<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Chen Shidao: The leaves fall in the wind, and the mountain sky flowers are red</h1>
His fame is very large, but according to conscience, there should be very few people who really know him, which is not only his poetry, but also rarely paid attention to even in life, which seems to be inconsistent with his identity as a "Sumen disciple", this person is Chen Shidao.
When you think of a bard, the word "suburban cold island thin" immediately comes to mind, but no one seems to know that the Song Dynasty also had a group of bitter bards, and the most representative one is Chen Shidao.
In the book, Chen Shidao wrote poems particularly hard, once he had the inspiration, the first thing he did was to immediately run home, get into the quilt, cover himself tightly, and everyone knew his style, "the family knows it, that is, the cats and dogs are expelled, and the babies and children are also holding the neighbors", so as not to hinder his creation, this sense of ceremony is very strange.
He repeatedly chanted and painstakingly deliberated on his works, and the good deeds gave him the name of "Yinta", which he was also happy to accept, and also called himself "Yinta", and his brother Huang Tingjian once tailored a poem for him: "Behind closed doors, Chen Wuji", which is the scene when he was creating.
However, his suffering is not only creative suffering, life is also miserable, it can be said that he has been poor for a lifetime, although now his reputation is not high, nor is there a popular song that everyone can recite, but in the industry, the impact is still very large, it can be said that it is also a bush of orchids that are "hidden in the mountains and no one knows", alone fragrant.
Chen Shidao, zi wu self, number Houshan resident, posterity known as Chen Houshan, Xuzhou Pengcheng people, one of the "Six Gentlemen of Sumen", an important writer of the Jiangxi poetry school; initially a professor in Xuzhou, a doctor of later Li Taixue, a secretary of the provincial zhengzi and other positions, died of illness at the age of 49, and there is a "Houshan Collection" passed down.
His resume can be described as very simple, compared to those literary cattle people in the Northern Song Dynasty, there seems to be one sentence missing, "jinshi birth", that is, he did not pass the imperial examination, which should be regarded as a white-clad person at that time, at least not able to enter the career.
As can be seen from the introduction, his education is very high, but these professors and doctors at that time do not represent academic qualifications and origins, but only the honorific titles of people who excel in learning or skills in a certain field, and can also be a synonym for occupation, and do not need to pass the examination.
Compared with the previous title of doctor, the gold content of the Song Dynasty is obviously much lower, but in any case, his doctorate was approved by the government, or it shows that Chen Shidao's knowledge is very profound, not compared with the common name of those folk tea doctors or wine doctors.
Chen Shidao's ancestors were also high-ranking officials, but by the time of his generation, the scenery was long gone, and the family road was lost, at this time, an ordinary person's children wanted to integrate into the mainstream society, the only way was to take the imperial examination, and only by winning a birth could they have the possibility of entering the career.
At that time, Wang Anshi was reforming the content of the imperial examination, taking the scriptures as a soldier, and the proportion of poetry dropped sharply, which of course lost a lot of points for Chen Shidao, who had been obsessed with poetry all his life, so, in order to express his dissatisfaction, he simply did not take the examination, put himself in the white clothes, and had a temper!
At this time, he was 23 years old, it was a good year, did not go to the imperial examination, blocked the passage of his own ascent, this price was really too big, and later he was swinging in the capital, "You Jingshi has been in the capital for more than a year, and he has not tasted the door of a noble person", from which we can imagine that this Chen Shidao is not inflammatory, and is really a cattle man with personality.
As early as the age of 16, he was appreciated by Zeng Gong, one of the "Eight Great Masters of Ancient Literature", and later studied under Zeng Gong's door, it can be said that he was first Zeng Gong's protégé.
Zeng Gong, as a literary master, was in charge of the history of the Five Dynasties in the imperial court, and had the right to choose his own subordinates, hoping to recommend the 28-year-old Chen Shidao as a subordinate, hoping to help him, but regretting that "the imperial court was difficult to be dressed in white", but it was unsuccessful; some people recommended him to go to Taixue to be a scholar, that is, to manage the rules of study and the discipline of the examination school, and he also resigned.
In any case, although this post is equivalent to the lowest nine grades of the official rank, it is also a person who eats official meals, of course, with Chen Shidao's talent and self-esteem, he is far from looking down on this scum petty official.
Chen Shidao's reputation was great, and many high-ranking officials also thought that it was a pity that such a talent as him was idle, and they also wanted to recruit him to the door, and Zhang Huan, who was in the Privy Council at the time, wanted to recommend him, but at this time he was 32 years old and refused; later, when Zhang Huan was the ruler, when the power was tilted, he even entrusted Qin Guan to send a message, asking Chen Shidao to meet and recommend him as an official.
Favored by the prime minister, the peaceful step of Qingyun is just around the corner, according to ordinary people, when they meet such a good opportunity, they are not busy and upside down, and they quickly post it, but how Chen Shidao can do such a thing, he replied to Qin Shaoyou in a cheerful manner, "If a soldier does not pass on the word as a subject, he will not appear in the prince." Refusing to see him, "never going" this bull is against the sky, and at this time he is 40 years old.
However, in order to make a living, during this period he still accepted Su Shi's recommendation and went to Xuzhou to study as a professor, and two years later, when Su Shi went to Hangzhou to serve as too punctual, he went to send off, and he was attacked for leaving his post without permission, plus "entering the non-Section", so he was impeached as an unemployed vagabond, and I guess he was shot because of the disaster of the party struggle at that time.
The name was once included in the recommendation book, portraying no salt and no work;
One day full of false voices in the world, ten years of poor work;
The white head did not realize that the name was late, and the blue eyes were often the same as the present and the past;
The decay and disease are parted for today, and several lines of old tears sprinkle the west wind.
This poem is called "Don't Huang Xuzhou", which was composed when he left Xuzhou when he said goodbye to his friends, and the use of the dictionary is traceless, the foundation is profound, and the poem directly expresses his miserable feelings of parting with his friends in the midst of poverty and illness, the poetry style is old, desolate and depressed, and there is Du Fu's seven laws.
Losing his job, his life was poor and difficult, he could only put down his noble stature and go to Caozhou's father-in-law's house to rub rice, and even the old mother "ate Hebei from its humble son", however, not only did his mother die on the road, he was also devastated by the disease, and the following song "The Beginning of illness" was written at this time, telling him full of helplessness.
In today's autumn wind, He Xiang is a sick man,
The force is slightly whiskered, and the heart is with whom,
Disasters and diseases are full of enlightenment, and unjust relatives are empty,
A hundred years of old age first, three defeats are not poor.
Although he has gone through hardships and upheavals, he also wants to realize his own value, in the fluttering west wind, in his prime under the torment of illness, he has to help with the staff, he looks around dazed, this feeling is beyond description, although it is repeated setbacks, but his heart is not dead, he still wants to do a career, this is the poet's active entry into the world.
And Su Shi was too punctual in Yingzhou, he went to Yingzhou as a professor, Su Shi also praised him, and hoped to accept Chen Shidao, who was 41 years old, as a disciple, but because he had been taught by Zeng Gong, he refused on the grounds of "always a petal of incense, respected as Zeng Nanfeng", which made Su Shi feel embarrassed.
Fortunately, Su Shi was a man of love and generosity, did not think of the pestle, but respected his behavior as a teacher, cared for him consistently, and gave him all-round guidance, so that his literary talent was gradually improving, so although he did not formally worship Dongpo as a teacher, posterity was still happy to list him as a Sumen disciple.
With the fame of Su Dongpo, if he wanted to accept him for entry, why Chen Shidao would refuse, on the surface, it seems that he did not want to betray the teacher, but if he really wanted to go deeper, Su Shi and Zeng Gong were both Ouyang Xiu's protégés, and in terms of teacher inheritance, they were all out of the same door, in fact, they were not back teachers.
Therefore, what he said about "willing to establish disciples to do it" is only a self-effacing word, because, whether he wants to do it or not, in the end, posterity will still list him as the "Six Gentlemen of Sumen", which may just be a manifestation of his high morale.
Although Chen Shidao also held some positions, these positions, including Dr. Taixue, are not formal state civil servants to be precise, and should be non-staff personnel of public institutions recruited by the department, and although there have been opportunities to transfer Peng Zeling and secretarial provincial orthodoxy since then, he has not been employed because of his mother's funeral and other reasons.
I guess that since Chen Shidao did not take the examination, he would have blocked the road to becoming a scholar long ago, so he had a stubborn refusal to become an official, and judging from the positions he had held, they were all external personnel similar to "private teachers", which did not violate his inner insistence, and as for the public offices that were being compiled later, he would not go, nor did he despise it.
However, such a character has brought great damage to his life, he was poor all his life, his family was often trapped in the dilemma of cooking, compared to the degree of poverty such as Du Fu or Mengjiao, Chen Shidao can be said to be the first person to be a "bitter" poet, even his wife and children are unable to support, and the hardships of his life are far beyond people's imagination.
How poor is he? According to the Zhengshi, "the family is poor, or the days do not cook", and the brother of the same disciple Zhang Qian said that he was "a laborious Chen Fuzi, who was happy to hear about the sick lung Su." The number of times the door was moved, and the monk begged for no time. And his friend Chao Zhi also said: "Smell it in Xuzhou, no clothes out of the firewood door." He is also endowed with begging poems, and hunger is humble. "It's really poor enough.
His poverty can be said to be the most extreme person in the poet's circle, and finally at the age of 49, because he did not have winter clothes to withstand the cold, he died of frostbite, "no clothes, so he died of cold disease", and after death, he had no money to bury, and his friends bought coffins.
The extent of poverty is inconceivable to think of without clothes to wear until he dies of frostbite, but there is a reason for this, in other words, his arrogance has pushed himself into the road of death.
He wanted to go out to the countryside to perform rituals, and there was no cotton clothes in the cold, so his wife asked his mother's family to borrow cotton clothes to protect him from the cold, but when he learned that this clothing was an object of Zhao Tingzhi, he resolutely did not wear it, braved the cold to go out, returned sick and bedridden, and soon passed away.
Shi Zai: "Chen is in the museum, when the shrine is on the outskirts, non-heavy Qiu can not withstand the cold." There is no self- and one, and its inner son is a pretender for the Yu Ting family. There is no self-criticism from the beginning, and there is truth within. Wu Zi said, "Don't you know that I don't have a Qu Jia Yi Ye?" "But then he died of frostbite."
He would rather be frozen than wear the brocade clothes he borrowed from the wicked in his mind, on the surface, it is the result of his thin skin and the death of face, which is typically killed by himself; in fact, the bones of the heroes do not drink the water of the stolen spring, and the honest people are not eaten by the food that comes from him, which reflects Chen Shidao's arrogance and noble character, but this price is also too heavy.
Who is Zhao Tingzhi? Although everyone is not familiar with him now, he has a son who is very famous, called Zhao Mingcheng, and Zhao Mingcheng's wife is the famous Li Qingzhao, so from the perspective of generations, Li Qingzhao should call Chen Shidao an uncle.
Chen Shidao did not despise such a high-ranking official as Zhao Tingzhi, not to mention that at that time, the new and old parties were fiercely contentious, and almost became intolerable, while the new party headed by Cai Jing persecuted Sima Guang and Su Shi and many other old party members to a frightening degree, and as a disciple of Su Shi and a proud Chen Shidao, it was understandable that he refused to wear this dress.
Chen Shidao is really a very strange person, he has only lived in his own world all his life, except for poetry, everything else has nothing to do with him, including the basic life security of raising a family, in his eyes are ignored, his personal hobbies are above everything, to be honest, who married him, really fell eight lifetimes of blood mold.
His family was poor and his livelihood was difficult, and although he was in a time when "people were overwhelmed with poverty", he himself did not care at all, and still "left and right books, and every day to discuss, gai qizhi wanted to use literary names for posterity".
Chen Shidao currently has more than 500 poems, not less, but reading his poems always gives people a feeling of gray and gray, there is no bit of bright colors at all, and the mood after reading is very heavy and suffocating.
His poems do not have the leisure and leisure of "apricot blossom news in the rain", there is no dashing and open-mindedness of "the bright moon breeze does not use money", there is no philosophical nature of "willow dark flowers and bright villages"; there is no momentum sprayed outside the words, and ambition is hidden in the chest.
What he has is the bleak "poor dweller often closed the door", lamenting that "the poor listen to the booing", the heartache is "five years and three separations", and the suppression is "swallowing the sound and dare not exhaust", especially when he is unable to support his family, he sent his family to his father-in-law to raise and wrote a series of sad poems, such as "Sending Inside", "Don't Send The Third Son", "Send Your Uncle Guo Dafu", and "Show the Three Sons", etc., full of affection, poignant and touching, and are Chen Shidao's most affectionate poems, which are really heart-wrenching to read.
The city and the Qingjiang River, between the springs and the rocks;
The sunset is beginning to hide, and the twilight mist has reached the mountain;
Where the birds want to go, The clouds are also idle;
The landing is endless, and the child must be returned.
Even if a scene such as this song "Climbing the Fast Pavilion" should feel somewhat happy, under the shroud of sunset and twilight, although it is similar to Lao Du's "water flow heart is not competitive, the cloud cares about it late", it also makes people have a dull sense of loneliness.
The Jiangxi poetry school has the so-called "one ancestor and three sects", one ancestor refers to Du Fu, the three sects are Huang Tingjian, Chen Youyi and Chen Shidao, Chen Shidao is very admiring of the older brother Huang Tingjian, the book records that after he saw Huang Tingjian, he "burned his manuscript and did his best", and the relationship between the two was also a teacher and a friend, respecting each other.
Hui Hong, a famous poet monk of the Song Dynasty, recorded in his "Cold Fasting Night Talk": "Ask the valley: Who is the crown of the poets of today?" A: There is no chen master and no self. And Huang Tingjian himself said: "His compositions are well aware of the key of the ancients, and his poems are deeply rooted in the syntax of Lao Du, and the poets of today cannot be the same" This shows Huang Gu's appreciation for Chen Houshan.
If you think about it here, there is a plot that is very thought-provoking, Chen Shidao got to know Su Shi earlier than Huang Tingjian, why did he not burn his manuscript when he saw Su Shi, but six years later he saw Huang Tingjian but burned less and learned it?
There should be only one explanation for this, Yu Shi, Chen Shidao believes that su Shi is not a way, Su Shi's poems are like a whimsical, with little restraint, while Huang Tingjian's poems are learnable, and his tempering of sentences is very consistent with his own, which can also explain that Chen Shidao sent an olive branch to Su Shi and politely refused.
However, unlike Master Su Dongpo's way of "turning old into new" and "turning customs into elegance", Chen Shidao's advocating is "simple language and beneficial work", which is not exactly the same as the Huang Tingjian he reveres, Huang Shi pursues "taking the fetus and changing bones" and "turning iron into gold", and Chen Shidao should be the successor of Mei Yaochen's "Yixin Language Worker", only because he advocates Huang Tingjian's deliberation and training of words and sentences, so it is only because of the "Huang Chen" that he has been called "Huang Chen" in later generations.
Broken walls with rain snails into characters, old houses without monks and swallow writers;
Leftover wants to go out and laugh, but he feels that his sideburns are dusty;
The wind turns the spider web on three sides, and the thunder bees take advantage of the two;
Repeatedly lost the southern neighbor spring covenant, only now there is no flowering.
The best thing about Houshan's poetry is that it is ancient and has true feelings, exercise and elegance, this "Spring Nostalgia Shows the Neighborhood" is recognized as Chen Shidao's representative work, which is the reason why the poet wrote to the neighbors to explain his "repeatedly lost spring covenants", and it is also a true portrayal of his daily life, expressing his miserable and lonely life and mood, the language is sharp and new, the iron is golden, the whole poem is deep and emotional, and the mood is novel.
However, as the backbone of the Jiangxi school of poetry, Chen Shidao's poems are very narrow in subject matter, almost all of which are written around personal encounters, seriously disconnected from society, and too different from Du Fu's humanistic feelings.
And his poetic style is also very different from Du Shi, lacking Du Shi's somber and strong atmosphere. Its style can be seen as the same as the late Tang Dynasty Li Shangyin's lyricism is the same, a slight change is that in the use of the dictionary presents a style of capitalization, he pays too much attention to the carving of syntax, but limited by the limitation of academic ability, cleverness and cleverness, and finally lack of great success.
Books should be easy to read quickly, and guests cannot be deceived;
The world is contrary to everything, and it is good to be pregnant with a hundred years old.
This poem is rare in Chen Shidao's works, in ordinary sentences, it tells the nothingness of a happy and infrequent life, although the words are simple and straightforward, they are full of philosophical reason, and a sentence of "the world is contrary to the world" breaks through his helplessness in this life and reveals the huge gap between his ideals and reality.
Therefore, some posterity commented, "As long as Chen Shidao is not a combination of idioms and ancient sentences, or excessively shortening the words, he can write very simple and sincere poems." ”
Later generations evaluated Chen Shidao as follows: a fierce personality, a high wind and bright festival, a weak career, a poor and happy way, a lonely fang, and no harmony; in literature, he is known as "bitter chanting", "no words and no source", "simple and beneficial work".
Guan Chen ShiDao's life, the life expectancy is less than half a hundred, the official is not orthodox, the backbone is strong, the arrogance is dry, even if the old mother eats and the wife eats the woman; and he also enjoys his life in his own poetry world, and his life is poetic.
It is a pity that the longevity and prolific necessary for the achievement of a great poet have nothing to do with him, and they are extremely poor and destitute, and they are clothed all their lives, so there are not many people who know him today, although his poetry is very high, his luck is secluded, and he deliberately seeks depth, but if he does not understand the trajectory of his life, it is still a layer apart to read, and it is impossible to taste the three ambiguities in his poems.