In 1949, Beauvoir wrote the feminist classic "The Second Sex", proposing that only a fundamental change in women's consciousness can achieve equality between men and women, and this book has caused great repercussions around the world.
However, in the history of the East and the West, conscious women have always existed. Literature, painting, architecture, archaeology, cultural studies... We found 9 goddesses of culture and art who explored "the realm of men" in their respective eras, creating values that were no less than, or even greater than, men.
01. In front of Dunhuang, Fan Jinshi is genderless
In 1962, four interns of Peking University Archaeology came to Dunhuang, and Fan Jinshi was the only female student. The first time she arrived in Dunhuang, Fan Jinshi was completely shocked.
For more than 50 years in Dunhuang, Fan Jinshi was genderless. She traveled through 735 caves and counted the numbers, dynasties, and styles of the murals.
She presided over the compilation of the "Complete Archaeological Collection of Dunhuang Grottoes", which was praised by Mr. Rao Zongyi: it is both true and true, exquisite and exquisite, and Dunhuang Studies has entered another realm!
In order to protect Dunhuang, she tried her best to prevent Dunhuang from being listed, and vigorously opened a costly "digital Dunhuang" to let more people see Dunhuang and let non-renewable cultural relics survive forever.
Behind Dunhuang, she is a woman, and there will also be emotional entanglements: is it reunited with her husband who is far away in Wuhan? Or continue to hold Dunhuang?
In the end, it was the husband who left all his achievements at Wuhan University and went to Dunhuang, ending the 19-year separation of the two. For more than thirty years, the couple continued to devote everything to Dunhuang.
Fan Jinshi and her husband Peng Jinzhang
02. What female archaeologist? This is the pioneer of Chinese archaeology!
In 1938, Zeng Zhaoyi returned to China with a master's degree in archaeology from the University of London, becoming the first female archaeologist in China.
Just over 30 years old, she has participated in the excavation of the "Cang'er Culture" in Dali, the most famous excavation of the Pengshan Han Dynasty Cliff Tomb during the War of Resistance, and one person is responsible for field archaeological notes, which is considered to represent the "advanced level of Britain and even the world at that time".
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the flames of war were still frequent, but Zeng Zhaoyi still did his best to carry out cultural and cultural work:
Organized the construction of the main building of the Central Museum to imitate the Liao Hall; held an exhibition of Han Dynasty cultural relics and bronzes in the courtyard collection; and tried to prevent three batches of 852 boxes of precious cultural relics from being transported to Taiwan, including the treasure of the town hall now in the National Museum - Houmu Pengding.
In 1941, a group photo of the excavators of the PengshanYa Tomb in Sichuan was taken, and the person in the front row was Zeng Zhaoyi
She never married, dedicated her life to the cause of Chinese archaeology, and together with Xia Nai, a leading figure in the northern archaeological field, she was called "Southern Zeng Northern Xia".
Such an achievement, is it not just an "archeological masterpiece"?
03. She is not a Mayday on earth, but an architect Mr. Lin
In 1924, Liang Sicheng was influenced by Lin Huiyin to study architecture at Penn:
I didn't even know what architecture was, Lin told me, it was a discipline of art and engineering technology. Because I love painting, I also chose architecture as a major.
A generation of talented women Lin Hui began with a 31-year architectural career:
At the age of 24, he was employed by the Department of Architecture of Northeastern University, at the age of 26 he began a 15-year ancient construction inspection period and traveled to 15 provinces in China, at the age of 27 he joined the Construction Society to publish a series of articles, and at the age of 42 he participated in the establishment of the Tsinghua Architecture Department...
Lin Huiyin at Foguang Temple
At that time, the academic circles advocated that official architecture should compete with foreign classical architectural systems, and Lin Huiyin paid attention to residential architecture early. Her "Jinfen Ancient Architecture Pre-investigation Chronicle" first appeared in the journal of the Construction Society; she also designed the Yingqiu Courtyard of Yunnan University that integrates the spirit of residential buildings.
In 1932, Lin Huiyin published "On the Characteristics of Chinese Architecture", comparing the wooden frame of Chinese architecture with the structure of the international framework, and concluded that ancient Chinese architecture is structural rationalism. This influenced Liang Sicheng's transition from modern classicism to structural rationalism.
Compared with the gossip that is difficult to distinguish between true and false, "architect" Lin Huiyin is more worthy of lighting attention.
Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng
04. Zaha has always been a spirit for women architects, not just architecture
In the world of buildings where men dominate, Zaha has set several records:
The nobel prize in architecture - the first female winner and youngest winner of the Pritzker Prize, and the first female winner of the Royal Gold Medal, the highest award in the British architectural world.
Beijing Galaxy SOHO, works by Zaha
Zaha's success is not because she is a woman, but because she is more manly than a man.
She was a notorious workaholic, working at least 80 hours a week; had no family, had an eccentric temper, and was known as the "Witch Head."
In her architecture, femininity is hardly visible, but more masculine than male: sharp-angled spires, long curved curves like flowing silk scarves, and a strong visual impact.
Riverbank Museum, Glasgow, Scotland, works by Zaha
Zaha always said, "If you want to live an easier life, don't be an architect", and he has also survived a long decade of only design plans and no plans, and has paid several times the efforts of ordinary people.
Her presence tells the world that female architects are no less than any man!
05. Katsushika Hokusai: If you want to draw a beauty picture, her wrist is even higher than mine
As the third daughter of the Japanese ukiyo-e master Katsushika Hokusai, Katsushika should also be a talented female painter, known as "Female Hokusai".
Triad ensemble diagram
Katsushika is supposed to be different from the women of the Edo period, who was divorced for ridiculing her husband's painting skills, and after the divorce, she did not paint ukiyo-e with a number of men, and swung in and out of the Wind Moon place for the sake of painting beauty pictures...
She worked as an assistant to her father all her life, and in hokusai's many famous paintings, there is a shadow that should be done.
Tang Lion Figure, should be responsible for the flower, Hokusai is responsible for the lion
Fuji Yuelong, Hokusai no pen, should be responsible for Mt. Fuji, Hokusai is responsible for the flying dragon
There are only 10 manuscripts of Katsushika, each of which is a masterpiece. In particular, "Yoshihara Lattice First Map" and "Night Shadow Beauty Figure" were the first to add Western light and shadow vision to ukiyo-e, and were known as "ukiyo-e of light".
Yoshihara Lattice First Diagram
Night Shadow Beauty Figure
06. Who wants to be the first female lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty? I just want to be free to marry!
In 1879, the Norwegian dramatist Ibsen wrote "Doll's House", which tells the story of the heroine Nala's unhappy marriage, the awakening of women's consciousness, the disregard of male social criticism, and the pursuit of freedom.
As early as the Southern Song Dynasty more than 800 years ago, Zhu Shuzhen was the brave and runaway Nala - alone to Bieliang, became a guest of the prime minister Zengbu's wife Wei Play, chanted poems, sang and danced, and encountered belated love.
Unexpectedly, Jin Bing went south and was forced to separate from his Italians and return to his hometown of Qiantang. But his family was humiliated by his escape, and a large number of manuscripts were burned.
This did not affect her competition with Li Qingzhao for the reputation of "the first female lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty". She claimed to have a "poetic fetish", taking the name of a secluded resident, and her poems could be gentle and warm.
His artistic attainments are also quite high, his calligraphy is elegant, and he is especially good at painting red plum green bamboo. The Ming Dynasty painter Du Qiong once titled in her "Plum Bamboo Diagram":
Look at its penmanship words are all elegant... The show of sincerity, the master of the female stream.
It shows that an unusual woman should be on a par with Li Qingzhao.
07. Put it in 2022, she still lives out the ideal life of thousands of women
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Chinese literary circle and even the entire social circle had a grand situation of "pushing Lü Bicheng everywhere".
Men admire her beauty and talent, and women yearn for her freedom:
The first female editor of the Ta Kung Pao, running a girls' school, was Yuan Shikai's secretary, an advocate of China's early feminist movement; rejected the pursuit of several grand dukes, never married in her life, but achieved financial freedom through entrepreneurship; at the age of 42, she became the first Chinese backpacker to go to the United States for a self-guided tour, followed by a 7-year trip to Europe.
The Pennsylvania Hotel, The Fixed Accommodation of Lü Bicheng in New York
In Miss Lu's pen, the Swiss cable car is "Broken Line": recognize the traces, only allow the flying car to arrive, then the red silk is far away, and the wheel is difficult to stay.
The Statue of Liberty in the United States: The Golden Wisp: Worthy of The Golden Van. Refers to vicissitudes, divine light clutches, and great love. A cluster of brilliant lights at the top...
With classical tones, we record a Western world full of oriental charm.
Lü Bicheng in the image of the "oriental aristocrat" in the Viennese newspaper
08. As a woman, she has her powerful magic
Ruth Benedict, the author of Chrysanthemum and the Knife, was one of the few female scholars of the early 20th century. Beneath a gentle and delicate appearance, there is a long and powerful force.
In the 1930s and 1940s, when the world was mired in World War II, Ruth noticed racial and cultural differences early on.
In 1934, "Cultural Model" was published, proposing that culture, like the individual, can be divided into many different personality types, there is no one who is good and who is bad, and multiculturalism is the most important.
Race: Science and Politics was published in 1940 against Nazi ethnocentrism.
In 1946, Kiku and the Sword was published, talking about the characteristics of Japanese culture.
She majored in English literature at university, so her research treatises are beautiful and easy to understand, which has influenced the majority of ordinary people who do not know much about anthropology.
"Chrysanthemum and the Sword" even influenced the U.S. takeover policy of Japan after World War II, opening a boom in Western research on Japanese culture.
Perhaps because of the weak position of women, she can pay attention to the cultural power of vulnerable races; it must be out of the gentleness of women, she can spread cultural theories more distantly in a delicate way.
The power of women is already so powerful.
09. Regardless of men and women, the ultimate purpose of life is freedom
Li Yinhe is one of the few people who can "live freely".
At the end of the 1970s, if he wanted to fall in love with Wang Xiaobo, he disregarded the fact that the two were in love with each other regardless of their academic qualifications, income, work, academics, and family. Wang Xiaobo still wanted love after his death, so he ignored the criticism of the world and remarried frankly.
If you don't like to have children, you won't have children when you are young; later, if you want children, you adopt a mentally retarded boy and raise them well.
If you want to do research, you will do a solid job in the three fields of marriage and family, gender and sex, publish books, novels, and programs, and everywhere is a signboard;
She wants to speak out for transgender and bisexual groups, advocate for the autonomy of people's daily lives, delete and say on the Internet, delete and say...
Li Yinhe recorded "Strange Story"
The so-called academic historical achievements - China's first liberal arts postdoctoral fellow, China's first research sociologist, China's earliest scholar of homosexuality... But it was an accident of freedom.
You can refute her point of view, but there is no denying her sincerity, bravery, pioneering and intellectual responsibility.
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On March 8, 1857, women textile workers in New York took to the streets to protest low wages and poor working conditions. In the past 163 years, women who have awakened to self-awareness have gone from a spark to a fire.
We believe that women will continue to shine and heat up in the field of culture and art, and even in all fields of society, and gender will no longer be any obstacle. At last
Happy Holidays to every woman!
Everyone can achieve what their hearts want!
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