitive period for the pursuit of perfection 3.5 years old - 4.5 years old
Features: Children need to do things perfectly, it is very painful to sprinkle a drop when serving water; there can be no spots on the apples eaten; the white bedpan of the toilet cannot have any yellow stains; clothes cannot be less buttoned and so on. Then it rises to the requirement of rules: I obey the rules you must obey, everyone must obey; banana peels must be thrown into the trash can, no trash can must be held; the red light is on, even if a car on the road, a person can not cross the road, has passed must return, retreat can not, who told you to do this!
Tip: Still respect the child! At this time, do not care whether the child must eat a whole cake can be eaten, whether it will become his wasted like, etc., the child's problem should not be expanded, at what time only for what things.
17. Sensitive period of the curse 3-5 years old
Features: "Stinky ass eggs", "Shit Baba", "Kill you", "Kick you to death", these words that sound both uncivilized and somewhat terrible, always come from the mouths of children of this age. Because the child finds that language is powerful at this time, and the words that can best express power are curses, and the more strongly the adult reacts, the more the child likes to speak.
Recommendation: Ignore, dilute! Don't care about the child's language, which is not what he really wants to express, and slowly wait for this stage to pass.
18. Inquire about the sensitive period of birth 4-5 years old
Features: Children often start asking where they came from during this period and ask over and over again. Adult answers cannot be sloppy, because this is the earliest source of children's sense of security, and one of the oldest philosophical questions of mankind: Where do I come from?
Suggestion: Parents carefully take out the encyclopedia and scientifically tell their children about the whole process of life formation.
19. Interpersonal sensitive period 4.5-6 years old
Features: Starting from one-on-one exchange of toys and food, to finding partners with the same interest and beginning to be attached to each other, from playing with many children to only interacting with one or two children, children themselves have experienced the whole process of interpersonal communication, and this communication intelligence is innate.
Suggestion: Parents can give some guidance on how to get along with each other, but it is better to teach by example than by word.
20. Marriage sensitive period 4-5 years old
Features: After the sensitive period of interpersonal relationships, the child really begins the sensitive period of marriage. In the earliest days, children will want to "marry" their father and mother. After that, they "fall in love" with their teachers or other adults. It is not until around the age of 5 that they "fall in love" with a small partner, such as sharing delicious things with only their favorite children, and often playing together, and not willing to let others interfere when conflicts arise. In short, they want to have their own space.
Recommendation: No matter how many times the child wants to get married and how many friends he likes, parents must give their children free space.
21. Aesthetic sensitivity period 5-7 years old
Features: Aesthetics is to have their own desires and aesthetic standards for their own image, especially girls have a strong interest in their own clothing and clothing.
Recommendation: Children always like to wear makeup when they reach the aesthetic sensitivity period. Of course, in the eyes of adults, these "makeup" is very outrageous, but these girls are always enthusiastic, and always walk around in front of everyone to show, until after getting your praise, they will leave with a satisfied look, turn around and show in front of other teachers. In addition to makeup, girls also like beautiful skirts and shoes, and they have to dress and dress up as they want. At this time, what the child needs is the affirmation of the adult. At this point, we don't need to make any judgments about beauty.
22. Sensitive period for identification 4-5 years old
Features: Children will give themselves one identity after another. This phenomenon is because the child begins to worship an idol and hopes that he is that idol. In kindergarten, there are often children dressed in Snow White costumes, and you have to call her Snow White before she promises you. In this process of identification, we can observe that children begin to express themselves through their idols.
Suggestion: You can play role-playing games at home, children will be very interested, maybe you will cultivate a famous entertainer!
23. Gender sensitive period 4 years old to 5 years old
Features: About 4 years old children pay the most attention to who is a boy and who is a girl. If someone goes to the bathroom, they must follow because they want to see if it's a boy or a girl.
Suggestion: Children's exploration and understanding of the body comes from observation, and adults must be objective and scientific when explaining to children, just like knowing their eyes, nose, and mouth. Of course, the encyclopedia is the best tool at this time.
24. Sensitive period of mathematical concepts 4.5-7 years old
Features: When children reach the age of 4, they always like to ask: How many are there, what time is it now, how many people are there? This is because the child has a strong interest in numbers, numbers, and numbers. But at this time, children can not fully understand the logic, they can only match the number, number, number.
Suggestion: This is the initial development of a child's mathematical intelligence, and only by mastering the Trinity can the concept of numbers be mastered. At this time, you can let the child help the family buy some daily necessities, and exercise digital ability and economic ability by spending money.
25. Sensitive period of word recognition 5-7 years old
Features: This is the child's first contact with symbols, our method is to give the child some text cards, let the child combine the action and the text seen to learn the text.
Suggestion: At this stage, the child can only macroscopically understand the text, that is, a holistic image, and cannot decompose the strokes of the word, nor can he reach the writing. Children will also be interested in certain words they are familiar with, such as finding that the words in their names appear elsewhere.
26. Sensitive period for painting and music 4-7 years old
Features: This is the intelligence that people are born with. Painting is one of the most common languages used by children, and the whole process is a natural display from the beginning of graffiti to the ability to express their feelings. And the child begins the development of hearing in the mother's belly, and the one-year-old child can twist his body with the rhythm of the music, music is the language of human beings, and the child is born with the highest level of artistic appreciation.
Recommendation: In the development of this sensitive period, as long as we can provide a high-quality environment for children, we can help children develop.
27. Extending the sensitive period of marriage 5-6 years old
Features: This sensitive period after the age of 5 is a continuation of the previous sensitive period of marriage.
Suggestion: At this time, the child's tendency to choose a partner is very obvious, and they know some simple marriage rules, such as only those who love each other can get married.
28. Sensitive period for the development of social interest 6-7 years old
Features: The development of children from 0 to 6 years old is a microcosm of a person's macro development, and at the age of 6 they begin to actively understand the basic rights of themselves and others, like to abide by and jointly establish rules, and form a sense of cooperation. For example, electing a class leader, achieving self-management, supervising who does not enter the classroom during class, who does not wash their hands before eating, which child does not follow the rules of the kindergarten... These are all things that they care about.
Suggestion: You can let your children participate in more social activities, including public welfare activities, such as: garbage collection activities, do their own handicraft charity donation activities, etc., a good time to cultivate a sense of social responsibility.
29. Sensitive period of mathematical logic 6-7 years old
Features: There is a difference between the sensitive period of mathematical logic and the sensitive period of mathematical concepts. After completing their understanding of numbers, numbers, and quantities, children become interested in the sequences of numbers, concepts, and the relationships between concepts.
Suggestion: For example, through Montessori's math teaching aids, children learn addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, which learns mathematical logic rather than simple memory.
30. Sensitive period for animals and plants, scientific experiments, and collection: 6-7 years old
Features: The child begins to enthusiastically absorb all the knowledge from the natural world. Children's interest in exploring nature is much stronger than we think, and children can always maintain the quality of studious and curious until the age of six.
Tip: Create more opportunities for your child to observe nature.
31. Culturally sensitive period (6 to 9 years old)
Features: Children's interest in cultural learning begins at the age of 3; and by the age of 6 to 9, there is a strong need to explore the mysteries of things. Therefore, the child's mind in this period is like a fertile land, ready to receive a large number of cultural seeds.
Recommendation: Parents can provide a wealth of cultural information at this time, based on local culture, and extend to the world-oriented mindset.
The above 31 sensitive periods can basically cover the main stages of children's growth.
The helpless body of a child who has gone through a sensitive period is under the command of a divine command, and his little mind is also inspired. The sensitive period is not only a critical period for children's learning, but also affects the development of their hearts and personalities. Therefore, adults should respect the behaviors and actions that nature has given to children and provide the necessary assistance so as not to miss a special opportunity that is only once in a lifetime.
Source: Preschool Cloud Teaching and Research
Image source: Photo.com
close
concentrate
I
Guys
Sina Weibo: Resen's mother
A sound story of love and life
Knowing love, it is a good child who can pass on love