There are pregnant mothers at home, and diet during pregnancy has naturally become the focus of the whole family. Strangely, relatives and friends who are usually busy dancing square dancing and playing mahjong, and whose daily nutrition knowledge depends on the forwarding of the circle of friends, have suddenly become "experts" and opened 3D wrap-around brainwashing for pregnant mothers:
Source: Stand Cool Helo
Before getting pregnant, the flying in the sky and swimming in the water are all things in our mouths, and once we are pregnant with a baby, the food we usually eat seems to have suddenly become a flood beast.
Source: Tencent Medical Dictionary Medical Illustration
Are those "dietary taboos" circulating on the Internet really credible? What are the real things that pregnant mothers can't eat?
First, the "contraindicated diet for pregnant women" spread on the Internet is unreliable
In addition to crab, hawthorn, lychee can not be eaten, even peppercorns, star anise, cinnamon, fennel and other seasonings can not be spared... There are too many lists of "dietary taboos" circulated on the Internet, and the head is the Tao, but it is really unreliable.
Pregnant mothers have worse immunity than before pregnancy, and in order to protect themselves and the normal development of their babies, it is indeed necessary to avoid some foods in their diet.
However, medically speaking, the main cause of miscarriage is chromosomal abnormalities, and the chance of miscarriage caused by the normal diet of healthy pregnant mothers is very low. Moreover, from the perspective of diet structure, doctors usually emphasize more supplementation of certain nutrients than contraindications to diets.
Such a delicate structure of the human body, the original needs of a wide and varied diet to meet the needs, pregnant mothers are no exception, blind diet taboo may cause malnutrition.
But this does not mean that pregnant mothers can have no contraindications in diet, omnivorous at the same time, the amount must be well controlled, everything is too late, no matter how good food is eaten, it is easy to have problems.
Second, these foods are really dangerous
1. Alcohol or foods containing alcohol are contraindicated
A lot of alcohol during pregnancy, alcohol can be passed to the baby through the placenta, because the baby's liver is not yet fully developed, can not process or decompose alcohol, so the pregnant mother during pregnancy alcohol intake too much, will damage the organs of the fetus, the pregnant mother itself is also dangerous. Excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy may also cause a variety of congenital malformations, the severity of which is related to the dose of alcohol exposure and gestational age.
If the pregnant mother just accidentally ate a sip of wine heart chocolate, do not worry too much, a small amount of alcohol pregnant mother can be metabolized through the liver, alcohol through the placenta into the fetus less, generally will not cause too much problem.
But if you want to be greedy, for the health of yourself and the baby, let's bear with it, including drunken crabs, drunken shrimp and other foods must be controlled.
2. Raw and cold food may be contaminated with germs
Raw and cold foods may contain Listeria, Salmonella, Toxoplasma gondii and other parasites, and pregnant mothers are more harmful to these bacteria and parasites than ordinary healthy people.
For example, listeria, most healthy people infected with this germ, may lead to diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms within 1 to 2 days, and once pregnant mothers are infected with listeria bacteria, it may lead to complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, etc., and the fetal/newborn mortality rate is as high as 30%.
Recently, a pregnant mother in Xi'an ate leftovers infected with Listeria and lost her "second treasure".
Source: Screenshot of People's Daily News
The following are the names of the food, pregnant mothers should pay attention to:
Cold processed meats: such as cold ham, bacon, hot dogs, cold lunch meat, etc.
Raw or not fully cooked duck, chicken, etc., raw seafood (such as sashimi), half-cooked steak, refrigerated smoked seafood, meat sauce (foie gras), etc.
Eat salads and raw vegetables that are not clean and clean.
Raw milk (e.g. milked milk, goat's milk), soft and semi-soft cheeses. Generally speaking, the milk we drink is pasteurized or high-temperature sterilized, do not need to worry too much, but pay attention to some foreign cheeses, such as "Mexican-style" cheese, before buying to see whether it has been pasteurized.
Raw eggs and foods containing raw egg ingredients, such as salad dressings, semi-finished dough for baking, tiramisu, ice cream, homemade mayonnaise, etc.
Therefore, it is necessary to fully heat the food before it can be eaten, especially when eating hot pot and steak, it is also necessary to ensure that the meat is fully cooked before eating.
There may be pregnant mothers here who have doubts, can sashimi be eaten? Of course, it is possible, provided that the sashimi you eat is fresh, pollution-free, and free of parasites, if you really can't get over the hurdle in your heart, you can bear not to eat it.
Image source: Stand Cool Helo
3. Marine fish with high mercury content
The dietary advice of "eat more fish during pregnancy" has been heard by many pregnant mothers, which is indeed reasonable.
In the 2015 guidelines of the Chinese Consensus Expert Group on Maternal and Infant Supplementation DHA, it was recommended that pregnant women consume at least 200 mg/day[1] to promote fetal brain and visual development. DHA is high in fish, especially deep-sea fish, so it is necessary for pregnant mothers to eat fish 2 to 3 times a week to supplement DHA.
But not all fish can benefit, and fish with higher mercury levels can damage the baby's brain and nervous system development, which may lead to a lower IQ later on.
Source: Screenshot of Hong Kong Food Safety Centre website
So what kind of fish is recommended? Salmon, anchovy, sea bass, saury, cod, osmanthus fish, mud carp, big-eyed chicken, pomfret, flounder, eel, etc. are all good ingredients to supplement DHA.
Third, these three types of food should also be eaten with caution
1. Animal liver, cod liver oil
Animal liver, cod liver oil is rich in vitamin A, pregnant mothers consume too much vitamin A may lead to fetal malformations, so even if pregnant mothers in order to supplement iron, such foods should not be eaten more, the daily intake of 15g ~ 20g is relatively safe. Plant-derived vitamin A such as carrots and spinach does not increase the risk of teratosis and can be eaten with confidence.
2, fried, barbecued, smoked and other high-fat and high-calorie food
This kind of food is often high in calories, and the intake of too much fat and calories will bring risks such as obesity and gestational diabetes to pregnant mothers, so pregnant mothers who love high-calorie diets will stop when they are pregnant.
3. Caffeinated foods
Caffeine-containing foods such as tea, coffee, certain functional drinks, and chocolate should also be noted, caffeine is likely to be closely related to the low birth mass of the fetus [2], but pregnant mothers drinking coffee is not completely contraindicated, but not too much. So, how much is not enough? The American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant mothers consume less than 200 mg/day. [3]
In general, the diet during pregnancy pays attention to the right amount, to eat a wide and mixed, and the overall intake emphasizes diversity. Then there is the diet to be light, try to reduce oil, less salt and less sugar, and the rest, pregnant mothers eat what you love to eat.
bibliography:
China Maternal and Infant Supplementation DHA Consensus Expert Group. Expert consensus on maternal and infant supplementation of DHA in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, 2015(2).
Qin Hongli, Fang Weigang. Research progress on caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of low birth mass neonates[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practitioners, 2017(8).
[3] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Available at: https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Moderate-Caffeine-Consumption-During-Pregnancy?IsMobileSet=false (Reaffirmed 2018)
*The content of this article is a popularization of health knowledge and cannot be used as a specific diagnosis and treatment recommendation, nor is it a substitute for face-to-face consultation by a practicing physician, for reference only.
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