preface:
"I wish you continued to win! Long live the Chinese People's Volunteer Army! Long live the Thirty-eighth Army! ”
This is what President Peng said when he evaluated the 38th Army during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and the 38th Army was called therefore called
"Viva Army"
。
Those who have watched the TV series "Crossing the Yalu River" know that the 38th Army was scolded by Mr. Peng's nose due to the delay in the first battle, and even more took a stone to warn Liang Xingchu, it can be said that Liang Xingchu's 38 Army was scolded the most miserably, and the reason why Mr. Peng scolded Liang Xingchu so carelessly was on the one hand because his temper was not very good, on the other hand, it was also because the 38th Army led by Liang Xingchu was the earliest soldier of Mr. Peng, which made Mr. Peng how to swallow this breath, and his soldiers were not in contention. Can it not be painful?
The 38th Army was first developed from the hands of Mr. Peng! And this unit gave birth to a number of generals!
Peng Dehuai established the earliest prototype of the 38th Army
In July 1928, at the preparatory meeting before deciding to hold the Pingjiang Uprising, Peng Dehuai proposed that the troops should be called the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, Teng Daiyuan proposed to be called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and finally everyone discussed that the name of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was the 5th Army, and the reason why it was called the Red 5th Army was because it was said that there was already a Red 4th Army on Jinggang Mountain.
The day after the victory of the Pingjiang Uprising, Huang Gongluo arrived with another rebel force, several rebel armies were reorganized in Pingjiang, and on the 24th, the 5th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was formally established, with two divisions, the 13th and 14th divisions, with Peng Dehuai as the commander and commander of the 13th Division.
In October 1928, Peng Dehuai led the 3rd and 4th Columns of the Red 5th Army to Jinggangshan and joined the Red 4th Army. Soon after, the Red 5th Army and the Red 8th Army formed the Red 3rd Army, before the end of the Long March, the Red 3rd Army became the Red 3rd Army, which was later reorganized into the 2nd Column of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the 2nd Column was organized into the 4th Division of the 1st Army after the Long March, and the 4th Division of the 1st Army after the beginning of the War of Resistance
686th Regiment, 343rd Brigade, 115th Division...
At this time, this hero's troops were handed over to Li Tianyou's hands!
The Battle of Pingxingguan in 1937 brought out the prestige of the Eighth Route Army and the prestige of Li Tianyou and the 686th Regiment.
Li Tianyou, born in 1914 in Lingui County, Guangxi, joined the Communist Party of China in 1929 and served as the commander of the 68th Regiment of the Red 3rd Army and the commander of the 4th Division of the Red 1st Army. He served as the commander of the 686th Regiment of the 343rd Brigade of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, the commander of the 1st Column of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, and the commander of the 38th Army of the Fourth Field Army.
In 1929, after the Baise Uprising, the Red Seventh Army was established, and Li Tianyou, who was only 15 years old, was appointed deputy company commander of the special service company. In the week after the White Uprising, the main force of the Red 7th Army was divided to suppress the surrounding reactionary forces, and more than 2,000 landlord armed forces hidden in the west of Baise suddenly launched an attack on Bai, and soon they attacked Baise City and looted around the city...
At this time, only one machine gun company and half of the special service company remained in the troops, plus less than 500 cadres and logisticians. When Li Tianyou heard the gunshots, he immediately led half of the special agent company into battle.
After the team assembled, he said to the soldiers, "Comrades! Everyone should be calm, don't panic! A few days ago, I heard that the bandits were coming to attack, and now they are coming. However, they are all rabble-rousers and vulnerable. Now is the time for us to make a meritorious contribution, to strike hard at the enemy! ”
Li Tianyou led the team to the place where the gunfire was most intense, at this time the bandits were robbing, the team was very chaotic, Li Tianyou led the troops to shoot at the enemy fiercely, and at the same time shouted "Surrender the gun and don't kill!" "The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army treats prisoners leniently!" Bandits fled and knelt down to beg for mercy.
According to the sound of gunfire, Li Tianyou judged that the bandits on the hills outside the city still had strength, so he thought of destroying the enemy on the mountain and blocking their rear roads, and the bandits inside the city would collapse, so he immediately led the fighters around the street and rushed out of the city gate and ran to the mountain where the battle was most fierce outside the city.
Li Tianyou took advantage of the enemy's lack of preparation to launch a fierce attack on the bandits, the bandits did not expect that the attack was a well-equipped regular troop, immediately panicked, hurriedly began to retreat, Li Tianyou and the warriors chased the enemy with gun smoke...
When the reinforcements sent back from the front line returned, they found that the bandits had been defeated, and the young hero Li Tianyou walked into people's sight...
In 1932, he was shot three times in the Battle of Ganzhou, and in 1933, he became the commander of the 13th Regiment of the 5th Division of the Third Red Army, and later promoted to division commander. Li Tianyou underwent the entire Long March journey, after which he served as the commander of the 4th Division of the Red First Army.
The Battle of Pingxingguan was the first major victory since the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and greatly encouraged the anti-Japanese fighting spirit of the people of the whole country.
In 1937, the Japanese army invaded China on a large scale, and in Shanxi, it was like a no-man's land, and the Japanese Fifth Division regiment that entered Shanxi was even more arrogant in carrying out a big detour, and three brigades of its 21st Brigade attacked Pingxingguan in a frontal manner, and the other two brigades attacked Pingxingguan through the flank in an attempt to encircle the Eighth Route Army at Pingxingguan.
At that time, Yan Xishan's troops had been retreating, and they did not even see the Japanese army, and just a plane and not a single bomb were dropped, which could make the Kuomintang army retreat.
At this time, however, the Eighth Route Army rushed up at this critical juncture and used its own blood and life to resist the invaders. At that time, the leader of the 686 Regiment was Li Tianyou, and the political commissar was Yang Yong.
At the battle meeting, it was decided to take advantage of the favorable terrain of the flat type pass to strike hard at the Japanese army, in order to hide, 686 chose the most difficult mountain road, the soldiers braved the heavy rain, because there was no rain gear, the soldiers were drenched, the body was frozen and trembling, a little inattentive will fall, the soldiers have no way each can only drag the corners of the clothes of the people in front.
The enthusiasm of the soldiers to go to the front line to participate in the anti-Japanese resistance was very high, but unfortunately the sky was not beautiful, at this time the flash flood broke out, the ravine was full of water, and a few soldiers rushed past, but they were swept away by the flood.
The troops could not pass for the time being, and some of the fighters were in a hurry, and hurriedly urged the soldiers in front of them to go over. "The snowy mountains and meadows on the Long March Road didn't stop us, a small river top fart!"
Li Tianyou and Yang Yong exchanged views and decided to break through. After careful arrangement, the soldiers hung their guns and bullets around their necks and formed a "iron cable" hand in hand and walked towards the opposite shore.
After a difficult march in the middle of the night, the troops arrived at the designated ambush site, after a night of running, the soldiers were frozen noses and blue faces, one by one like clay people, at this time if you can eat some hot meals, it should be good, unfortunately, the troops in order to hide but can not live, the soldiers had to grit their teeth and insist.
Both sides of the ambush site were woods, the warriors were hidden in these woods, Li Tianyou had observed with a telescope, the warriors were hidden in the woods, lying on the ground, even if they were shivering with cold, they did not dare to move, they all gritted their teeth and insisted. Li Tianyou put down his glasses and said to Yang Yong:
Well concealed
”。
Yang Yong said meaningfully:
Yes, no matter how cunning the beast is, we hunters will not let it go!
”
Throughout the ambush mission, Li Tianyou's 686 regiment was responsible for: when the attack was launched, when the troops on both sides cut off their heads and tails, they quickly stopped and fought, dividing and destroying the enemy.
One by one, the Japanese army wore leather shoes, steel helmets, and tweed coats, and talked and laughed like no man's land. This made the disguised soldiers very angry, after a while, Li Tianyou learned from the watchtower that the enemy had all entered the ambush circle, immediately sent a staff officer to report Lin Biao, a moment the staff officer came back to convey the attack order, before the staff officer finished speaking, Li Tianyou immediately grabbed the phone and ordered the attack on the first battalion of the mission: "The attack begins!" Give me a hard hit! ”
The warriors who heard the order frantically attacked the enemy, and the sound of gunshots, cannons and grenades were thrown into the enemy's ranks, blowing the enemy upside down...
After a while, Lin Biao summoned Li Tianyou to the headquarters and issued a new order to him, the troops surrounded a brigade of the enemy, and more than 4,000 people arranged for Li Tianyou's troops to rush down the road to cut the enemy into several sections, and use a battalion to occupy the commanding heights of the Laoye Temple...
At this time, several enemies had already begun to climb the Laoye Temple, seeing this, Li Tianyou immediately ran back to the command post, and immediately ordered the 3rd Battalion to rush to the Laoye Temple, but the enemy's firepower was too fierce, the 3rd Battalion could not suppress the enemy's firepower, one by one fell on the way forward, Li Tianyou gritted his teeth and once again ordered the troops to rush forward, and ordered the flanking company to step up the attack on the enemy and attract the enemy's firepower...
The soldiers of the 3rd Battalion made great sacrifices before rushing to the road and engaged in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy, and after fighting for half an hour, the enemy could not hold on, and hid under the car, the Eighth Route Army did not know how to burn the enemy's car at that time, thinking that the Japanese army was still the same as the Kuomintang troops, and would disarm if they fought hard, so the soldiers stopped shooting, and shouted to the enemy: "Surrender the gun and do not kill!" Preferential treatment of captives! ”
However, the enemy not only did not understand the Chinese language, but also were die-hard elements, and they would never surrender to the Chinese, and as a result, many soldiers were killed by the dying and struggling Japanese army, some soldiers shouted in the past, and they were stabbed in the chest by the enemy with bayonets, and some soldiers wanted to bring the seriously injured enemy back for medical treatment, but they were also bitten off by the enemy, and the enemy exploded wounds, and they were also wounded by the enemy.
Therefore, the war could only be ended by the complete elimination of these beastly invaders, and the battle became extremely fierce, often accompanied by the end of the same end.
The casualties of the soldiers were very large, and the cadres of the 9th Company of the 3rd Battalion were basically wiped out.
There were only more than 100 people left in the company
……
With the help of the 2nd Battalion, the 3rd Battalion Commander led the 3rd Battalion soldiers with wounds to finally occupy the Laoye Temple. After occupying the commanding heights, the Eighth Route Army fought the enemy from both sides with nowhere to hide, and found that the commanding heights were occupied, and the Japanese army began a crazy upward attack, but they were all defeated by the 686 Regiment.
The battle was fought at 1 p.m., the 687th Regiment also attacked, Li Tianyou saw that the enemy began to chaos, he knew that the time to destroy the enemy was coming, immediately strengthened the attack, the Japanese army could not withstand the fierce blow, fled one after another, most of them were wiped out in the ravine.
The Battle of Pingxingguan could have wiped out more Japanese troops, but unfortunately, because the Jin Sui army did not cooperate with the operation according to the predetermined plan, some of the Japanese troops fled.
The news of the great victory of Pingshiguan spread throughout the country, greatly encouraged the people of the whole country to resist Japan, established the confidence of the victory in the War of Resistance, and greatly enhanced the reputation of the Eighth Route Army in the eyes of the people.
The 686th Regiment has since fought under the leadership of the 115th Division.
The Shandong 1st Division under the leadership of Wan Yi went to the 1st Column of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army
In October 1937, the 115th Division opened up the Lüliang base area with the 343rd Brigade. In 1938, the 115th Division was divided again, chen Guang, Luo Ronghuan led the division headquarters and the 686 regiment into the banks of the Yellow River in Shandong, and developed towards Lubei and Luxi. In 1945, it was reorganized with the local forces
The First Division of Shandong Military Region
In September 1945, the central government adjusted its policy and dispatched a large number of troops north to the northeast, and the first division, the second division, and the coastal detachment of the Shandong Military Region went north respectively, and later reorganized into the first column of the Northeast Democratic United Army, and the commander of the first column at this time was Wan Yi.
Born in 1907, Wan Yi was a Manchu native of Forty Lipu, Jinzhou District, Dalian, Liaoning, and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in 1955. In 1925, he entered the Northeast Army Noncommissioned Teaching Corps to study, and in 1929, he entered the Northeast Army Lecture Hall to study. In 1935, he began to contact the theory of workers' and peasants' revolution, and in 1936 he became the youngest regimental commander of the Northeast Army, and once blocked the Kuomintang army in Weinan.
After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he participated in the Defense of Nanjing, became the only survivor of the regiment, and secretly joined the Communist Party in March 1938. In February 1941, he was arrested and imprisoned by reactionaries in the Northeast Army, and in August 1942, before being secretly executed by Chiang Kai-shek, he escaped from prison and entered the coastal anti-Japanese base area. In 1944, he became the head of the coastal detachment.
In February 1946, after the Kuomintang occupied Xiushui Hezi, it burned and looted, and the people complained to the PLA about the enemy's crimes, hoping that the PLA could help them. After a night of fighting, the first column completely annihilated the enemy.
If the Battle of Xiushui Hezi was the first annihilation battle of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army on the northeast battlefield, then the four battles and four peaces were a famous large-scale battle in which the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army participated.
Siping is located in the hinterland of the Songliao Plain, between Shenyang and Changchun, connecting the railway and highway transportation hub between the east, west, south and north, and is a strategic hub for controlling the northeast.
The four wars and four peaces are divided into four stages, namely the siping liberation war, the siping defense war, the siping offensive battle, and the siping recovery war.
In March 1946, in order to seize the strategically important siping, the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army fought a two-year campaign with the Kuomintang army, namely the "Four Wars and Four Peaces Campaign", in which the Kuomintang and the Communists invested a total of 940,000 people.
In the end, the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army paid the price of more than 40,000 casualties, and finally grasped the strategic siping, which became a famous battle in the history of the People's Liberation Army.
The Battle of Xiushui Hezi was the first annihilation battle out of the pass, and the four battles and four peaces were the first big battles outside the pass, so the battle in which this unit re-entered the pass was to participate in the Battle of Pingjin.
Returned to the first column under the leadership of Li Tianyou again
In May 1947, Li Tianyou and Wan Yi exchanged transfers, and because Wan Yi was reluctant to leave his original unit, Li Tianyou was appointed commander of the first column of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, and Wan Yi was appointed as the political commissar.
In January 1948, the original Northeast Democratic United Army was renamed the Northeast People's Liberation Army, and in November of the same year, the central unified force was reorganized and numbered, and the first column of the Northeast People's Liberation Army was renamed the 38th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and in 1949 it was renamed the Fourth Field Army, and the 38th Army was subordinate to the 13th Corps of the Four Fields, with Li Tianyou as the commander.
At the Battle of Pingjin, the 38th Army was the main force attacking Tianjin, and opened the way with artillery throughout the whole process. But the battle was still very hard, and Lin Biao even said to Li Tianyou:
I don't want casualty figures, I just want Tianjin
！
Before the Battle of Tianjin, Fu Zuoyi once asked Chen Changjie how long he could hold out if the communists came. Chen Changjie's affirmative answer was at least half a year!
The outer battle of the Tianjin Campaign began on January 3, 1949.
As a result, at this time, Chen Changjie found that the troops attacking Tianjin were not the troops in the west of Tianjin but the Northeast Field Army from the northeast, with a total of 300,000 people, more than 500 heavy artillery, and no longer the earth guns and knives of the year.
The battle on the outskirts of Tianjin was fought easily, the enemy's positions were occupied piece by piece, and the People's Liberation Army quickly approached the urban area, and it was only the 11th.
In the face of Tianjin, which became a bag, Lin Biao proudly wrote a letter of persuasion, and as a result, Chen Changjie did not buy it, thinking that he had enough chips in his hands to bargain with the PLA, and as a result, the PLA did not talk to him, and soon issued an ultimatum, and the Kuomintang troops began to panic, and everyone came to Chen Changjie for advice, but Chen Changjie was still dead and hard-mouthed, did he ask for forgiveness at the sight of the ultimatum, which was also too faceless, and it was even more that he was in Tianjin.
outcome
From the beginning of the siege on the 14th, after only 29 hours of fighting, Chen Changjie became a prisoner
。 At this time, he wanted to negotiate with the People's Liberation Army, but was told that he had become a prisoner and did not need to negotiate, only that he needed to inform all the troops to stop resisting and surrender unconditionally.
After that, the 38th Army went all the way south, traversed 5,000 miles to 11 provinces across the country, and even more in Guangxi, began a vigorous mountain suppression of bandits.
In 1950, the 38th Army, along with the 13th Corps, became one of the first to participate in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and its commander was General Liang Xingchu.
Liang Xingchu, formerly known as Liang Xingzuo, a native of Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province, joined the Communist Party in 1930, participated in the Long March, and then marched east with the troops, serving as the commander of the First Division of the Shandong Military Region, the commander of the First Division of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, and the commander of the 38th Army in 1949.
On July 13, 1950, in accordance with the situation in Korea, the Central Committee formed the Northeast Border Defense Army, reorganized the 13th Corps, and formed the Northeast Border Defense Army with the 13th Corps (38th Army, 39th Army, 40th Army), the 42nd Army, the 1st Artillery Division, the 2nd Division, the 8th Division, and a certain number of anti-aircraft artillery, engineers, and combat vehicles.
After the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 38th Army, as the first unit to enter the KOREAN War, delayed the fighter plane due to the slow movement of the troops in the first battle, and Liang Xingchu was scolded by General Manager Peng: ""
You Liang Xingchu was bold, I let you fight Xichuan, you said that Xichuan has a black group, what bird black group, scare yourself. It is said that you Liang Daya is a blacksmith, is a member of the tiger general, I Peng Dehuai has not learned, what tiger general, I think is a member of the rat general! A black group scares you!
Liang Xingchu wanted to defend a few words, but was interrupted by Mr. Peng: "
You're on the verge of battle!
Deputy Commander Deng Hua played a round field next to him:
"The 38th Army is still the main force, this battle is not well fought, and the next battle is to be fought well..."
This scolding woke up Liang Xingchu and the 38th Army, and in the second battle, according to the original battle plan, it was coordinated with the 42nd Army, and the 38th Army first fought Tokugawa to let the 42nd Army cooperate, but Liang Xingchu did not look up to the 42nd Army.
Decided to contract Tokugawa myself. For more information, please take a look at the following article!
42nd Army: Although I am a peasant reclamation army, you must not look down on me! 38th Army: Go away and come by myself
Without saying a word, the 38th Army took Tokugawa as quickly as possible and began to advance towards Junyuri and Sanshori the next morning, facing an American division, more than 100 artillery pieces, and more than 100 tanks.
Responsible for the trip to the three institutes was the 113th Division, the 113th Division took advantage of the enemy's light enemy mentality, disguised as a fleeing unit, deceived the reconnaissance of the US aircraft, and quickly penetrated the three institutes.
At this time, the Volunteer Command anxiously waited for the march of the 113th Division, and did not rest assured until the headquarters received the arrival of the 113th Division in Sansholi.
The task given to the 113th Division by the Volunteer Command was:
Resolutely block the enemy who fled south through the three houses! Do whatever it takes to get the job done!
The 113th Division, which had just completed its deployment, faced a frenzied attack by the American army, and on the road of less than 1 kilometer from Sansholi plus Longyuanli, facing the enemy, aircraft, tanks and artillery bombarded in turn, and the 337th Regiment of the 113th Division was nailed there like a nail.
Seeing that he could not escape from Sanshori, the enemy fled west to Anju.
In the entire blockade battle, the most famous were the Battle of Longyuanli of the 337th Regiment and the Battle of Songkuofeng of the 335th Regiment.
The 3rd Company of the 337th Regiment and the 3rd Company of the 335th Regiment blocked the repeated bombardment of enemy aircraft and artillery.
When the bullets are gone, the warriors smash them with the butts of their guns, pick them with bayonets, fight with stones and teeth with the enemy! Some of them were hit by gasoline bombs, so they dropped their guns, threw themselves at the enemy with fire, and held the enemy together and were burned to death...
After the battle, when cleaning the battlefield, what appeared in the eyes of the world was the remains of the martyrs who maintained various postures:
Some are holding the enemy, some are holding the enemy's neck, some are scorched by the enemy's flamethrower, and they still hold the gun with the bayonet in their hands, maintaining the posture of charging at the enemy...
After the post-war telegram was drafted, Mr. Peng added a sentence: "Long live the Thirty-eighth Army!" ”
In this battle, the 38th Army annihilated more than 11,000 enemy troops, captured 14 tanks, more than 200 artillery pieces, and more than 300 cars.
In one fell swoop, the entire Korean War was turned around.
This campaign made the 38th Army famous all over the world, and since then"
Viva Army
"Fame is all over the world.
The 38th Army has fought hard battles since its establishment, and it has been able to fight hard battles, and every important battle is indispensable to them, perhaps it is precisely because of the 38th Army's style of daring to fight hard battles that this unit has given birth to many generals from its establishment to the end.