Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.
Professor Zhong Zhenzhen Q&A Mailbox(56)
The word "Qian" in ancient poetry
Shiyou rice vinegar asked: Hello Teacher Zhong! Reading poems often encounters the word "Qian", too many to list, a little bit, please answer questions.
1, the back is standing up to people shy, Yan is broken because of who Qian.
2, the humor can not be written, return to the dream Junjiaqian.
3, envy wants to send books, birds are difficult to Qian.
4, the madman is self-extinct, and the eyebrows are depicted.
5, more Qianyue for candles, distributed flat boats.
Zhong Zhenzhen replied: Okay. Let's explain it case by case.
For the first example, see Song Chen's "Bu Operator": "Slim and small waist, Ming Xiu's innocent face." Light painting eyebrows and small spring, there are lovesickness and resentment. 〇 back stand up to people shy, Yan Pu because of who Qian. No better than a balcony dream, see you in person. ”
The whole word is about a cabaret prostitute he met at a banquet. In the public and private banquets of the Song Dynasty, there were often song and dance performances. Lyricists often compose lyrics on the spot and leave them to singers to sing. There are also scenes, writing lyrics to praise her or their beauty and talent. Of course, there are also those who are really in love. This word from Chen Shidao belongs to this category. Is it a scene or is it really in love? That's unknown.
Song Zhang Bangji's "Mozhuang Manga" volume III: "Chao Wu Ji (晁補之, 字無咎) Who Yushan, passing through Xuzhou, when Chen Wuji (陈師道, 字無己) was abandoned in the middle. No blame for the wine, out of the Xiao Ji Lou dance "Liang Zhou" (Song Dynasty big song name). The long and short sentence cloud of "Minus Magnolia Flower" by Wu Himself: "Lou Lou Yuan, peony tip head red and small." The dancing sleeves are low back, and the heart is known to the Langbian guest. 〇金 bottle jade wine, advise me to spend ten million life before. Momo Hugh, white hair hair flowers I am ashamed of myself. "People suspect that Song Kaifu (Tang Zai Chancellor Song Jing) has an iron heart and a heart of stone, and for the "Plum Blossom Endowment", Qing Yan is not similar to him. Without self-purification, although the iron heart will not open the house, and this word is already too "plum blossom endowment". Song Zhouxuan's "Qingbo Magazine" volume 9 is slightly the same. This anecdote can be used as a reference for reading Master Chen's Taoist words.
The two sentences in this word, "The back is shy to the person, and the face is broken because of who is Qian", means that the girl was a little timid and shy at first, so she turned her back to stand and did not dare to face people; later, she smiled, and the smile was very beautiful, I don't know whose reason it was.
The word "Qian" here is an adjective, read "owe", and say "Poetry , Wei Feng Shuo Ren " : " Smile qianxi, beautiful eyes and hope." Mao's "Biography": "Qian, good mouth." "Justice" by Don Kong Yingda: "With the shape of a clever smile, it is good to know the mouth of Fuya." It is also known: "(Auxiliary) is the skin outside the teeth, and the alias under the cheek is also." He also said: "The beauty of laughter lies in the mouth, so even words are spoken." That is to say, "Qian" originally referred to the beauty when she laughed, and her mouth and chin were beautiful. The general reference is that the beauty is very beautiful when she laughs. To generalize, it is to describe the beauty of women.
For the second example, see Su Shi's "Four Paintings of Zhao Chang In The Collection of Wang Boshuo", one of which is "Plum Blossoms": "Crossing the Guanshan Mountains in the south, practicing in the sand and water." Pedestrians are gone, and the sun is shining. Attentive little plum blossoms, bearded Wu Ji noodles. Dark Incense went with me, looking back at a thousand pieces. So far, the drawing has begun, and the old eyes are miserable. You can't write, it belongs to the dream Junjiaqian. ”
Wang Bo (王伯敭), courtesy name Tinglao (廷老), was a native of Yucheng County (present-day Henan) in Ying tianfu. Born into a soldier. Successive officials Taizhu of Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Hubu Duzhi Langzhong, Liangzhe Road Transit Deputy Envoy, etc., the official finally went to San dafu and Zhiyu Prefecture (知虢州, in present-day Lingbao, Henan). During the Reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, he posthumously presented Zuo Xuanfeng as a doctor. Su Shi and Wang Tinglao met in Hangzhou between the fifth and seventh years (1072) and 7th year (1074) of Emperor Shenzong. At that time, Su Shitong sentenced Hangzhou, and Wang Tinglao served as the deputy envoy of the two Zhejiang Road transports in Hangzhou. Su Shi's younger brother Su Rui later became a son and daughter of Wang Tinglao. Su Rui's daughter-in-law married Wang Junming, the eldest son of Wang Tinglao.
Zhao Chang, a famous painter during the Northern Song Dynasty, was particularly good at painting flowers.
Su Shi's poem is inscribed with a plum blossom painted by Zhao Chang in the collection of Wang Tinglao, but the writing method is very peculiar, which is very different from ordinary inscription poems. He did not praise Zhao Chang's painting skills from the front, but spent a larger time recalling a relationship between himself and Plum Blossom.
In the first month of the third year of Shenzong Yuanfeng (1080), Su Shi encountered snow on his way to Huangzhou and saw plum blossoms, and composed two poems of seven "Plum Blossoms", one of which is: "Spring comes to the valley of the water babbling, and the plum blossom grass is among the thorns." One night the east wind blew the rock cracks, and half with the flying snow closed the mountain. The second is: "Whoever comforts the wine deeply, and opens itself to boredom and falls even more sorrowful." Fortunately, there are three hundred songs of Qingxi, which are sent to Huangzhou without resignation. Then its title Wang Ting Laozang Zhao Chang's "Plum Blossom" poem "Southbound crossing the Guanshan Mountain, sand and water clear practice." Pedestrians are gone, and the sun is shining. Attentive little plum blossoms, bearded Wu Ji noodles. Dark Xiang went with me, looking back at the thousand pieces of shock, "Clouds and clouds, what I remember is this."
Since the two sentences "So far I have opened the picture, the old eyes are miserable", the poetry has shifted to the plum blossoms painted by Zhao Chang. Seeing this picture in the open volume, I can't help but think of my past years of encountering literal prison, almost losing my life, although I was treated leniently, I still braved the snow to go to the Huangzhou Deprecation Office, this painful experience, so the old eyes were sad and tearful.
"You can't write, return to the dream junjiaqian", the last two sentences are said: the complex emotions in the depths of the heart are difficult to express, catharsis, back home, but also dream of the plum blossoms on the paintings in your home!
The word "Qian" here still reads "owe", but it is no longer a simple adjective, but a nounized adjective, or an adjective used as a noun, literally meaning "beauty". Su Shi's poem, preceded by "attentive little plum blossoms, bearded Wu Ji noodles", said that the plum blossoms on the way to Huangzhou seem to be the warm smiling faces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang girls - flowers are like beauty, which is the so-called "metaphor" of rhetoric. The word "Qian" in the last sentence directly describes the plum blossoms painted by Zhao Chang as beautiful women—this is the so-called "metaphor" of rhetoric. Whether it is a "metaphor" or a "metaphor", the metaphors are consistent. Before and after each other, the needles are very fine, which shows the author's ingenuity.
Special note: I have made a more detailed examination of the life of Wang Tinglao and the ability of Su Shi to write this poem. Each conclusion is supported by literature and carefully debated. The process of examination is more complicated, and the poets may not have the patience to read, so they are all omitted, and only the facts are presented concisely and concisely.
(To be continued)
Editor's Note:
Welcome friends to continue to the public number behind the album, leave a message you want to ask Professor Zhong all the questions about poetry. The answers will be published in this issue.
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Author/Zhong Zhenzhen Editor/Feng Xiao
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