What is true friendship? In his own illness and displacement, he was most concerned about Chen Shidao's food and clothing

Spring nostalgia shows the neighborhood

Author: Chen Shidao

The broken wall is composed of rain snails, and the old house has no monks and swallow writers.

Yu wanted to go out and laugh, but he felt that his sideburns were dusty.

……

This is the first half of a poem, who is the author? Chen Shidao. So what is this poem about? Simply put, poor. We used to read literature, or read other texts, to describe a person's home is very poor, often use an idiom to describe the "four walls of the family", poor only four walls, that is, the home is empty. That Chen Shidao described his poverty as worse than this, why? There are four walls in the family, you still have four walls, but Chen Shidao is in this poem. None of the four walls are complete, so we first saw that "breaking the wall and raining" was a broken wall, and at least one wall was collapsed, or half of it was left. So when it's windy and rainy, the rain comes in, so it should be an old house, and it's not the average old, it's old enough to be broken. So when we read this, we also admire Chen Shidao, who can describe his poverty or poverty to such an unbelievable point that he can't even do it with his family and disciples. Living in such a house, the mood will also be affected. Therefore, the following two sentences "Leftovers want to go out and laugh, but they feel dusty." ”

"Leftover desire" is that I also have a little desire to follow everyone into this spring and mingle with everyone. Enjoy this spring, but I always worry that when I go out, when I come back, my face will be full of dust. We knew at a glance that this was an excuse. Where does Master Chen live? Live in Xuzhou. Xuzhou is not such a desert area with yellow sand, does he have a sandstorm, you go out occasionally, how can the dust make your head full of faces? This is the first one.

Second, what if you're a big man who goes out and gets a little dust on his face? Come back and wash it. So we know that Chen Shidao is making excuses, he does not want to go out, because the poverty of life has made him lose his pursuit of happiness, this year Chen Shidao is forty-eight years old.

We know that for the word poverty, many people can't bear it, then of course there are people who can bear it, and if they can withstand extreme poverty, it is of course a very valuable spirit. Chen Shidao is such a person who lives in extreme poverty, but can face poverty safely. Are there any examples of me saying this? Of course there is.

Two years later, when Chen Shidao was fifty years old, the imperial court was to perform a sacrifice ceremony in the southern suburbs. Then we know that the ritual of sacrifice is the first thing it has to be in the suburbs. The second was in the middle of the night. What does this mean? This means that the time of this sacrifice will be very cold. Then Master Chen Dao's family was poor, he had no cotton clothes and no cotton clothes, and his wife was worried, so she borrowed a cotton coat for him to wear. When Chen Shidao saw the cotton clothes borrowed by his wife, he knew that there was no one in the house, so he asked her, where did you borrow this cotton clothes from? His wife did not hide from him, he said that this was borrowed from Zhao Tingzhi's family. When Chen Shidao heard that he had borrowed cotton clothes from Zhao Ting's house, I would rather freeze to death than wear them. So he resolutely refused to wear this cotton coat. What are the consequences of not wearing this cotton coat? He has a cold, a serious cold, what are the consequences of the cold? After dragging on for a while, he died.

Everyone may have some doubts, the name of Zhao Tingzhi has an impression, because he has a son who is quite famous called Zhao Mingcheng, and her daughter-in-law is named Li Qingzhao. So what is the relationship between Chen Shidao and Zhao Tingzhi? Placket. That is, Chen Shidao's wife and Zhao's straight wife, they are sisters, they are both a daughter of the Guo family. So why couldn't Chen Shidao accept Zhao Tingzhi? In fact, the reason is also very simple, Zhao Tingzhi, out of personal political development considerations, once impeached Su Shi and Huang Tingjian to the imperial court.

We talk about Chen Shidao and Huang Tingjian in this episode, and the relationship between Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao is not generally close. And Su Shina was an idol in Chen Shidao's heart. You Zhao Tingzhi impeached Su Shi and Huang Tingjian to the imperial court, then in Chen Shidao's view, this is not necessarily a political issue, it may be a problem of your character. Therefore, Chen Shidao had always been reluctant to have any such a relationship with this Zhao Ting family. You can borrow a cotton coat, you can borrow any other one, but Zhao Ting's home is not. But it was such a cold and clear Chen Shidao in front of Zhao Tingzhi, when he faced Huang Tingjian, it was a completely different look.

In the first year of Shao sheng, in 1094 AD, a counselor impeached Huang Tingjian. What is impeachment? It is said that he is majoring in the Records of the Divine Sect, which contains many things that denigrate Xi Ning's change of law, as well as some other inappropriate remarks. From this number. How much evidence was found in it? More than a thousand, then these more than a thousand prove to be many of them are sinful, and there is no excuse for it. But in fact, Huang Tingjian does not have much room for defense.

After the officials impeached him, he was demoted to Fuzhou Beichai, Fuzhou was in Fuling, and then Qianzhou was resettled, and Qianzhou was in Pengshui County. So Huang Tingjian arrived at this place, his life fell into a trough, and his life lost a lot of support, what should he do? He cultivated himself, he grew vegetables to feed himself, and he called himself an old farmer in Qianzhong. Huang Tingjian went to this place with the body of a sinner, so many people are afraid of this equivalent of a criminal. But this Chen Shidao not only did not avoid, but also during this time he had a lot of contact with Huang Tingjian, he always wrote to Huang Tingjian at the beginning, wrote it down and asked someone to take it over, and the people who brought it later were not willing to bring it, afraid that although this letter was not written by me, I brought it, and once I tracked it down, it might also cause trouble. So later writing letters was a little less.

Later, Huang Tingjian was demoted from Fuzhou to Rongzhou, which is now Yibin in Sichuan. So at this time, Chen Shidao wrote a long letter to Huang Tingjian, this long letter, I believe you will be moved after reading it. Let's take a look.

What's it like to live? Isn't it exhaustive? Why self-existent? Are there any sympathizers? Can the Lingzi be comforted? Isn't the terroir evil? Who does Pingju follow? Is there a language to be said or not? Aren't the men of the same place? Why? Also authored?

After reading this paragraph, although I have not translated it, I believe that the vast majority of the audience should be touched by this paragraph full of affectionate and caring heart.

How are you doing lately, how are you living without a source, how do you live? Does anyone care about you? Is your son satisfying you? The local customs and customs are not very bad, right? Who do you usually spend time with? Is there anyone who can talk to you? Did the local officials bully you? How do you usually spend your days? Have you written anything?

So you see Master Chen, for Zhao Tingzhi, we use eight words to evaluate it as cold as frost, refusing to go thousands of miles. But for Huang Tingjian, it was very warm and warm as spring, and this Huang Tingjian must be a very important figure in Chen Shidao's life, and their relationship must be extraordinary.

A brief introduction to Master Chen. Chen Shidao was born in 1052 and died in 1102. It is a Pengcheng native. Pengcheng, which is now Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Huang Tingjian, who was seven years older than Chen Shidao, was born in 1045, and died in 1105, he was a native of Fenning, Hongzhou, that is, Jiujiang, Jiangxi. We know that the song dynasty had one of the largest schools of poetry called the Jiangxi poetry school, so the leading figure of the Jiangxi poetry school was Huang Tingjian, a Jiangxi person.

So when did Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao first meet? There are some different views on this issue, but it is believed that they are most likely to meet in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, that is, in the year 1086 AD. This year, Chen Shidao was in The Beijing Division, living in the slightly remote Chenzhou Gate of the Beijing Division. Then Huang Tingjian also came to Beijing, so the two people met. This year, Chen Shidao was thirty-five years old, and Huang Tingjian was seven years older than him, that is, forty-two years old.

When they met, the two people were already well-known poets in China, not a little famous, but quite famous. Including Chen Shidao, before the two people met, they had actually read each other's poetry, especially this Chen Shidao had read a lot of Huang Tingjian's poetry and admired Huang Tingjian very much. To put it simply, we have now, that is, he was already very fanned by him before he met Huang Tingjian. So one day in the summer of the year. Chen Shidao was prepared early, what to do? How many hands does it take to copy the poems you have written over the years neatly? The total number is more than a thousand, a thick stack. Then he went to the place where Huang Tingjian stayed to visit Huang Tingjian.

As soon as Huang Tingjian heard that Chen Shidao had come, that Chen Shidao was also a poet with a small reputation at that time, of course, he was overjoyed, and then after bringing Chen Shidao in, he had a few words of greeting, and Chen Shidao handed over this thick stack of poems to Huang Tingjian. Huang Tingjian said to Master Chen that so many poems could not be read for a while, so I first stayed and read them slowly, looked carefully, we sat down and drank a cup first, and the two of us began to drink. After Chen Shidao drank a few drinks, he said with emotion, before the two of us really had a good reputation, there was no chance to meet, until now you are more than forty, I am more than thirty to meet, it is indeed a little late. But I think that when poets meet poets, it is not because of the early or late age, but about the maturity of their poetry. So I think it's the right time for us to see it now.

Before Huang Tingjian could say anything about his words, Chen Shidao wrote a poem:

Gift Lu Straight

[ Song ] Chen Shidao

It is not necessary to meet early, but it is advisable to be late in the conversation.

Ordinary life is easy for the princes, and the Slovak people are really fearful.

Seeing the three volts, there was a chill.

Junru Shuangjing tea, all mouths wish to taste it.

Take care of me like wheat rice, and fill your stomach with hunger.

Chen Shi passed on his pen and was willing to set up disciples.

"It is not necessary to meet early, but it is better to talk about friendship later." It's actually an explanation for their late understanding. Poets do not necessarily have to be so early, and deep communication must be possible after a certain age.

"Ordinary life is easy for the princes, and the Si people are really terrible." Then I said that I had seen many poets in my life, but only you made me feel awe. I'm not afraid of other people, because your level is so high that I'm afraid, that's what it means.

Therefore, "In the three volts of the sight, there is a chill in the cold." "Although we are now three volts and the middle of summer, after I saw you, because I was in awe and fear, I felt a chill, which meant to be fearful. Therefore, these few words can be said to the fullest extent that Chen Shidao has said about Huang Tingjian's feeling of being a teacher.

"Chen Shi passed on his pen and was willing to set up disciples to do it." I write poems now, and I use my pen to express what I mean, that is, I want to be one of your disciples. Huang Tingjian really did not expect that this Chen Shidao would come up with such a hot poem as soon as he came up, and he actually wanted to worship himself as a teacher. I don't know how to say it for a while, after all, it is a poet, and when a poet doesn't know how to say it, then write poetry. Let's look at Huang Tingjian's hui poem.

Gift to Master Chen

Author:Huang Tingjian (Song)

Chen Hou learned poetry like learning the Tao, and it was like autumn insects and cold grass.

Ri Yan's intestines do not bow their eyebrows, and the proud ancients forget their old age.

Ten degrees of desire to say nine degrees of rest, one in the crowd of ten thousand people knows.

The poor have no pity for the cone, and the poor are not heaven without the cone.

Chen Hou refers to Chen Shidao. What is learning poetry like learning? In fact, this means that Chen Shidao is very devout in the creation of poetry, has been working hard, and simply regards poetry as his own religion. "It is also like autumn insects and cold grasses" Autumn insects are crickets. So his poetry? It's another style, like these sounds made by crickets in the grass in autumn. From these two sentences, we know that before Huang Tingjian met Chen Shidao, he not only read a lot of Chen Shidao's poems, but even chen Shidao's creative characteristics he also knew, because "it is like autumn insects and cold grass", which actually refers to a way of creation, what is it called? Cry out bitterly. Specific to Chen Shidao, there is an allusion called "YinTa". It is such a wooden furniture that the ancients could sit and lie down.

It is said that every time Chen Shidao went out on a tour, if he suddenly had a verse in his head, there was only one sentence, but this sentence was not there before and after. So what to do? He immediately stopped the tour and hurried home. After rushing home, he covered his head with a quilt and lay on this bed, everyone in the family knew that he was going to write poetry at this time, and he couldn't hear any other sounds, so he drove out the cats and dogs in the family, the children were easy to cry, and the children were also carried to the neighbor's house. After some time, Chen Shidao thought about it, lifted the quilt, sat up from the bed, and waved a poem.

So we write poems from Chen Shidao, and we know that poets sometimes have a little bit of a special temper, because they tend to live in their own world. Huang Tingjian also knew him well. "Not bowing your eyebrows" means not giving in. If the poems are not well written, he still does not eat, he still writes there.

Therefore, "Ten degrees of desire to speak nine degrees of rest, one in the crowd of ten thousand people knows." "He said that I wanted to talk to young people about poetry many times, but I took a nine-degree break, and I wanted to say almost nothing, because everyone may not be able to resonate with me, but today is not the same as in the past, of course, this is exaggerated, and among so many young poets, there is always a poet, that is, of course, Chen Shidao, who can understand some of my ideas about poetry. This is a compliment to Master Chen, and that is the only one. Chen Shidao's praise for Huang Tingjian is also unique, the two are unique together, then of course, the temperature of emotion will rise sharply.

Chen Shidao read Huang Tingjian's poems, what did he feel? Feeling ashamed, both touched, guilty, what is touched? What moved him was that Huang Tingjian had such a high evaluation of himself as a teacher. What is guilty of? Guilty is that Chen Shidao has always been dissatisfied with his creation, and he yearns for a style like Huang Tingjian's poetry, that is, a style that is as fragrant as Shuangjing tea.

This time, the significance of this meeting may not be so great for Huang Tingjian, but it is extraordinary for the meaning of Chen Shidao. Well. After Huang Tingjian met, it became a new starting point for Chen Shidao's poetry creation. After a few years, Chen Shidao wrote a letter recalling this, and he still couldn't help it. We look at this poem that he recalls.

At that time, Que Li and on poetry, in the late years, the rivers and mountains broke their dreams.

The magic hand is not used in the ordinary world, and Gao Huai is still known to the old people.

He said that when we came to Beijing to discuss poetry together, after so many years, we are still unable to achieve our own ambitions, and the rivers and mountains have broken their dreams. In other words, poets all have dreams, but such a court at that time did not give them such an opportunity and stage to gallop their dreams, and they could still treat it calmly. But he knew that Huang Tingjian's talent was particularly outstanding, so the clever hand was not used in ordinary times, and a talented person like you was actually not used by this era, and he was full of sympathy for Huang Tingjian's talent, and even implied dissatisfaction with the court's failure to reuse Huang Tingjian at that time.

The latter sentence has expressed a deep friendship: "High huai is still known to the past." "And you have such a brilliant mind, I know, not that the whole world does not know you, at least I know." Therefore, "Gao Huai is still known to the old people." If the meaning of this sentence is to put it bluntly, if there is only one true friend left in this world, it is probably me.

Therefore, in front of Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao is most willing to play the role, that is, the first confidant in his life. We read from their poems that their interactions rarely talk about politics, but mainly about poetry, because the topic of politics is not something they can talk about, and the topic of friendship can never be talked about. Chen Shidao because of his personality, the career is even more unhappy, he met Zeng Gong when he was young, Zeng Gong was very appreciative of him, very appreciative, once recommended him to the imperial court, the result of the court said that he was a white coat. What is white? There is no meritorious name, no entrance examination, no use. Therefore, his career was frustrated at the beginning, so it was not until the second year of meeting Huang Tingjian, that is, the second year of Yuan You, in 1087 AD, that Chen Shidao was recommended by Su Shi and others to become a professor in Xuzhou.

Xuzhou is his hometown, and this Xuzhou professor is also in charge of local education and cultural affairs. How to evaluate Chen Shidao in this recommendation book jointly recommended by Su Shi and others? It is said that he is "highly ancient in writing and more advanced in his life." "Say that his literary creative ability is first among contemporary young people. But what about the actual results? It is said that he is "too strong to be a man, but a relic." Such a contemporary master of the literary world, who has not yet come to become an official after his prime, said that it is really a waste of talent.

Then everyone has to ask, why is this Chen Shidao too strong? That is, the age of the outgoing, the age of the young adult, he did not come to step into the career. I think this is mainly due to personality reasons, of course, this personality is related to the times. Song Shi's "Biography of Chen Shi Dao" has such a passage that says: "In Xi Ning, Wang's classics were prevalent, and Shi Dao's heart was not what he said, so he was determined to forge ahead." "So what is the Wang Sutra?" In fact, it refers to Wang Anshi's new learning. Then, with the support of Emperor Shenzong of Song, Wang Anshi organized some people to re-examine the scriptures, compiled a big book, this big book is called "Three Classics and New Righteousness", and then in the eighth year of Xi Ning, this book was taken as the national standard, and then issued to the whole country. This award is valid for the whole country. That is to say, in the future examinations, your questions and your answers must follow such a requirement of the "Three Classics and New Meanings", but they were not accepted by many people at that time.

For example, Su Shi once vigorously attacked. Has Chen Shidao ever attacked? I don't know. But even if Chen Shidao didn't have verbal criticism, he also had a reaction to action, and his reaction to action was that I didn't mix with this matter, I was far away from you, the "Three Classics and New Righteousness", and if you want to have that thing when you enter the jinshi, I will not test your jinshi. I am not your official either. Originally, Chen Shidao's age was exactly such an era of being admitted to the military and entering the Shi, because of such an attitude of resistance, coupled with such a unique personality, so this period of time was "too strong and not shi", because of his personality, so it led to Chen Shidao was not born until the age of thirty-six, and only became a small Xuzhou professor.

During the Yuan Dynasty, when Chen Shidao wanted to worship Huang Tingjiang as a teacher, Chen Shidao was already a well-known poet in the poetry world. But even so, he was willing to lower his body to learn from Huang Tingjian with an open mind, which was a real awareness of the problem of his own poetry, and also a real awareness of the value of Huang Tingjian's poetry.

Although Huang Tingjian did not refuse to ask Chen Shidao to come to him, he also did not regard himself as a teacher. Hui Hong's "Cold Fasting Night Talk" once recorded a passage, saying that once he asked Huang Tingjian, saying who among the contemporary poets is the best? Huang Tingjian said that of course it was Chen Shidao,

This is Huang Tingjian's evaluation of Chen Shidao's poetry, and Chen Shidao's evaluation of Huang Tingjian's poetry is of course also very high. Let's look at a poem by Chen Shidao.

Answer Wei Yanhuang pre-emptively encouraged Yu to compose a poem

Dynasty: Song Dynasty

My poem is shallow and short, and there is nothing left for all eyes to look down.

There are yellow eyes in the sentence, and the washing is annoying and hot and cool.

People speak better than yellow language, and the night is lit up in unison.

First of all, the Zigong Wall comes from the Analects. Zigong once lamented, teacher, Confucius's learning is like a high wall, I can't enter the door, so "my poems are shallow and short Zigong Wall" said that my poems are shallow and white, and the meaning is relatively short. Facing Huang Tingjian, just like Confucius who was faced by Zigong at that time, the evaluation of Huang Tingjian was high enough, right?

"There is nothing left in the eyes." When you see that my poems have no charm, they continue to "blacken themselves". Chen Shidao is actually a proud person, and Huang Tingjian is also a proud person. But two proud people are so humble once they agree with each other's poems, so everyone should now believe in the power of friendship, friendship can change a person.

In the autumn of the first year of the Jianzhong Jingguo, that is, in the autumn of 1101, when Huang Tingjian was in Jingzhou, he remembered his two best friends, one Qin Guan died in Guangxi, and the other was Chen Shidao, who did not know how he was now, so he wrote a group of poems, one of which was written like this:

Behind closed doors, Chen Wuji, waving at the guests, qin less travel.

The orthography does not know whether to feed orally, and the west wind blows tears of Gu Tengzhou.

"Zhengzi" is the last official position held by Chen Shidao, which is called the secretary provincial orthography, so this "zhengzi" refers to Chen Shidao. I don't know if it can solve the problem of food and clothing, is he still hungry, is he still cold? Because of his living friends, he only cared about him. Because "the west wind blows tears gu teng state." "Qin Guan has died in Fujian Prefecture, Guangxi.

Caring about Chen Shidao's food and clothing is actually caring about Chen Shidao's life. We know that although there are many connotations of friendship, the focus on life and life must be the most powerful connotation among the connotations of friendship. Huang Tingjian was in Jingzhou at the time, he was still in exile, and he was suffering from many diseases, but he was concerned about Chen Shidao's food and clothing, how ordinary and ordinary the two words of food and clothing were, but at this moment, how warm and touching it was.

In fact, not a few months after this, Chen Shidao died. Within two years, huang Tingjian's three friends, of course, also had the status of teachers, such as Qin Guan first, then Su Shi, and then Chen Shidao. After Chen Shidao's death, it is still impossible to find out what memorial poems Huang Tingjian wrote. But he wrote a poem in which he wrote about the sadness about the death of Qin Guan, Su Shi, and Chen Shidao. Let's take a look at this poem.

Over the years, the ghosts have revered the three heroes, and the words lin gen are quite shaky.

What is the use of natural materials, only with the images of ancient worship.

"Covering the Three Heroes". Who are the three Haojie? Qin Guan, Su Shi, Chen Shidao. "The word lin is quite shaky." I feel that these three people in the contemporary literary world have passed away, and this literary circle has lost its pillars.

The influence of Su Shi and Qin Guan, I think everyone generally will not have any objections. Then in Huang Tingjian's eyes, Chen Shidao can be completely compared with Su Shi and Qin Guanlai, although this poem is written by three people, but the last of these three people to die is Chen Shidao. So I think this poem was written because of the lamentation of the death of Chen Shidao, and then associated with the deaths of Su Shi and Qin Guan. Therefore, I feel that the weight of Chen Shidao in this poem is quite heavy.

The lonely Huang Tingjian has lasted for more than three years, and he has bid farewell to such a world. In the days when there was no Chen Shidao's booing and asking for warmth, Huang Tingjian could probably only review Chen Shidao's warm care for himself over and over again. I believe that Huang Tingjian's last days are using this little by little memory to support himself. We really should believe that deep friendship is really the focus of life that can accompany us all the way.

The text comes from the hearts of the people of the hundred pulpits and poems

Just because I like it, I hope to inform you that it is inappropriate to upload the promise