Professor Zhong Zhenzhen Q&A Mailbox(67)

Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.

Professor Zhong Zhenzhen Q&A Mailbox(67)

Ma Yifushi "But pity the temple lamp rat, lonely pond moon night frog"

Lingyin and Master Zhao used to use seeing and rhyme

Horse floating

Lu Gannanquan's language is not bad, and he is allowed to move the stone to supplement the garden flowers.

Long Sect Master Shu Qianyi, who shares a family with Rulai.

The rock trees are dry after frost, and the tea is green before the rain buds.

But he pitied the temple lamp rats, and the lonely pond moon night frog.

Poet Daqing asked: Ma Yifu's "Lingyin Kai Zhao Master's Common Speech with Seeing and Rhyme" has a sentence "Lonely Pond Moon Night Frog". The term "lonely" is common in poetry, but it seems to be different from the "failure" that people are accustomed to saying. What is the difference between the two?

Zhong Zhenzhen answered: Daqing poets, your understanding of reading poetry is very high, admire!

The question you raised, I think, can be explored from two aspects.

(1) "Lonely", that is, "disappointed". These two words, which are basically universal in ancient texts, can be written as "lonely" or "disappointed", and there is no difference in semantics. Nowadays, when people write vernacular texts, they generally use "to live up" and not to use "lonely burdens". However, when writing ancient texts and poems, some people will also use "lonely negative", which is different from the vernacular text and looks more antique.

Today we say "fail", mainly to say sorry for the expectations, teachings, favors, help, etc. of others; if the tone is aggravated, it can also mean "violation". These meanings, the ancients called "lonely" and "disappointed", also have. Ancient texts are not to be said, and as far as ancient poetry is concerned, it is no exception.

For example, Tang Fangyu's poem "Reading the Book of Filial Piety" says: "For the subjects to be disloyal to the son, he has failed to live up to the Xuanni Sutra." That is to say, to live up to the teachings of Confucius.

Song Chen Liang's "He Groom and Liu Yuanshi Tang and Zheng Accompany Ye Cheng Xiang Drinking" said: "Everyone green field accompanies Rong Rong and. Count idle, pass the kaoru wind, and return the business. Hand to play the soft strip of people healthy or not, still remember the elegant fun at that time. Grace is not repaid, fear of failure. "That is to say, Ye Cheng Xiang is afraid of failing the emperor's grace."

Ming Chen Chang's "Two Dying Poems To Bid Farewell to Comrades" the second is: "I have people with the same heart, moral friends and teachers." With the frequent years of mourning, the survivors are parted. Now that I am going to be a guest, there is no other reason to want to do so. Husbands will have aspirations, but they will be selfish for their children. Hate in the days of the world, lonely and disciplined. That is, self-effacing and living up to the admonitions and exhortations of friends.

The "sameness" of ancient and modern times, the "sameness" of vernacular and poetry, is not the focus of our discussion, so we will not say more until the point is reached. The focus is on the second area below.

(ii) If we want to say that the use of "loneliness" or "failure" in poetry is "different" from what we call "loneliness" today, then the key is not "semantics", but "context".

Since poetry is a work of literature, its "context" is much richer. Correspondingly, the "loneliness" or "failure" in the poem follows many objects that are not "people" or "people" as the definite structure, but "things" and "physical worlds". That is, taking "loneliness" as an example, the evidence is as follows:

Tang Li's poem "SendIng Jolene" says: "The grass is green and the plains are small, and the flowers bloom on the waterfront." The present emperor is not happy, and he is lonely and bears the emperor's hometown spring. ”

Yang Ling's poem "Farewell to the North" says: "Every day the mountains and rivers are frequently burned, and the mountains and rivers resume old smoke and dust." All his life, he was lonely with the Longquan Sword, and he was ashamed to ask the deceased about the poetry book. ”

Bai Juyi's poem "You Wuzhen Temple Back to the Mountain To The Bottom of zhang Yinheng" said: "The world's fate cannot be cured, and the lonely qingshan heart knows it." When the sorrowful king entered the capital again, that is, when the red dust was full of eyes. ”

Li Qunyu's poem "Sending Guests to Shuyang" says: "Spring and spring sorrow grow day by day, and people are far away from home." The grassy water green does not return, and it is lonely in the Seven Mile Village of Dongxi. ”

Song Sushi's "Water Dragon Yin Yong Flute Material" said: "Since Zhonglang disappeared, after Huan Yi went, he knew how much loneliness and autumn there were." ”

Li Zhiyi's "Chao Zhongcuo" (La poor sky and the dangerous column) said: "Where is the name of the merit, the article is long, and the empty sigh flows for years." It is too late to return alone, and half a life is lonely. ”

Jin Cai Songnian's "Rui Partridge" said: "Reward spring deserves wine like a river, and the Japanese spring clothes are also self-virtuous." The lonely scenery is busy and the scenery is boundless. ”

Yuan Bai Pu's "Nian Nu Jiao Nong Shu Qiu Bo Han River Mandarin Duck Beach Gift" words: "The dew group is getting colder, and this year, the lonely Mid-Autumn Moon." ”

Ming Gu Xuan's poem "Out of Jingzhou" says: "Lonely and negative Jiangnan picking vegetable meeting, hanging a bow edge outside the sky." Bilai wet disease all throw wine, and the joy of the poor province of The Field. ”

Qing Xu Zhuo's poem "Hezhong Gift Zeng Tingwen" says: "There are still Kuang beds divided up and down, and there was no broken house to live in the west and east." Mandarin ducks are lightly joined hands on the shore of the lake, and the lonely peach blossoms are red. ”

The above "lonely burden", with its original meaning of "sorry" to explain, can be established.

Specific to the Ma Yifu poem you gave, "But pity the temple lamp rats, lonely pond moon night frog", literally it also means that the senior monk Zhao Master is still sitting in the Buddhist temple late at night, not to the pond under the moonlight to listen to the sound of frogs, I am really sorry for such a quiet place. The extras are the specificity of the Practice of the Master, and "lonely" is not a pejorative meaning.

The "Bad Temple", which clearly states that the monastery where the Master lived fell into disrepair. "Pity" and "lamp rats", implying that the lamp is short of oil and the rats cannot be fed. The intention is to highlight Master Zhao's persistence in his faith with the hardships of the material conditions, such as understanding that the monks are compassionate and compassionate.

Editor's Note:

Welcome friends to continue to the public number behind the album, leave a message you want to ask Professor Zhong all the questions about poetry. The answers will be published in this issue.

Professor Zhong said, readers pay attention to reading is support, peach to repay Li, not to think of the newspaper, always think good also!

Author/Zhong Zhenzhen Editor/Feng Xiao

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