The Qing Dynasty Court Office set up "Ink Works", which was specially responsible for the production of royal black ink and Zhu Ink. "Ink Works" has been produced since the establishment of the Kangxi Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, and the imperial ink produced has formed the "Inner Court Gongzuo Style", with the most characteristic ink made in the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, such as the ink named after the Inner Court Study, or the antique collection of ink, etc., with exquisite decoration and great royal taste. The ink products are all signed with the words "Royal Ink" or the production of annual models, which present the unique style of the court in terms of shape and decoration.
▌ "Qianlong" national treasure five-color ink
▌ "Jiaqing New Year" Cangbi Imperial Ink
▌ Imperial pen inscription painting poetry ink
▌ "Hu Kaiwen system" big rich and noble also Shou Kao five-color ink
▌ Inner Court Imperial Ink
Ink product named after the Inner Court Study
During the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the ink products named after the Inner Court Scholar became one of the important features of the Inner Court Imperial Ink. For example, the ink products named after "Pei Wen Zhai" are Pei Wen Zhai Tibetan Ink, Pei Wen Zhai Treasure Ink, Pei Wen Zhai Lingu Ink, Pei Wen Zhai Fa Mo; there are also ink products named after "Yuan Jian Zhai", such as Yuan Jian Zhai Ink, Yuan Jian Zhai Fa Mo, Yuan Jian Zhai Ancient Treasure Ink, Yuan Jian Zhai Selection Ancient Literature Tibetan Ink, Yuan Jian Zhai Qing Appreciation Ink, etc. These inks are all signed with the words "Royal Ink" and come in different forms. Named after the book, it is very literati and elegant. "Pei Wen Zhai" is the living quarters and study of the Kangxi Emperor in Changchun Garden, and it is also the most important place of cultural activities among the many cultural museums in the park. Adjacent to Pei Wen Zhai, the "Yuanjian Zhai" is also an important study in Changchun Garden, and is the place where the Kangxi Emperor often visited and spent his life in Han. During the Qianlong period, there were also some inks named after the Zaitang Xuan Room, such as Jingsheng Zhai Zhen fa ink, Jing Sheng Zhai zhen fa ink, Sui Chu Tang tibetan ink, imperial Chunhua Xuan ink, etc., all dynasties inherited the production and formed a stereotype. These inks named after the shoshu are very rich in culture.
Netinbogumo
In addition to the ink products named after the Inner Court Library, the Inner Court "Ink Works" also produce a large number of Bogu collection ink, and the shape of the ink product is not limited to a single ingot ink, but a set of ink and Bogu collection ink combined in various forms. For example, the various types of Bogu ink products produced in the Qianlong period include antique style, imitation Kangxi Dynasty ink style, etc., ink products named after shapes, and ink products named after ornaments, as many as dozens of kinds. For example, the Bogu ink produced by Qianlong's 40-year re-installation is composed of 40 kinds of ink styles, namely 螭 Pei, Yu Yan (zhì), QingGui, Zhaowen, National Treasure, Qixiang Tu, Fish Pei, Yanyou, Chunhua Qiushi, Xianshan Pavilion, Tianbao Jiuru, Youyu Twelve Chapters, Inner Temple Light Coal, etc., and specially made red carved lacquer dragon pattern ink boxes, refining imperial ink for the inner court. In addition to the natural black ink, these Bogu inks also produce a variety of color ink or gargle ink and gold or paint on the ink pattern, which is very royal.
▌ Local tribute
In the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the royal ink made by the above-mentioned inner court "ink work", some of them were handed over to Hangzhou Weaving, Suzhou Weaving, Jiangning Weaving and other productions according to the inner court style, or paid tribute by local governments according to annual rules, and every year local officials had regular tribute emblem ink.
In the Qing Dynasty, Huizhou was most famous for the ink making in Shexian County, Xiuning and Wuyuan, and thus formed three major ink-making factions. Among them, Wang Xigu, Cao Sugong, Wang Jinsheng, Wang Jie'an, Hu Kaiwen, Zhan Fanghuan and other generations have been making ink, and all of them have paid ink production.
The most representative mo family of the Shepai is the "Purple Jade Light" ink of Cao Sugong during the Kangxi Dynasty, which is listed as the first tribute. At present, the Palace Museum has the ink of cao Sugong's "Imperial Cultivation and Weaving Diagram Poetry" and Wang Xigu Gonggong's "Imperial Cultivation and Weaving Diagram Poetry" ink of the Kangxi Dynasty, both based on the Kangxi Imperial Poetry, which are respectively copied in the form of 47 ingots of brocade ink. Since then, all dynasties have paid tribute to the inner court with imperial cultivation and weaving ink, which has become an important form of tribute ink. For example, the descendants of Wang Jinsheng followed the ink making and integrated the Wang ink into the "Jian Gu Zhai Ink Sage". Among them, most of the Tribute Ink of the Qianlong Dynasty recorded is based on the Qianlong Imperial Poetry, and the ink mold is finely carved, and the poetry books and paintings can be copied in ink. So far, the Palace Museum in Beijing has hundreds of Wang's ink products, which has important historical value for understanding the types and characteristics of Wang's ink making.
Xiuning school ink making, mostly elegant and popular products, exquisite decoration, its ink products are mostly collection ink or appreciation ink. Representatives of the Mo family include Ye Xuanqing, Ye Yuanying, Wang Cihou, Wu Tianzhang, Hu Xingju, Wang Liwen, Hu Kaiwen, and so on. In particular, Hu Kaiwen ink, there are as many as 66 kinds of ink, such as "Yilin Zhen Appreciation Ink" and "Five Old Tu Ink", etc. all have tribute ink to the inner court.
The Wuyuan Sect Mojia also has a small amount of Gong Ink production. Wuyuan was once the main source of Hui ink tobacco materials, known as "lighting cigarettes in Wuyuan", the ink products produced are simple and unpretentious. The Palace Museum has hundreds of pieces of Ink family ink products such as Zhan Yongxin, Zhan Fanghuan, Zhan Chenggui, Zhan Congxian, Zhan Yingjia, Zhan Dayou, etc., and the signature supervision or antique legal system should be paid tribute to the inner court for their special tribute ink.
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