Archery, also known as archery. It is a competitive sport that uses the elasticity of a bow to compete in accuracy or distance over a certain distance. Do you know anything about the history of archery? The following Xiaobian will take you through history and browse this age-old archery sport.
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Archery has a very long history, dating back more than 28,000 years.
In the late Paleolithic period, the ancients bent thick branches with ropes to make bows, and made thin wooden sticks into arrows for hunting and self-defense, which is the earliest discovery of bows and arrows in China.
By the Stone Age, bows and arrows were added to stone hammers, bone hammers, and later copper hammers and iron hammers appeared.
During the Xia Dynasty, archery activities further developed.
Not only has there been a practice archery institution, the "Preamble", but also a "coach" who specializes in archery.
"Shooting" is regarded as an extremely important art in the "Six Arts" of ancient basic education, which shows that ancient China attached great importance to the development of archery.
The Western Zhou ritual system stipulates that men should start shooting at the age of 15, and continue to practice archery in different places according to different levels when they reach adulthood.
Li Guang rode a picture of a mural brick
Confucius, Xunzi and Mozi, who we are familiar with, are all archery enthusiasts, not only practicing themselves, but also encouraging students to learn to shoot.
Yuan Xiu was the last emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and he often held archery competitions.
In the "Biography of King Zun of Changshan in the Wei Dynasty", he recorded the earliest archery competition in China, the "Silver Cup Competition".
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In the Tang Dynasty, archery became increasingly prominent in the military, and Wu Zetian established a "martial arts system" for the selection and training of military martial arts talents.
Of the 9 test subjects, archery alone accounted for 5.
At this time, the folk customs were more open, and women's archery activities were once popular, and Du Fu's poem "The Head of the Mourning River" "turned over and shot the clouds to the sky, and a smile was falling on the wings", which is the image depiction of women's archery skills.
In the Song Dynasty, archery was very popular in the folk. For example, the "Bow and Arrow Society", which mainly practiced martial arts and practiced archery, there were nearly 600 in the Hebei area at that time, and there were more than 30,000 archers.
Hunting map of jiuyuangang northern dynasty in Xinzhou
In 1271, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, stipulating that the Mongols "all men over the age of 15 and under the age of 70 shall be recruited as soldiers." Archery, horseback riding, and wrestling are the three skills that Mongolian men must learn.
The Manchus claimed to have "built a country by riding and shooting", and in the 61st year of the Kangxi Dynasty, they set the "Mulan Autumn Siege" as a constant system and used Chengde as a special hunting place.
At that time, the popular entertainment shooting methods were "shooting the moon", "shooting the crane", "shooting the bundle", etc., and some archery activities at this time began to show entertainment, which belonged to the category of sports activities.
Mongol Attack Scroll
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Not only on the mainland, but also in other countries of the world archery is extremely popular.
The first archery competition was held in medieval Switzerland, and William Sturgeon was a famous archery expert at the time.
In England, from 1068 onwards, Henry I began to have a system of archery, and archery groups were formed.
England is also the birthplace of modern archery competitions, and yorkshire has held the Fonscholton Silver Arrow Tournament since 1673, and archery has evolved from military necessity to entertainment.
In the early 18th century, modern archery was introduced to the United States, and the Philadelphia Archery Federation was established in 1828.
The first All England Archery Championships were held in 1844.
In 1861, the British Archery Association was established to unify the competition regulations.
In 1900, the Second Olympic Games established an archery competition.
Initiated by the British in 1931, the International Archery Federation was organized, and the first Archery World Championships were held in the same year.
In the late 20th century, there were about 5 million shooters in the United States and Canada.
Archery is also widespread in Japan, with more than 100,000 people currently engaged in archery.
South Korea is an archery powerhouse, and for many years they have maintained a monopoly in archery competitions at the World Championships, Olympic Games, Asian Championships and asian Games.
Archers are carved by a group of gables on the east side of the Temple of Ahuaya
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Modern archery was introduced to the mainland in 1957.
Mr. Ma John, who was the president of the National Sports Federation at the time, led the Chinese youth sports delegation to participate in the Third International Youth Games held in Moscow.
There were archery competitions at the Games, and Mr. Lin Qiwu, a professor at Peking University who attended the games, visited the competition and introduced international archery competitions to China.
In April 1958, the State Sports Commission held the first international archery technology lecture in China in Beijing.
Professor Lin Qiwu comprehensively introduced the international archery sports venues, equipment, competition methods, bow and arrow characteristics, and the essentials of basic techniques.
Since then, Western Mediterranean archery has gradually developed in China, and traditional Chinese archery has gradually faded out of the archery stage.
Modern archery has been carried out in 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in the mainland.
In 1961, Shanghai athlete Zhao Suxia broke the world record for the first time, and in the following 30 years, outstanding athletes such as Zhao Suxia, Li Shulan, Xu Kaicai, Wang Xihua, and Zhang Fan emerged.
At the 23rd Olympic Games, Sichuan's Li Lingjuan won an individual silver medal with a score of 2559 rings, breaking five Olympic records and becoming the first archer from the mainland to win a medal at the Olympic Games.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, female archer Zhang Juanjuan won the individual championship, becoming the first archery Olympic champion in mainland China, breaking the myth that South Korea won the gold medal in the event.
The image comes from the Internet
Text: New Media Center
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Organizer: Hebei Provincial Sports Bureau
Producer: Guo Lijun
Editor's proofreading: He Wanxuan