Author | Fan Deng Reading · Xin Feng
Anchor | Fan Deng Reading · Xia Han
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The protagonist who appears today is known as "the literary Roselle of the 1930s." ”
With her unique style, she deeply influenced an era.
But her life, at the same time, is full of unexpected tragedies.
Let's walk into the life story of Xiao Hong, a modern Chinese female writer
Hemingway once said:
Man is not born to be defeated, a man can be destroyed, but not defeated.
Xiao Hong's life is the best interpretation of this sentence.
Among the many female writers in the Republic of China, Xiao Hong can be called a legend.
She has a stubborn personality, an indomitable heart and a bright talent, but she has been wandering and lonely all her life, living only for love and literature.
In other words, Xiao Hong's life is a life of constant struggle, and it is also a life of writing legends in the struggle.
(Xiao Hong/Tang Wei as |.) Image source film "Golden Age")
For many people, home is a warm haven.
But for Xiao Hong, family is precisely the first cage of her life.
On June 1, 1911, Xiao Hong was born in an old-fashioned landlord family in Hulan Town on the banks of the Songhua River in Heilongjiang Province, whose real name was Zhang Naiying.
The Zhang family has been in business for generations and has lived a prosperous life. Xiao Hong's father, Zhang Tingju, was a cultural official and her mother was a housewife.
What is incompatible with this bookish family is that Xiao Hong seems to have an innate wildness in her body since she was born.
When she was a child, in order to let Xiao Hong, who was still a baby, sleep peacefully, her mother had to wrap her hands and feet with a shroud before going to bed.
But she always used her hands and feet at the same time, struggling not to let anyone grab her arm, and her mother was often embarrassed by her.
After the neighbors who visited the door saw this scene, they inadvertently left a precise judgment:
This little girl is really powerful, and she is probably a "stubble" when she grows up.
Unfortunately, Xiao Hong's mother, Jiang Yulan, was weak and plagued by illness.
(Xiao Hong and mother Jiang Yulan)
When Xiao Hong was eight years old, she died of illness. Later, Zhang Tingju continued the string and succeeded him to marry the Liang clan.
Xiao Hong in her childhood was lonely, because the idea of son preference was very serious in the local area, and her mother did not allow Xiao Hong to go to school when she was alive.
But this problem was temporarily lifted with the death of her mother.
In 1920, Xiao Hong entered the primary school diagonally opposite her home. Six years later, Xiao Hong graduated from elementary school, and this year, she was fifteen years old.
At that time, although the era of the May Fourth new culture had just been refreshed, there were very few women who could continue to study after graduating from primary school.
One day, Xiao Hong expressed to her father the idea of continuing to study, but was severely rejected by her father.
Desperate, Xiao Hong threatened her father that if she was not allowed to go to school, she would become a nun.
In the face of Xiao Hong's resolute resistance, Zhang Tingjufang had to compromise and agreed to her long-distance study, which led to Xiao Hong's future literary life.
This is also the first awakening of her own personality in Xiao Hong's life.
In the autumn of 1927, Xiao Hong was admitted to the First Girls' High School of the Harbin Eastern Special District.
From then on, Xiao Hong began to contact Mr. Lu Xun's articles. Slowly learn to write and submit articles under the pseudonym "Whisper".
In the year after Xiao Hong graduated from middle school, she was forced by her father to marry Wang Enjia, the son of the leader of the Hulan County Defense Regiment.
It was in this year that Xiao Hong's grandfather, who loved her the most in her life, died.
Xiao Hong was discouraged by this, and she wrote in an article remembering her grandfather:
"I've been fighting my father for the past ten years.
During this time I felt that people were cruel things. My father didn't have a good face for me.
My grandfather was old, I was a little kid, so those of us who were completely insecure fell into his hands. ”
Faced with the reality that she is about to marry Wang Enjia, Xiao Hong chose to completely break with her family and run away from home to join her cousin, who is quite fond of her cousin who is studying at a university in Beijing.
It was from this moment that Xiao Hong began her true life of escape.
At the same time, this is also the beginning of her rebellion against feudal etiquette and the search for redemption in her own life.
Xiao Hong said that a person's life may burn or decay, I can't decay, I am willing to burn.
Xiao Hong's life is indeed a life of burning for love.
After arriving in Beijing to join her cousin, Xiao Hong began to study and live at the Beijing Women's Teachers' University High School, which was only half a year, but greatly broadened Xiao Hong's horizons.
Half a year later, Xiao Hong's family urgently urged Xiao Hong to return to her hometown and marry Wang Enjia.
His cousin's family even threatened to cut off his financial resources for this reason.
Under the pressure of reality, the cousin chose to surrender. Xiao Hong was greatly disappointed by this, but she had no choice.
In 1931, Xiao Hong followed her cousin back to Harbin and was imprisoned by her father as soon as she landed.
Later, it was his cousin's friend in Beijing who received help and gave him the travel fee, so that Xiao Hong could flee back to Beijing again.
What is unexpected is that when Xiao Hong was isolated and helpless, she met her fiancé Wang Enjia, who was wandering in Beijing.
Perhaps it was a survival instinct, after disappointing her cousin, Xiao Hong chose to support Wang Enjia and returned to Harbin with him, living in the Dongxing Hotel on Sixteenth Avenue Street outside the Daowai against her will.
Half a year later, Xiao Hong became pregnant and was nearing the end of her delivery. During this period they owed the hotel more than a hundred oceans of accommodation.
Wang Enjia actually abandoned Xiao Hong on the pretext of going home to get the money.
Xiao Hong was pregnant and detained in the attic by the innkeeper, and was in a difficult situation.
Because she often submitted articles to the newspaper, Xiao Hong took the opportunity to ask the editor of the supplement of Harbin's "International Association Daily" for help in the letter, and finally the young writer Xiao Jun took advantage of the flood in Harbin to use a small boat to pick Xiao Hong out of the window overnight and get out of the predicament.
Although Xiao Hong was dragging her belly at this time, her clear eyes and the style of writing still enthusiastically insisted on writing in the difficult life deeply touched Xiao Jun, who was called "Sanlang" by the literary circles.
Later, Xiao Jun said that Xiao Hong was the most beautiful person in the female world he knew.
They were both in love and soon lived together.
At that time, their lives were very difficult, and after Xiao Hong gave birth to a child, she had to choose to send someone to raise them.
In the days they were together, they often ate a piece of bread for two people. Xiao Hong's shoelaces were broken, and Xiao Jun removed his shoelaces to xiao Hong.
The starving and cold life did not erase their literary ideals. Instead, they encouraged each other in the literary world and flew in unison.
In October 1933, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun co-authored the collection of novel essays "Trek", which attracted widespread attention in the literary circles.
Since then, they have officially embarked on the literary world. Their love story has also become a good story and has been widely praised.
In 1935, Erxiao came to Shanghai and met Mr. Lu Xun, a mentor in the literary world.
Lu Xun gave great affirmation to Xiao Hong's "Field of Life and Death", which caused Xiao Jun great jealousy and often attacked Xiao Hong's creation.
The contradictions between them are becoming more and more apparent.
Later, Xiao Jun transferred his feelings and xiao Hong crossed to Japan. Their love is gradually broken, so that it can no longer be recovered.
In February 1938, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun, who were pregnant, officially broke up in Xi'an.
This fills everyone who knows their love story with regret.
At the same time, Xiao Hong quickly accepted the pursuit of the young northeastern writer Duanmu Hongliang and quickly married.
It was also at the end of that year that Xiao Hong gave birth to her and Xiao Jun's child, but the child died shortly after birth.
Today, we can no longer imagine Xiao Hong's level of despair at that time, let alone the degree of Desperation of Xiao Jun at that time.
No one knows why Xiao Jun, who is born in the military, will push a woman who is pregnant with her own love crystal into a bottomless emotional abyss.
At the end of January 1940, Xiao Hong left Chongqing with Duanmu Hongliang and flew to Hong Kong.
What everyone did not expect was that Xiao Hong's departure would become a farewell to her and the homeland where she was born and raised, and the Xiao Lang she loved.
All along, love and literature have together constituted the most important bipolar world in Xiao Hong's life.
The breakup with Xiao Jun had undoubtedly caused her sky to collapse in half.
Xiao Hong once wrote in the article:
"The sky is full of stars, the house is full of moons. What is life like, why is it so sad? ”
We believe that this is the best portrayal of her state of mind when she left the mainland on a plane.
In the "Biography of Ah Fei", it is said:
"Do you know that there is a bird that has no feet?"
Her whole life can only fly around in the sky, when she is tired, she sleeps in the wind, and she can only land once in her life, that is when she dies. ”
Xiao Hong's life is like the life of a footless bird.
After arriving in Hong Kong, Xiao Hong vaguely seemed to have sensed her own ending.
So she devoted all her energy to literary creation.
She has worked tirelessly, and the classic "The Legend of Hulan River" was completed in Hong Kong.
Compared with what Lu Xun said in his evaluation of "The Field of Life and Death", Xiao Hong described the strength of the people in the north for life and the struggle for death with a meticulous observation and deviant writing.
Mao Dun commented on "The Legend of Hulan River" and said that it is a narrative poem, a colorful terroir painting, and a string of poignant songs.
Writing in hong Kong was the second creative peak of Xiao Hong's life.
It is Xiao Hong's creative blowout period under better living conditions, which is not only highly productive but also of high quality.
Or we can also say that a series of works such as "The Legend of Hulan River" are the return to the light in Xiao Hong's literary creation.
After this period of double mental and physical overdraft, her body has deteriorated.
On January 12, 1942, the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong.
Xiao Hong's condition worsened, and she was sent to Hong Kong Happy Valley Sanatorium and Hospital, where she misjudged her throat due to misdiagnosis by quacks, resulting in Xiao Hong being unable to eat or drink and her body weakening.
He was transferred to Queen Mary Hospital and diagnosed with tuberculosis. This made Xiao Hong's physical condition worse.
On January 22, 1942, Xiao Hong passed away. She left the world lonely in the midst of war at the age of 31.
Although Xiao Hong's youth is short, the endless words she left us are enough to make her immortal, and it is enough for us to understand her brave heart and the compassion and sincerity in her heart today.
Compared with Zhang Ailing's old age, Xiao Hong's life can be described as a cherry blossom that bloomed in the most prosperous era and fell in the most beautiful years.
Xiao Hong has been fighting against fate all her life and achieving the ultimate in life.
Her life is like a fiery cloud in her pen, brilliant, brilliant, magnificent and desolate.
Xiao Hong's life is a life that never admits defeat, and it is also a life that never gives up.
Faced with the imprisonment of her family, she broke through the cage and gained a new life;
In the face of the setbacks of love, she is calm and fearless, and devotes herself to it;
In the face of the challenges of fate, she forged ahead and achieved brilliant achievements.
Her life tells us:
No matter how humble a person's situation is, as long as you don't admit your fate, God will definitely give you a way to live.
Click "Watching" and encourage your friends.
Author | Xin Feng, a multi-platform contracted author, is the author of the novel "Ten Years of Drifting West" and the literary criticism collection "The Grace of Words".
Column Director | Cheng zi
Typography | Zheng to the north
Image | The pictures in this article come from the Internet, and are invaded and deleted
Music | "E8r Piano Song" on the shores of Lake Baikal