After the outbreak of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 38th Army was the first unit to enter the DPRK. Although the first battle was not completed because of the "Black Regiment" incident, this was not a defeat, and if the number of enemies was destroyed, the results of the 38th Army were not worse than those of the brother troops. However, after the war, Liang Xingchu was still severely criticized by Peng Zong, and he was almost "beheaded". After the outbreak of the second campaign, the 38th Army fought extremely brilliantly, firmly blocking the retreat of the US army in Sansholi, Longyuanli and Songkuofeng, making important contributions to the victory of the entire campaign, and also winning itself the reputation of "Long Live the Army".
Liang Xingchu
After that, the 38th Army played an iron-blooded defense in the Battle of the Han River, withstanding the crazy attack of the enemy and ensuring the victory of the counterattack at Hengcheng. It can be said that during the entire War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 38th Army fought very well. However, in early October 1952, this victorious division suffered the only defeat during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and the opponent was the defeated South Korean puppet army under its previous command. What's going on? Today we will talk about this story.
In late August 1952, the 38th Army received an order from its superiors to "cooperate with the operations before the change of defense of the support troops, and to crush the local offensives that the enemy may launch, and to improve the combat experience of the troops, it was decided that the 38th Army would carry out a tactical counterattack against the enemy held on the 394.8 and 281.2 heights, and kill and injure more than 5,000 enemy people in the counterattack, and then strive to occupy and consolidate it." The two highlands mentioned in the order belong to the White Horse Mountain, which is located in the Yaoshan Cave area 10 kilometers northwest of The Iron Plain, and its strategic position is very important because of the Tieyuan Plains to the east and the main supply line of the "United Nations Army" to the south.
At this time, Liang Xingchu had been transferred to the deputy commander of the West Coast Command, and the post of commander of the 38th Army was taken over by Deputy Jiang Yonghui. Jiang Yonghui, a native of Ruijin, Jiangxi, joined the revolution at the age of 14, formally joined the ranks of the Red Army two years later, and after the tempering of the agrarian revolutionary war, the Long March, the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the War of Liberation, he grew from an ordinary soldier to a famous senior general of our army. After the 38th Army entered Korea, he and Liang Xingchu commanded the troops to fight many hard battles. This attack on Baima Mountain was his first battle after taking over as the commander of the 38th Army, so he attached great importance to it and was determined to fight this battle well.
At this time, the 38th Army had all been replaced with Soviet-style equipment, and its firepower had been greatly improved compared with before. After careful consideration, Jiang Yonghui entrusted the main offensive task to the 114th Division. In order to fight this battle well, the 114th Division began pre-war training two weeks in advance, not only practicing lurking and surprise attacks, but also practicing new Soviet-style equipment, communications and liaison, infantry and artillery coordination and other combat organization and tactical actions. In order to strengthen the offensive firepower, Jiang Yonghui equipped the 114th Division with 182 artillery pieces, 27 tanks, 59 anti-aircraft guns and 122 anti-aircraft machine guns. It can be said that in addition to the aircraft, there should be everything.
Jiang Yonghui
At about 6 p.m. on October 6, 1952, the Battle of White Horse Mountain was officially launched. After 9 days and nights of hard fighting, the 38th Army failed and was forced to retreat. The reason for the defeat in the Battle of White Horse Mountain is mainly related to two people, one is Yanzhong Jiao, and the other is Wang Jinshan. Let's first talk about Tanaka Jiao, he is a cultural instructor of the 7th Company of the 340th Regiment of the 114th Division, the Battle of Baima Mountain was fought for 4 days, Tanaka Jiao suddenly defected to the enemy, although he is a small role, but the 340th Regiment is the assault regiment of this campaign, and the 7th Company is the regiment's selected sharp knife company, So Tanaka Jiao has mastered the specific time and offensive route of our army to launch the Battle of Baima Mountain.
At that time, it was the ROK 9th Division that was responsible for the defense of Baima Mountain, and due to the excellent secrecy work of our army, the ROK 9th Division did not know anything about the upcoming launch of the Battle of Baima Mountain by our 38th Army, and the whole division was holding a sports meeting and was defenseless. If it were not for the rebellion of Yanaka Jiao, with the raiding ability of the 38th Army, taking the White Horse Mountain would be a matter of hand. So why did The Dragon in the Valley rebel? It turned out that this person was an opportunist, and when the leaders of the pre-war regiment selected commandos, Tanaka Jiao's posture was very high, and he wrote several petitions for battle, indicating that he would make meritorious contributions on the battlefield.
Commander of the Han 9th Division, Admiralty V
According to the past practice, cultural instructors generally do not serve as commandos, and Tanaka Jiao knows this very well, and the reason why he wants to write a letter of request for battle is to conclude that his superiors will not agree to his going to the front, so that he will not only leave a good impression on his superiors, but also do not have to participate in the commando team to take risks, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone. Tanaka Jiao's abacus was very good, but unexpectedly, his superiors saw that he had written several petitions in a row, and in order not to discourage his enthusiasm, they approved his request.
Tanaka was dumbfounded when he learned of this result, he knew that after the battle began, the commando team would become the first unit to fight with the enemy, and as soon as he thought about it, this soft-boned guy was afraid. So four days before the Battle of White Horse Mountain was launched, he took the opportunity of his superiors to check the road and ran to the Rok position, and defected to the enemy. The mutiny of Tanaka Jiao made the offensive plan of the 38th Army completely transparent, losing the suddenness of the campaign launch, and the enemy was bound to make targeted deployments. If the Battle of White Horse Mountain is launched on time, it can only be attacked by force, and the difficulties are bound to increase a lot.
Jiang Yonghui summoned the division and regimental cadres to a meeting, and finally decided to launch an attack. At this time, Tanaka Jiao had just defected, and the enemy did not necessarily fully believe in the information he provided, and even if he believed, it would take a certain amount of time to adjust the deployment and increase the number of troops. When our army launched an attack in advance, it could still catch the enemy off guard. In addition, Jiang Yonghui also prepared another plan, that is, to postpone the Battle of Baima Mountain and fight again after a period of time. This has two advantages, one is that there is plenty of time to modify the original attack plan, and the other is that it can paralyze the enemy and make the enemy mistakenly think that the yanaka jiao is sending false information.
Now it seems that both of Jiang Yonghui's plans are more feasible, and no matter which plan is adopted, it is possible to rewrite the outcome of the Battle of Baima Mountain. But unfortunately, Wang Jinshan, who was then the acting commander of the 3rd Corps, rejected both plans. Wang Jinshan was a famous general in Erye, who had always been known for his bravery in fighting, and after the Three Corps entered the DPRK, he once boasted that "it would not be a problem to drive the US troops into the sea." Wang Jinshan, who was not taken seriously by the US military, naturally would not take the defeated general of the Rok Army seriously.
Therefore, when Jiang Yonghui suggested launching an attack earlier or later, he was vetoed by Wang Jinshan, and in addition, he also said to Jiang Yonghui: You take such a big cattle knife to kill chickens, what else are you talking about! Speaking of this, Jiang Yonghui did not want to say anything more, so he had to launch the Battle of White Horse Mountain on time. As a result, due to the rebellion of Yanaka Jiao, the Roktan army made full preparations, in addition to receiving strong support from the US army, the 38th Army and the enemy fought fiercely for 9 days and nights and failed to take Hakuba Mountain, and also paid the cost of more than 6700 casualties. If Wang Jinshan had agreed to Jiang Yonghui's suggestion to change the offensive plan, perhaps the Battle of Baima Mountain would have been a different ending.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was a national war for our country, and this battle brought out military and national prestige, and made the whole world look at New China with astonishment. Written by the famous writer Li Feng
"Decisive Battle of Korea" comprehensively unveils many historical truths in front of and behind the stage of the Korean War with detailed historical materials, such as the game contest between the top leadership of the Sino-US Soviet Union and the DPRK, the truth about the Korean People's Army's southern expedition, the truth about China's dispatch of troops to Korea, the real comparison of the combat strength of China and the US army, the inside story of the Soviet Union's military assistance to China and the air force's participation in the war, the real situation of the prisoners of war of the volunteer army, the negotiation process of Panmunjom, and so on.
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