"Grape wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa immediately urge." Drunkenly lying on the battlefield Jun Mo smiled, and Gu Lai conquered several people back. "Wang Han's side poem, to read today also makes people's blood boiling, in many poems of the same name, this "Liangzhou Word" can be called the first, Liangzhou is what place today? What special artifacts have been unearthed there? Let me reveal the secrets to you.
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In the middle of Gansu Province, there is an ancient city with deep historical heritage, which is Wuwei. Wuwei ancient called "Liangzhou", in four or five thousand years ago there were a large number of ethnic minorities to live here, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty after the destruction of the Xiongnu, Liangzhou is often used as the first side of the west, so there is a name for its border plug poem title. Adhering to the geographical advantages of Guliangzhou, Wuwei is located in the transition zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Loess Plateau and the Mongolian Plateau, bordering Lanzhou in the east, Xining in the south, Yinchuan and Inner Mongolia in the north, and Xinjiang in the west.
In the southwest corner of Wuwei City, there is a hilly area, which is located at the confluence of the Foothills of Qilian Mountain and the Zaomu River, which has the charm of strange traffic. Archaeologists on the mainland have made new discoveries here, starting in 1955, experts from the Gansu Provincial Museum have excavated here, and in a period of four years, a total of 37 Han Dynasty tombs have been cleared, because the terrain here is somewhat complex, so the locals call it "Mozuizi", so this Han tomb group is also named Mozuizi Han Tomb Group.
Because the western part of the mainland is relatively dry, the cultural relics excavated from the Mozuizi Han Tomb Group are relatively well preserved. Many of the types of artifacts in the eastern region that are perishable are well preserved here. Among them, a large number of precious historical relics such as Han Jane, wood carving, silk, hemp, and straw weaving have attracted worldwide attention once they came out. Mozuizi Han tomb group has also unearthed a lot of artworks, of which the Han tomb murals are unique, in the mainland archaeological relics industry, found that the ancient murals are really very few, these surviving Han Dynasty murals, not only to show us the achievements of Han Dynasty painting art, but also let us understand the life style of the people of the Han Dynasty.
Among the many cultural relics unearthed, there is a brush that has been rated as a "national treasure-level cultural relic", which is a "white horse" brush. The diameter of the pen shaft is 0.6 cm long, the length is 23.5 cm, of which the pen head accounts for 1.6 cm, the pen shaft is made of bamboo, the middle is empty, so that the weight of the pen body is reduced, the overall appearance is light brown, very symmetrical, in the middle and lower part of the pen shaft is engraved with the seal handwriting "white horse" three words, the knife method is neat, directly showing the handicraft management system of the "Wule Gong Name" (engraving the name of the maker on the product), that is to say, the craftsman is named "White Horse", the pen head is also very exquisite, the outer ring is yellow-brown soft hair, At the tip of the pen is purple and black hard hair, soft and hard combination, rigid and soft, which also reflects the Chinese philosophical idea of yin and yang.
Speaking of brushes, we all know that they are the tools used by the ancients to write, and with the development of time, it has even evolved into a science - calligraphy, but in fact, the brush is more than that, in addition to writing, it has three interesting uses. The first one is to make hairpins, which at first glance sounds very novel, using a brush as a hairpin, so don't you want to dye your head with ink?
Facts of course have nothing to do with dyeing heads, in the Han Dynasty, officials often inserted the end of the unused or washed brush into the hair, so that it can play a decorative role, and the second is also convenient to use, commonly known as the "hairpin white pen", so the shaft of the Han Dynasty brush is more special, in order to facilitate the insertion, its top is usually cut thinner. Over time, this habit becomes a custom. This custom of the civil servants existed even during the Warring States period. The location of the "White Horse" brush when it was unearthed was exactly on the left side of the tomb owner's head, which also reflects that the pen was on the head when it was buried, confirming the custom of the "hairpin pen" of Han Dynasty officials.
The second use is more "pompous", that is, to insert the brush into the crown, if the brush is used as a hairpin and has practical value, then the insertion into the crown has only one purpose - to show off. The ancients respected officials, in their most valued places, inserted a brush, this is to show their identity as a reader, show off their own learning, of course, most of the really learned people do not despise this kind of behavior, but some people who have no culture, like to do this.
The last usage is more special, it seems to apply only to this "white horse" brush, because it is 23.5 centimeters long, which is exactly one foot of the Han system unit of length, Wang Chong recorded in the "On Balance" "one foot pen", which happens to correspond to it. Therefore, we can guess that in the Han Dynasty, most brushes were of this length, so it can be used as a ruler, after all, this length is a standard unit of measurement.
We all know that the maturity of a thing, it takes a long time to develop, not a day's credit, but the need to constantly improve, this Han Dynasty brush, production process and shape is obviously very mature, all say that the brush is the Qin Dynasty General Mengtian invented, obviously, this is an untenable fallacy, but sometimes we may as well be tolerant, as long as Chinese characters and calligraphy can be carried forward and developed, we as Chinese have a steady stream of cultural roots, which is also an indispensable driving force for national rejuvenation!
Wenlan Hairun Studio Editor-in-Chief Wen Xiucai, this article is written by: Special History Writer: Jin Xiaozhou
Source: 1. "Four Spectra of The Literary Room" published by Su Yijian by Zhonghua Bookstore